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The effectiveness of NAD/NARB as a self-regulatory mechanism is evaluated under "consumer advocacy" and "advertising advocacy" models. Based on past research and a content analysis of NAD case summaries, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made. The NAD/NARB has been an effective force for improving advertising given the existing constraints of severe budget limitations and industry expectations, but certain trends toward conservatism and stronger industry orientation are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research showing inconsistent effects of corrective advertising on company image is described. Examination of four waves of national telephone surveys over the course of the Listerine corrective campaign shows a small but significant drop in company image. Suggestions for future research are offered along with policy implications of the Listerine results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a real need for sound, operational models which provide for improved product line evaluation and decision making. This article critically examines one such model, which was presented in the April 1972 issue of the JOURNAL OF MARKETING. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In January 2007, English international soccer star David Beckham announced to a global media that he would be leaving the Spanish giants Real Madrid to join Major League Soccer's (MLS) Los Angeles Galaxy. MLS Commissioner Don Garber feted Beckham as a global sporting icon whose presence attested to America's gradual transformation into a 'Soccer Nation.' However, following LA Galaxy's acquisition, a debate surrounding soccer's previous failure to compete at the highest echelons of American professional sport reappeared. Academic and journalistic commentators identified a number of obstacles—historical, socioeconomic and ideological—that have prevented soccer from gaining a foothold in the United States sporting market and therein becoming a credible adversary to the holy trinity of Gridiron Football, Baseball, and Basketball. This article, drawing upon Ian Hacking's prescriptions for Historical Ontology (2002) and thereby foregrounding issues of identity and power, seeks to analyse the impediments that have marked soccer's development in the United States and that led to the recruitment of Beckham as the sporting celebrity-cum-commercial juggernaut intended to bring MLS to the attention of a mass audience—variegated in terms of class, 'race,' and gender—so coveted by leaders of the organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]