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2020–2021 Healthy Minds Study, and used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between sexual minority status and psychotic experiences, adjusting for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. We then tested whether psychosocial factors accounted for the association. Sexual minority status was associated with 1.87 times greater odds of having psychotic experiences over the past 12 months (aOR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.77–1.99; N = 110,551). Several factors mediated the association between sexual orientation and psychotic experiences such as loneliness (26.93%), anxiety (30.90%), depression (33.18%), and marijuana use (13.95%); all factors together accounted for 59.01% of the association between sexual minority status and psychotic experiences. Food insecurity, recent abuse, and discrimination did not significantly mediate the association. Findings should raise clinical awareness that psychotic experiences are more common among sexual minorities than among heterosexuals, which is largely explained by mental health factors, calling for targeted outreach and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The science education community is deeply invested in growing the next generation of scientists. One way to do this is through evidence-based interventions that support the motivation and performance of students in introductory classes. The literature is replete with interdisciplinary research presenting such interventions. Unfortunately, the process of developing and evaluating pedagogical practices is not the same as the process required to scale those efforts into actual university classrooms. Efforts to spread the word about successful practices often move slowly, through relatively small personal and professional networks. We present a complementary proactive strategy designed to raise awareness of one exemplar intervention across a broad swath of U.S. biology faculty. Our 30-minute anonymous engagement (in three 10-minute asynchronous virtual sessions) resulted in this particular intervention being adopted in some form by more than 4 in 10 faculty who learned about it, reaching an estimated 7,500 students across the United States. We describe the three phases of our intervention adoption process, each informed by social psychology theories of persuasion and decision-making, and provide a detailed guide and ready-to-use resources to replicate the process using other evidence-based interventions ready for scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perception of health risk can influence household rules, but little is known about how the perception of harm from cannabis secondhand smoke (cSHS) is related to having a complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking. We examined this association among a nationally representative sample of United States adults. Methods: Respondents were 21,381 adults from the cross-sectional Marijuana Use and Environmental Survey recruited from December 2019-February 2020. Perceived harm of cSHS exposure (extremely harmful, somewhat harmful, mostly safe, or totally safe) and complete ban of cannabis smoking anywhere in the home (yes or no) were self-reported. Logistic regression for survey-weighted data estimated covariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between perceived harm of cSHS and complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking. Stratified subgroup analyses (by cannabis smoking status, cannabis use legalization in state of residence, and children under age 6 living in the home) were conducted to quantify effect measure modification of the association between perception of harm and complete ban. Results: A complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking was reported by 71.8% of respondents. Eight percent reported cSHS as "totally safe"; 20.5% "mostly safe"; 38.3% "somewhat harmful"; and 33.0% "extremely harmful". Those who reported cSHS as "extremely harmful" had 6 times the odds of a complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking (OR = 6.0, 95%CI = 4.9–7.2) as those reporting smoking as "totally safe". The odds of a complete ban were higher among those reporting cSHS as "somewhat harmful" (OR = 2.6, 95%CI = 2.2–3.1) or "mostly safe" (OR = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.2–1.7) vs those reporting cSHS as "totally safe". In each subgroup of cannabis smoking status, state cannabis use legalization, and children under the age of 6 living in the home, perceived harm was associated with a complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates perceiving cSHS as harmful is strongly associated with having a complete in-home cannabis smoking ban. With almost a third of US adults perceiving cSHS as at least "mostly safe", there is strong need to educate the general population about potential risks associated with cSHS exposure to raise awareness and encourage adoption of household rules prohibiting indoor cannabis smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically evaluate evidence regarding the barriers and challenges associated with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Methods: The databases Pubmed, Ovid, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online, and Web of Science were searched using the following keywords: challenges, prevention, CINV, chemotherapy and their corresponding alternative keywords. This review included all studies involving adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy exclusively, the caretaker, and healthcare professionals handling cancer patients, without geographical restriction. The articles used were in English language and were original primary studies. The data extraction form was developed based on PRISMA guide. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results: From 1,170 related articles retrieved, 38 were included in this review of which 9 articles were from European countries while 7 were from the United States of America. All articles met the criterion of the JBI critical appraisal. The reviews indicated that the barriers and challenges reported in the management of CINV would include failure to adhere to the antiemetic guideline, misconception about CINV and its prevention, and nausea and delayed CINV. Conclusion: Interventions such as enhancing nausea and delayed vomiting control, raising awareness of antiemetic guidelines among healthcare professionals, and dispelling misconceptions need to be planned and implemented to overcome the barriers and challenges and improve the quality of CINV management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally. There is a causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer; nearly 90% of cases are caused by cigarette smoking. Aim: To investigate the public interest in the relationship between lung cancer and tobacco smoking through an analysis of searches in Google Trends over the past 16 years. Material and Methods: We conducted a systematic search through Google Trends using the search terms "lung cancer" and "smoking" to identify the numbers of lung cancer and tobacco smoking searches in populations from Turkey, the United States, and the whole world between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2019. Results: Online searches that reflect public awareness are nearly identical for both lung cancer and smoking; however, there is an inverse correlation between population interest and incidences of lung cancer and smoking. Furthermore, the numbers of searches on lung cancer and smoking decrease gradually in Turkey, in the world, and in the United States over the years, displaying a slight seasonal pattern. Conclusion: Informative and educational campaigns covering the whole year are required to raise awareness of the relationship between lung cancer and smoking and keep people argus-eyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally. There is a causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer; nearly 90% of cases are caused by cigarette smoking. Aim: To investigate the public interest in the relationship between lung cancer and tobacco smoking through an analysis of searches in Google Trends over the past 16 years. Material and Methods: We conducted a systematic search through Google Trends using the search terms "lung cancer" and "smoking" to identify the numbers of lung cancer and tobacco smoking searches in populations from Turkey, the United States, and the whole world between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2019. Results: Online searches that reflect public awareness are nearly identical for both lung cancer and smoking; however, there is an inverse correlation between population interest and incidences of lung cancer and smoking. Furthermore, the numbers of searches on lung cancer and smoking decrease gradually in Turkey, in the world, and in the United States over the years, displaying a slight seasonal pattern. Conclusion: Informative and educational campaigns covering the whole year are required to raise awareness of the relationship between lung cancer and smoking and keep people argus-eyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aircraft dispatcher is an indispensable member of United States airline operations. The airline industry advanced from early attempts to transport mail and occasional passengers on a scheduled basis into a highly complex, tightly regulated, extremely safe means of transportation. Dispatchers have a key role that has expanded over time both in its scope and in its authority. The concept of operational control began with the desire to improve safety and enhance situational awareness for air carriers. Beginning with the earliest references to dispatchers, this paper explores the history of dispatchers from 1929 to the 1970s, operational control in the United States, and associated safety improvements. Drawing from both primary sources in the form of original aviation trade journals, aircraft accident reports, and books reviewing airline history, this paper examines how the dispatch profession has evolved and significantly enhanced aviation safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay acknowledges the importance of examining the #metoo movement in global, cross-cultural, international contexts as scholars. Yet it also argues for teaching the social media (SM) movement in a grounded historical context as growing out of other moments of women's liberation movement history in which women came together to tell their story, sharing their personal experiences that led to political action, particularly when teaching the hashtag movement in introductory women and gender studies courses. The author shares her efforts to do so online at a south-eastern technical university in the United States in the Spring of 2019. Not as part of evaluations but as part of a teaching unit within the course, she asked her nearly 50 students, both male and female, to compare and contrast the SM movement to consciousness-raising groups in which women had met face-to-face to share their experiences in an earlier time in movement history. All 300 student posts and reflections posted in the week under examination were scrutinized by the instructor, and their thoughts and conclusions analyzed. In this article, a sample of four is explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latino immigrants in the United States face a hostile climate, including policies that reinforce community-level prejudices and acts of discrimination. Discrimination has an impact on the well-being of individuals who are targeted. The purpose of this study was to learn from Latino immigrant parents about responses to incidents with discrimination, including the process by which they determine how to respond. Fifty-four Latino immigrants participated in in-depth interviews. Using constructivist grounded theory methods, a model was developed to reflect participants' responses to discrimination. Findings indicate Latino immigrants' responses to discrimination evolve in a consciousness-raising process, including five phases of awareness: recognizes discrimination; questions discrimination; engages in reflection/dialogue on issues of race and discrimination; acknowledges value in self; and takes action. Moving through these phases, participants are more critically reflective on personal experiences and larger environmental contexts. Participants also engage in assessment of risks and opportunities when deciding how to respond to discrimination. Documentation status, English proficiency, and knowledge of systems of care affected their ability/decision to advocate. This study offers guidance for social service providers to support and collaborate with immigrants to increase their capacity to advocate. Findings suggest that future research is needed to explore the connection between phases of response and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper looks back on the methodology and experience of feminist consciousness-raising (CR) in the 1970s, in relation to the current re-emergence of feminism. It constructs an argument that a new wave of CR is desirable so as to construct new forms of feminist pedagogy and activism. The paper will argue that contemporary feminism in the UK and USA would benefit from this kind of methodology, through which a standpoint is constructed. The core of the paper is an analysis of how CR works as an affective and social process. Drawing on academic studies and participant accounts, the paper reconstructs the mechanisms through which participants' subjectivities and narratives are expressed and transformed. It suggests that these mechanisms express different non-homogeneous temporalities. The paper invites feminist pedagogy to get back to the base level of experience and unfold new theories and strategies to address the current context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on the relationship between higher education and identity politics in the U.S. Particular focus is given to the role of the second-wave feminist movement in the academic institutionalization of women's studies. According to the author, women's studies programs served as a site for intellectual study, political action and therapeutic reflection. It is suggested that these programs were similar to the consciousness-raising (CR) groups in other parts of the movement.