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Introduction: In academic health centers, the number of physician investigators and the number of research studies headed by clinicians has been declining. The U.S. Institute of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health suggest improved mentoring is important to reversing these trends. Methods: This is a case study review of the role of mentors in developing and sustaining clinical investigators at the Cleveland Clinic. Results: Issues influencing mentoring relationships at the Cleveland Clinic include whether mentoring contracts are formally or informally related and are agreed on; whether there are scheduled meetings for mentors and protégés; whether there are clearly articulated benchmarks and manageable steps; and whether there is a code of mentorship. Conclusions: Interactive group formats can lead to development of a code of mentorship and increased awareness of faculty regarding clinical investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility of implementing and evaluating a culturally appropriate in-patient asthma education program specifically targeted for African-Americans. A consecutive sample of 28 African-American patients ages 18-50 who were hospitalized for asthma were randomized to an intervention group, which received three one-on-one sessions on chronic asthma management, or a control group, which received the usual care. Data on symptom frequency, self-management behaviors, quality of life, depression, and health care resource use were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Although the time required to recruit our sample took longer than anticipated, 28 subjects agreed to be in the study (70% acceptance rate) and complete the baseline interview. We observed no statistically significant differences from baseline or changing trends in frequency of asthma symptoms, self-management behaviors, and health care resource use between the intervention and control groups at 3 and 6 months. However, patients in the intervention group demonstrated a greater average increase in asthma-related quality of life and a greater average decrease in depression than the control group. Feasibility issues included shortened length of stay, which necessitated conducting all three self-management sessions together, multiple interruptions during the sessions, and retention issues at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. The lessons learned from this pilot study are invaluable in that they will enable us to make changes in our existing protocol to ensure the success of a larger clinical trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demands of providing care to impaired older adults frequently results in strain and depressive symptomatology. These outcomes of caregiving may be affected by social support such as home health care. Forty-nine caregivers to impaired older adults receiving home health care and 51 caregivers not receiving home health care were interviewed soon after identification by hospital personnel and 3 months later. Strain and depressive symptomatology were not significantly lower and positive caregiving appraisal was not significantly higher for caregivers receiving home health care even when controlling for their pretest measures. Strain and depressive symptomatology were significantly higher for caregivers of cognitively impaired persons. Home health care nurses need to identify those caregivers at greater risk to individualize services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]