20 results on '"ALI, J."'
Search Results
2. Treatment Is More Than Prevention: Perceived Personal and Social Benefits of Undetectable = Untransmittable Messaging Among Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV.
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Rendina, H. Jonathon, Talan, Ali J., Cienfuegos-Szalay, Jorge, Carter, Joseph A., and Shalhav, Ore
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INFECTIOUS disease transmission , *HIV infections , *HIV-positive persons , *SEXUAL health , *MEN'S health , *SOCIAL stigma , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *TEXT messages , *LGBTQ+ people , *VIRAL load , *ANTIRETROVIRAL agents , *SEXUAL minorities , *DATA analysis software , *MEN who have sex with men , *SEXUAL orientation identity - Abstract
Research suggests that the science of undetectable viral load (VL) status and HIV transmission—conveyed with the slogan "Undetectable = Untransmittable" or "U = U"—has gaps in acceptance despite robust scientific evidence. Nonetheless, growing acceptance of U = U creates conditions for a shift in the sociopolitical and personal implications of viral suppression. We conducted an online survey over a 23-month period in 2018 and 2019 among 30,361 adolescent and adult (aged 13–99) sexual minority men living with HIV (SMM-LHIV) across the United States. We examined the impact of U = U on self-image, potential for changing societal HIV stigma, whether SMM-LHIV had ever spoken with a provider about viral suppression and HIV transmission, and primary sources of hearing about U = U. Approximately 80% of SMM-LHIV reported that U = U was beneficial for their self-image and societal HIV stigma, 58.6% reported it made them feel "much better" about their own HIV status, and 40.6% reporting it had the potential to make HIV stigma "much better." The most consistent factors associated with these beliefs centered around care engagement, particularly self-reported viral suppression and excellent antiretroviral therapy adherence. Two-thirds reported ever talking to a provider about VL and HIV transmission, although the primary sources for having heard about U = U were HIV and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) news media and personal profiles on networking apps. These findings demonstrate the significant personal and social importance of U = U for SMM-LHIV that go above-and-beyond the well-documented health benefits of viral suppression, suggesting that providers should consider routinely initiating conversations with patients around the multifaceted benefits (personal health, sexual safety and intimacy, increased self-image, and reduced social stigma) of viral suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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3. The State of Cannabis Research Legislation in 2020.
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Zarrabi, Ali J., Frediani, Jennifer K., and Levy, Joshua M.
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CLINICAL trial laws , *MARIJUANA laws , *GOVERNMENT regulation , *DRUG laws , *MEDICAL marijuana , *RESEARCH funding , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
The article offers information on the growing numbers of Americans use federally unregulated cannabis products and develop complications. It discusses the challenges associated with conducting high-quality research on cannabis were highlighted during a U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health hearing on cannabis policy on January 15, 2020.
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- 2020
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4. Update on immunosuppressive drugs.
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Randhawa, Manj and Olyaei, Ali J
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IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE agents ,TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. ,CYCLOSPORINE - Abstract
Presents an update on immunosuppressive drugs used in solid organ transplantation in the U.S. as of October 15, 2001. Guidelines on monitoring transplant patients in the clinical setting; Factor on which the immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporine depends; Adverse effects of cyclosporine therapy.
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- 2001
5. Five-Year Outcomes among U.S. Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry Patients.
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Aksamit TR, Locantore N, Addrizzo-Harris D, Ali J, Barker A, Basavaraj A, Behrman M, Brunton AE, Chalmers S, Choate R, Dean NC, DiMango A, Fraulino D, Johnson MM, Lapinel NC, Maselli DJ, McShane PJ, Metersky ML, Miller BE, Naureckas ET, O'Donnell AE, Olivier KN, Prusinowski E, Restrepo MI, Richards CJ, Rhyne G, Schmid A, Solomon GM, Tal-Singer R, Thomashow B, Tino G, Tsui K, Varghese SA, Warren HE, Winthrop K, and Zha BS
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, United States epidemiology, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Proportional Hazards Models, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Disease Progression, Bronchiectasis mortality, Bronchiectasis physiopathology, Bronchiectasis epidemiology, Registries, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous mortality, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous epidemiology
- Abstract
Rationale: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are prevalent among patients with bronchiectasis. However, the long-term natural history of patients with NTM and bronchiectasis is not well described. Objectives: To assess the impact of NTM on 5-year clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with bronchiectasis. Methods: Patients in the Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry with ⩾5 years of follow-up were eligible. Data were collected for all-cause mortality, lung function, exacerbations, hospitalizations, and disease severity. Outcomes were compared between patients with and without NTM at baseline. Mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models and the log-rank test. Measurements and Main Results: In total, 2,634 patients were included: 1,549 (58.8%) with and 1,085 (41.2%) without NTM at baseline. All-cause mortality (95% confidence interval) at Year 5 was 12.1% (10.5%, 13.7%) overall, 12.6% (10.5%, 14.8%) in patients with NTM, and 11.5% (9.0%, 13.9%) in patients without NTM. Independent predictors of 5-year mortality were baseline FEV
1 percent predicted, age, hospitalization within 2 years before baseline, body mass index, and sex (all P < 0.01). The probabilities of acquiring NTM or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were approximately 4% and 3% per year, respectively. Spirometry, exacerbations, and hospitalizations were similar, regardless of NTM status, except that annual exacerbations were lower in patients with NTM ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: Outcomes, including exacerbations, hospitalizations, rate of loss of lung function, and mortality rate, were similar across 5 years in patients with bronchiectasis with or without NTM.- Published
- 2024
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6. First They Came for Us All: Responding to Anti-Transgender Structural Violence With Collective, Community-Engaged, and Intersectional Health Equity Research and Advocacy.
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Thompson HM, Wang TM, Talan AJ, Baker KE, and Restar AJ
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- Humans, United States, Gender Identity, Transgender Persons, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Health Equity
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This article is a call for collective action across health equity researchers and advocates to build a more just world. We attempt to make sense of senseless structural and interpersonal brutality in the context of the current political climate across the United States, whereby the spectrum of gender nonconformity has been and continues to be stigmatized. From drag performance to transgender identities to gender-affirming health care, extremists have instrumentalized primary levers of democracy-the courts, legislatures, and social media-to attempt to outlaw and eradicate gender expansiveness and those who provide forms of support and care, including gender-affirming medical care, to transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive (TNBGE) individuals., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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7. Emerging Experiences with Virtual Clinical Ethics Consultation: Case Studies from the United States and Malaysia.
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Mubarak E, Kaur S, Min MTK, Hughes MT, Rushton CH, and Ali J
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- Humans, Malaysia, Pandemics, United States, Telemedicine, COVID-19, Ethics Consultation, Ethics, Clinical
- Abstract
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has inspired numerous opportunities for telehealth implementation to meet diverse healthcare needs, including the use of virtual communication platforms to facilitate the growth of and access to clinical ethics consultation (CEC) services across the globe. Here we discuss the conceptualization and implementation of two different virtual CEC services that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Clinical Ethics Malaysia COVID-19 Consultation Service and the Johns Hopkins Hospital Ethics Committee and Consultation Service. A common strength experienced by both platforms during virtual delivery included improved ability for local practitioners to address consultation needs for patient populations otherwise unable to access CEC services in their respective locations. Additionally, virtual platforms allowed for enhanced collaboration and sharing of expertise among ethics consultants. Both contexts encountered numerous challenges related to patient care delivery during the pandemic. The use of virtual technologies resulted in decreased personalization of patient-provider communication. We discuss these challenges with respect to contextual differences specific to each service and setting, including differences in CEC needs, sociocultural norms, resource availability, populations served, consultation service visibility, healthcare infrastructure, and funding disparities. Through lessons learned from a health system in the United States and a national service in Malaysia, we provide key recommendations for health practitioners and clinical ethics consultants to leverage virtual communication platforms to mitigate existing inequities in patient care delivery and increase capacity for CEC globally.
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- 2023
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8. Clinical outcomes of lingual fully customized vs labial straight wire systems : Assessment based on American Board of Orthodontics criteria.
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Ata-Ali F, Ata-Ali J, Lanuza-Garcia A, Ferrer-Molina M, Melo M, and Plasencia E
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- Humans, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Tongue, United States, Orthodontic Appliance Design, Orthodontic Brackets
- Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate orthodontic treatment outcome in patients treated with a lingual appliance (Incognito™ Appliance System, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) versus patients treated with a labial appliance (Victory series™, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA)., Methods: A total of 72 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The complexity of each case was evaluated using the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) Discrepancy Index (DI), and orthodontic clinical outcomes were evaluated using the ABO Objective Grading System (cast-radiograph evaluation: C‑R Eval)., Results: The mean total ABO C‑R Eval score was 16 ± 9.1 in the labial appliance group and 12.7 ± 5.4 in lingual appliance group (p = 0.152). The mean total ABO-DI scores were 16.3 ± 7.3 and 15.4 ± 6.6 in the labial and lingual appliance groups, respectively (p = 0.445). A significant correlation was observed between the total DI and total C‑R Eval scores., Conclusions: In this particular study and in the hands of two experienced orthodontists, no differences in the finishing quality of orthodontic treatments using the lingual technique or the buccal appliance technique were found. However, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are necessary in order to generalize these results.
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- 2021
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9. Highlights of American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2020: a virtual experience.
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Adão R and Marian AJ
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- American Heart Association, COVID-19 complications, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Humans, United States, COVID-19 epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases therapy, SARS-CoV-2
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- 2021
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10. Sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with testing for HIV and STIs in a US nationwide sample of transgender men who have sex with men.
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Antebi-Gruszka N, Talan AJ, Reisner SL, and Rendina HJ
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- Adolescent, Adult, Bisexuality, Condoms statistics & numerical data, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Sexually Transmitted Diseases diagnosis, United States, Unsafe Sex statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, HIV Infections diagnosis, Mass Screening statistics & numerical data, Sexual Behavior statistics & numerical data, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial diagnosis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral diagnosis, Transgender Persons
- Abstract
Objectives: Transgender men who have sex with men (TMSM) represent an understudied population in relation to screening for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We examined HIV and STI testing prevalence among TMSM along with the factors associated with testing in a diverse US nationwide sample of TMSM., Methods: Data from a cross-sectional online convenience sample of 192 TMSM were analysed using multivariable binary logistic regression models to examine the association between sociodemographic and behavioural factors and lifetime testing for HIV, bacterial STIs and viral STIs, as well as past year testing for HIV., Results: More than two-thirds of TMSM reported lifetime testing for HIV (71.4%), bacterial STIs (66.7%), and viral STIs (70.8%), and 60.9% had received HIV testing in the past year. Engaging in condomless anal sex with a casual partner whose HIV status is different or unknown and having fewer than two casual partners in the past 6 months were related to lower odds of lifetime HIV, bacterial STI, viral STI and past year HIV testing. Being younger in age was related to lower probability of testing for HIV, bacterial STIs and viral STIs. Furthermore, TMSM residing in the South were less likely to be tested for HIV and viral STIs in their lifetime, and for HIV in the past year. Finally, lower odds of lifetime testing for viral STIs was found among TMSM who reported no drug use in the past 6 months., Conclusions: These findings indicate that a notable percentage of TMSM had never tested for HIV and bacterial and viral STIs, though at rates only somewhat lower than among cisgender MSM despite similar patterns of risk behaviour. Efforts to increase HIV/STI testing among TMSM, especially among those who engage in condomless anal sex, are needed., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2020
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11. A 20-year multicenter analysis of dialysis-dependent patients who had aortic or mitral valve replacement: Implications for valve selection.
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Manghelli JL, Carter DI, Khiabani AJ, Gauthier JM, Moon MR, Munfakh NA, Damiano RJ, Corvera JS, and Melby SJ
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- Adult, Aortic Valve physiopathology, Clinical Decision-Making, Female, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation adverse effects, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation mortality, Hemodynamics, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic mortality, Kidney Failure, Chronic physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Mitral Valve physiopathology, Patient Selection, Prosthesis Design, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, United States, Aortic Valve surgery, Bioprosthesis, Heart Valve Prosthesis, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation instrumentation, Kidney Failure, Chronic therapy, Mitral Valve surgery, Renal Dialysis adverse effects, Renal Dialysis mortality
- Abstract
Objective: Valve selection in dialysis-dependent patients can be difficult because long-term survival is diminished and bleeding risks during anticoagulation treatment are greater in patients with renal failure. In this study we analyzed long-term outcomes of dialysis-dependent patients who underwent valve replacement to help guide optimal prosthetic valve type selection., Methods: Dialysis-dependent patients who underwent aortic and/or mitral valve replacement at 3 institutions over 20 years were examined. The primary outcome was long-term survival. A Cox regression model was used to estimate survival according to 5 ages, presence of diabetes, and/or heart failure symptoms., Results: Four hundred twenty-three available patients were analyzed; 341 patients had biological and 82 had mechanical valves. Overall complication and 30-day mortality rates were similar between the groups. Thirty-day readmission rates for biological and mechanical groups were 15% (50/341) and 28% (23/82; P = .005). Five-year survival was 23% and 33% for the biological and mechanical groups, respectively. After adjusting for age, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, and diabetes using a multivariable Cox regression model, survival was similar between groups (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-1.29; P = .8). A Cox regression model on the basis of age, diabetes, and heart failure, estimated that patients only 30 or 40 years old, with NYHA class I-II failure without diabetes had a >50% estimated 5-year survival (P < .001)., Conclusions: Dialysis-dependent patients who underwent valve replacement surgery had poor long-term survival. Young patients without diabetes or NYHA III or IV symptoms might survive long enough to justify placement of a mechanical valve; however, a biological valve is suitable for most patients., (Copyright © 2018 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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12. Promoting Diversity in the Clinical and Translational Research Workforce.
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Estape ES, Quarshie A, Segarra B, San Martin M, Ríos R, Martínez K, Ali J, Nwagwu U, Ofili E, and Pemu P
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- Benchmarking, Career Mobility, Cultural Diversity, Faculty organization & administration, Female, Financing, Organized statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, United States, Government Programs, Minority Groups, Personnel Selection methods, Translational Research, Biomedical education, Translational Research, Biomedical organization & administration, Workforce
- Abstract
The positive impact of diversity in increasing the effectiveness of the research workforce has been undeniably demonstrated to be an essential element for achieving health equity. Diversity is also instrumental for the research workforce to advance discovery, eliminate health disparities, improve minority health and achieve effective patient-centered outcomes in the quest for better health. One of the sustainable ways to achieve diversity in the workforce is through training, education and career development of all interested individuals including minority, underserved, underrepresented and populations with special needs. A Hispanic public, academic health center, and a historically black private medical school, have joined efforts in this article to share their experiences in addressing diversity in the clinical and translational research workforce with grant support from the National Institutes of Health. The purpose of this paper is to describe how diversity has been achieved through a concerted effort to recruit and develop underrepresented junior faculty and doctoral candidates for successful careers in clinical and translational research focused on health disparities and minority health. We describe Initiatives designed to achieve diversity in recruitment and development of research teams, together with an evaluation of outcomes to determine the success of the program and its participants., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2018
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13. Leishmania incidence and prevalence in U.S. hunting hounds maintained via vertical transmission.
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Toepp AJ, Schaut RG, Scott BD, Mathur D, Berens AJ, and Petersen CA
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- Animals, Dog Diseases epidemiology, Dogs, Female, Incidence, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Leishmaniasis epidemiology, Leishmaniasis parasitology, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Sensitivity and Specificity, United States epidemiology, Dog Diseases parasitology, Leishmania isolation & purification, Leishmaniasis veterinary
- Abstract
Leishmania is the causative agent of leishmaniasis, a deadly protozoan disease which affects over 1 million people each year. Autochthonous cases of canine leishmaniasis are generally associated with tropical and subtropical climatic zones. However, in 1999, U.S. hunting dogs were found to have leishmaniasis with no history of travel outside the country. Transmission of this disease was found to be primarily vertical. In endemic areas, dogs are a dominant domestic reservoir host for Leishmania infantum. This study evaluated L. infantum infection prevalence and incidence within US dogs tested over a nine-year span (2007-2015). This investigation used both passive and active surveillance, following an initial outbreak investigation by the Centers for Disease Control. L. infantum infection incidence and prevalence over time and across regions were examined to evaluate whether transmission was sufficient to maintain ongoing infection within this population. These studies also established whether this disease is becoming more or less prominent within this reservoir host, dogs. There was no significant difference between prevalence and incidence rates via as measured by passive vs. active surveillance. Although due to fluctuations in sample submission there were significant changes in both incidence and prevalence of L. infantum in US hunting dogs over this nine year span, these differences were not outside of the interquartile range and therefore there is likely to be a steady-state of transmission within U.S. dogs. Based on these findings, if vertical transmission is the primary means of L. infantum spread in U.S. dogs, with appropriate husbandry and infection control procedures, elimination of L. infantum from US dogs could be possible., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2017
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14. Perforated esophageal intervention focus (PERF) study: a multi-center examination of contemporary treatment.
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Ali JT, Rice RD, David EA, Spicer JD, Dubose JJ, Bonavina L, Siboni S, O'Callaghan TA, Luo-Owen X, Harrison S, Ball CG, Bini J, Vercruysse GA, Skarupa D, Miller CC III, Estrera AL, and Khalil KG
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Canada, Esophageal Perforation etiology, Esophagoscopy adverse effects, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications etiology, Postoperative Complications surgery, Reoperation statistics & numerical data, Retrospective Studies, Stents, Treatment Outcome, United States, Esophageal Perforation surgery, Esophagoscopy methods
- Abstract
The treatment of esophageal perforation (EP) remains a significant clinical challenge. While a number of investigators have previously documented efficient approaches, these were mostly single-center experiences reported prior to the introduction of newer technologies: specifically endoluminal stents. This study was designed to document contemporary practice in the diagnosis and management of EP at multiple institutions around the world and includes early clinical outcomes. A five-year (2009-2013) multicenter retrospective review of management and outcomes for patients with thoracic or abdominal esophageal perforation was conducted. Demographics, etiology, diagnostic modalities, treatments, subsequent early outcomes as well as morbidity and mortality were captured and analyzed. During the study period, 199 patients from 10 centers in the United States, Canada, and Europe were identified. Mechanisms of perforation included Boerhaave syndrome (60, 30.1%), iatrogenic injury (65, 32.6%), and penetrating trauma (25, 12.6%). Perforation was isolated to the thoracic segment alone in 124 (62.3%), with 62 (31.2%) involving the thoracoabdominal esophagus. Mean perforation length was 2.5 cm. Observation was selected as initial management in 65 (32.7%), with only two failures. Direct operative intervention was initial management in 65 patients (32.6%), while 29 (14.6%) underwent esophageal stent coverage. Compared to operative intervention, esophageal stent patients were significantly more likely to be older (61.3 vs. 48.3 years old, P < 0.001) and have sustained iatrogenic mechanisms of esophageal perforation (48.3% vs.15.4%). Secondary intervention requirement for patients with perforation was 33.7% overall (66). Complications included sepsis (56, 28.1%), pneumonia (34, 17.1%) and multi-organ failure (23, 11.6%). Overall mortality was 15.1% (30). In contemporary practice, diagnostic and management approaches to esophageal perforation vary widely. Despite the introduction of endoluminal strategies, it continues to carry a high risk of mortality, morbidity, and need for secondary intervention. A concerted multi-institutional, prospectively collected database is ideal for further investigation., (© The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2017
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15. Harms, benefits, and the nature of interventions in pragmatic clinical trials.
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Ali J, Andrews JE, Somkin CP, and Rabinovich CE
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- Humans, United States, Biomedical Research ethics, Biomedical Research standards, Clinical Trials as Topic ethics, Clinical Trials as Topic standards, Patient Safety standards, Patient Selection ethics, Research Design standards
- Abstract
To produce evidence capable of informing healthcare decision making at all critical levels, pragmatic clinical trials are diverse both in terms of the type of intervention (medical, behavioral, and/or technological) and the target of intervention (patients, clinicians, and/or healthcare system processes). Patients and clinicians may be called on to participate as designers, investigators, intermediaries, or subjects of pragmatic clinical trials. Other members of the healthcare team, as well as the healthcare system itself, also may be affected directly or indirectly before, during, or after study implementation. This diversity in the types and targets of pragmatic clinical trial interventions has brought into focus the need to consider whether existing ethics and regulatory principles, policies, and procedures are appropriate for pragmatic clinical trials. Specifically, further examination is needed to identify how the types and targets of pragmatic clinical trial interventions may influence the assessment of net potential risk, understood as the balance of potential harms and benefits. In this article, we build on scholarship seeking to align ethics and regulatory requirements with potential research risks and propose an approach to the assessment of net risks that is sensitive to the diverse nature of pragmatic clinical trial interventions. We clarify the potential harms, burdens, benefits, and advantages of common types of pragmatic clinical trial interventions and discuss implications for patients, clinicians, and healthcare systems., (© The Author(s) 2015.)
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- 2015
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16. Research ethics capacity development in Africa: exploring a model for individual success.
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Ali J, Hyder AA, and Kass NE
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- Adult, Africa South of the Sahara, Bioethics education, Education economics, Educational Status, Female, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, United States, Ethics, Research education, Publications statistics & numerical data, Research Support as Topic statistics & numerical data, Teaching statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
The Johns Hopkins-Fogarty African Bioethics Training Program (FABTP) has offered a fully-funded, one-year, non-degree training opportunity in research ethics to health professionals, ethics committee members, scholars, journalists and scientists from countries across sub-Saharan Africa. In the first 9 years of operation, 28 trainees from 13 African countries have trained with FABTP. Any capacity building investment requires periodic critical evaluation of the impact that training dollars produce. In this paper we describe and evaluate FABTP and the efforts of its trainees. Our data show that since 2001, the 28 former FABTP trainees have authored or co-authored 105 new bioethics-related publications; were awarded 33 bioethics-related grants; played key roles on 78 bioethics-related research studies; and participated in 198 bioethics workshops or conferences. Over the past nine years, trainees have collectively taught 48 separate courses related to bioethics and have given 170 presentations on various topics in the field. Many former trainees have pursued and completed doctoral degrees in bioethics; some have become editorial board members for bioethics journals. Female trainees were, on average, less experienced at matriculation and produced fewer post-training outputs than their male counterparts. More comprehensive studies are needed to determine the relationships between age, sex, previous experience and training program outputs., (© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)
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- 2012
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17. Advanced trauma life support, 8th edition, the evidence for change.
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Kortbeek JB, Al Turki SA, Ali J, Antoine JA, Bouillon B, Brasel K, Brenneman F, Brink PR, Brohi K, Burris D, Burton RA, Chapleau W, Cioffi W, Collet e Silva Fde S, Cooper A, Cortes JA, Eskesen V, Fildes J, Gautam S, Gruen RL, Gross R, Hansen KS, Henny W, Hollands MJ, Hunt RC, Jover Navalon JM, Kaufmann CR, Knudson P, Koestner A, Kosir R, Larsen CF, Livaudais W, Luchette F, Mao P, McVicker JH, Meredith JW, Mock C, Mori ND, Morrow C, Parks SN, Pereira PM, Pogetti RS, Ravn J, Rhee P, Salomone JP, Schipper IB, Schoettker P, Schreiber MA, Smith RS, Svendsen LB, Taha W, van Wijngaarden-Stephens M, Varga E, Voiglio EJ, Williams D, Winchell RJ, and Winter R
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- Clinical Competence, Curriculum trends, Emergency Medicine education, Emergency Treatment standards, Emergency Treatment trends, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Life Support Care trends, Male, Resuscitation education, Sensitivity and Specificity, Traumatology trends, United States, Curriculum standards, Education, Medical, Continuing, Life Support Care standards, Traumatology education, Wounds and Injuries therapy
- Abstract
The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma's Advanced Trauma Life Support Course is currently taught in 50 countries. The 8th edition has been revised following broad input by the International ATLS subcommittee. Graded levels of evidence were used to evaluate and approve changes to the course content. New materials related to principles of disaster management have been added. ATLS is a common language teaching one safe way of initial trauma assessment and management.
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- 2008
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18. Management of invasive aspergillosis in high-risk patients.
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Olyaei AJ
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- Antifungal Agents economics, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Aspergillosis economics, Aspergillus fumigatus isolation & purification, Cost of Illness, Education, Medical, Continuing, Humans, Lung Diseases, Fungal economics, Treatment Outcome, United States, Aspergillosis diagnosis, Aspergillosis drug therapy, Lung Diseases, Fungal diagnosis, Lung Diseases, Fungal drug therapy
- Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis can be difficult to diagnose and control, and conventional drug treatment is often highly toxic, producing medical complications that further compromise patients' health status and escalate health care costs. This article describes the clinical manifestations of Aspergillus infection and discusses approaches to its therapy, including newer pharmaceutical agents with fewer adverse effects, which offer the potential to improve outcomes and substantially lower the cost of treating aspergillosis.
- Published
- 2004
19. Multiinstitutional experience with the management of superior mesenteric artery injuries.
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Asensio JA, Britt LD, Borzotta A, Peitzman A, Miller FB, Mackersie RC, Pasquale MD, Pachter HL, Hoyt DB, Rodriguez JL, Falcone R, Davis K, Anderson JT, Ali J, and Chan L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chi-Square Distribution, Female, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Survival Rate, Trauma Severity Indices, Treatment Outcome, United States, Wounds, Nonpenetrating classification, Mesenteric Artery, Superior injuries, Wounds, Nonpenetrating mortality, Wounds, Nonpenetrating surgery
- Abstract
Background: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) injuries are rare and often lethal injuries incurring very high morbidity and mortality. The purposes of this study are to review a multiinstitutional experience with these injuries; to analyze Fullen's classification based on anatomic zone and ischemia grade for its predictive value; to correlate the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-Organ Injury Scale (AAST-OIS) for abdominal vascular injury with mortality; and to identify independent risk factors predictive of mortality, describing current trends for the management of this injury in America., Design: We performed a retrospective multiinstitutional study of patients sustaining SMA injuries involving 34 trauma centers in the US over 10 years. Outcomes variables, both continuous and dichotomous, were analyzed initially with univariate methods. For the subsequent multivariate analysis, stepwise logistic regression was used to identify a set of risk factors significantly associated with mortality., Results: There were 250 patients enrolled, with a mean Revised Trauma Score (RTS) of 6.44 and a mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 25. Surgical management consisted of ligation in 175 of 244 patients (72%), primary [corrected] repair in 53 of 244 patients (22%), autogenous grafts were used in 10 of 244 (4%), and prosthetic grafts of PTFE in 6 of 244 patients (2%). Overall mortality was 97 of 250 patients (39%). Mortality versus Fullen's zones: zone I, 39 of 51 (76.5%); zone II, 15 of 34 (44.1%); zone III, 11 of 40 (27.5%); and zone IV, 25 of 108 (23.1%). Mortality versus Fullen's ischemia grade: grade 1, 22 of 34 (64.7%). Mortality versus AAST-OIS for abdominal vascular injury: grade I, 9 of 55 (16.4%); grade II, 13 of 51 (25.5%); grade III, 8 of 20 (40%); grade IV, 37 of 69 (53.6%); and grade V, 17 of 19 (89.5%). Logistic regression analysis identified as independent risk factors for mortality the following: transfusion of greater than 10 units of packed RBCs, intraoperative acidosis, dysrhythmias, injury to Fullen's zone I or II, and multisystem organ failure., Conclusion: SMA injuries are highly lethal. Fullen's anatomic zones, ischemia grade, and AAST-OIS abdominal vascular injuries correlate well with mortality. Injuries to Fullen's zones I and II, Fullen's maximal ischemia grade, and AAST-OIS injury grades IV and V, high-intraoperative transfusion requirements, and presence of acidosis and disrhythmias are significant predictors of mortality. All of these predictive factors for mortality must be taken into account in the surgical management of these injuries.
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- 2001
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20. Overcoming language barriers when teaching the Advanced Trauma Life Support course.
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Ali J, Freyfogle EB, Parker RJ, Bell RM, Maimaris C, Krantz BE, and Hughes IS
- Subjects
- Humans, Language, United States, Communication Barriers, Life Support Care methods, Translations, Traumatology education, Wounds and Injuries therapy
- Published
- 1997
Catalog
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