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Purpose: PhD graduates are entering an increasing range of careers, but past research has highlighted a lack of preparation for these careers. This study aims to explore the reflections of PhD graduates from science and humanities and social science disciplines regarding support for career development (CD) during their study. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design and collected 136 survey responses and interviewed 21 PhD graduates from two US and one New Zealand universities to investigate their career readiness. Using the lens of Cognitive Information Processing theory, the authors explored the development of self-knowledge and career options-knowledge, and how support at the macro (institutional), meso (departmental) and micro (supervisors) levels influenced CD. Findings: During doctoral study, there was very poor engagement with CD activities. Graduates displayed limited self-knowledge and poor knowledge about career options. Graduates reported drawing mainly on their departments and supervisors for career guidance. Although there were pockets of good practice, some departments were perceived as promoting academia as the only successful outcome, neglecting to support other possible pathways. Some graduates reported excellent supervisor support for CD, but others described disinterest or a damaging response if students said they were not wanting to pursue academia. Originality/value: The enabling aspects for developing self- and options-knowledge are collated into a conceptual model, which identifies key factors at institutional, departmental and supervisor levels, as well as for PhD students themselves.

Introduction: Open access to digital research output is increasing, but academic library policies can place restrictions on public access to libraries. This paper reports on a preliminary study to investigate the correlation between academic library access policies and institutional positions of openness to knowledge. Method: This primarily qualitative study used document and data analysis to examine the content of library access or use policies of twelve academic institutions in eight countries. The outcomes were statistically correlated with institutional open access publication policies and practices. Analysis: We used an automated search tool together with manual searching to retrieve Web-based library access policies, then categorised and counted the levels and conditions of public access. We compared scores for institutional library access feature with open access features and percentages of open access publications. Results: Academic library policies may suggest open public access but multi-layered user categories, privileges and fees charged can inhibit such access, with disparities in openness emerging between library policies and institutional open access policies. Conclusion: As open access publishing options and mandates expand, physical entry and access to print and electronic resources in academic libraries is contracting. This conflicts with global library and information commitments to open access to knowledge.

Pre COVID-19 there were a growing number of opportunities for study abroad across higher education in the United States, (Rosch & Haber-Curran, 2013; Martinez, 2012). This paper aims to examine phenomena surrounding outcomes of student abroad experiences while centering students' leadership learning. Centering leadership learning as a framework, findings indicate participants in the study grew in the of areas of leadership efficacy and capacity through the short-term study abroad.

Context: Early identification of incoming military personnel at elevated odds for bone stress injury (BSI) is important for the health and readiness of the US military. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Knee kinematic data of the incoming US Military Academy cadets were collected while performing a jump-landing task (The Landing Error Scoring System) using a markerless motion capture system and depth camera. Data on incidence of lower-extremity injury, including BSI, were collected throughout the study period. Results: A total of 1905 participants (452 females, 23.7%) were examined for knee valgus and BSI status. A total of 50 BSI occurred during the study period (incidence proportion = 2.6%). The unadjusted odds ratio for BSI at initial contact was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–1.14; P =.49). Adjusted for sex, the odds ratio for BSI at initial contact was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.87–1.06; P =.47). At the instant of maximum knee-flexion angle, the unadjusted odds ratio was 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02–1.10; P =.01), and the odds ratio was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.98–1.07; P =.29) after adjusting for sex. This suggests that there was not a significant enough association for an increase in the odds of BSI based on either degree of knee valgus. Conclusions: Our results did not demonstrate an association between knee valgus angle data during a jump-landing task and future increased odds of BSI in a military training population. Further analysis is warranted, but the results suggests the association between kinematics and BSI cannot be effectively screened by knee valgus angle data in isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most, if not all, animal rescues, sanctuaries, zoos, and aquariums experienced financial distress. This stress had an impact on the welfare of animals and their human caretakers, an issue important to ecological social work. We draw on a novel dataset (n = 2,060) to assess support for policies to extend emergency funding to animal support and conservation organizations in extreme events. We find that, on average women and nonbinary individuals, those with more education, people who have pets, people who are concerned about other humans (humanistic altruism), and those who have greater concern for animals report greater support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the Minamata Convention on Mercury and efforts to phase down dental amalgam use, tracking dental amalgam proportions across US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–identified at-risk populations is of interest to optimize material selection aligned with patient needs. A retrospective observational study of Epic's Cosmos electronic health records data set was conducted to calculate the rates of dental amalgam restorations from 2017 through 2023 and stratified using the social vulnerability index (quartile 4 indicates the highest social vulnerability and quartile 1 indicates the lowest) and payer type (Medicare, Medicaid, self-pay, miscellaneous or other). The authors included the following FDA-identified at-risk populations: pregnant people, children younger than 6 years, people with preexisting neurologic conditions, and people with impaired kidney function (n = 1,897,976). The overall rate of dental amalgam restoration placements in the general population declined from 21.8% in 2017 to 4.1% in 2023. Dental amalgam restoration trends, according to social vulnerability index quartile and payer type, decreased consistently across all 4 evaluated populations. Of all the social vulnerability index quartiles, quartile 4, representing the most socially vulnerable group, had the smallest decrease in dental amalgam placement rates among the FDA-identified populations examined. The study results showed a decreasing trend in dental amalgam restorations from 2017 through 2023 among FDA-identified populations, consistent with the Minamata Convention on Mercury directive for a phasedown in dental amalgam use. Notwithstanding improvements, lingering disparities persist among the most vulnerable population. Even within the groups identified as most vulnerable to harm, more targeted interventions and strategies are required to improve treatment among the most socially vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The United States lacks a national interfacility patient transfer coordination system. During the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many hospitals were overwhelmed and faced difficulties transferring sick patients, leading some states and cities to form transfer centers intended to assist sending facilities. In this study we aimed to explore clinician experiences with newly implemented transfer coordination centers. Methods: This mixed-methods study used a brief national survey along with in-depth interviews. The American College of Emergency Physicians Emergency Medicine Practice Research Network (EMPRN) administered the national survey in March 2021. From September–December 2021, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with administrators and rural emergency clinicians in Arizona and New Mexico, two states that started transfer centers during COVID-19. Results: Among 141 respondents (of 765, 18.4% response rate) to the national EMPRN survey, only 30% reported implementation or expansion of a transfer coordination center during COVID-19. Those with new transfer centers reported no change in difficulty of patient transfers during COVID-19 while those without had increased difficulty. The 17 qualitative interviews expanded upon this, revealing four major themes: 1) limited resources for facilitating transfers even before COVID-19; 2) increased number of and distance to transfer partners during the COVID-19 pandemic; 3) generally positive impacts of transfer centers on workflow, and 4) the potential for continued use of centers to facilitate transfers. Conclusion: Transfer centers may have offset pandemic-related transfer challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians who frequently need to transfer patients may particularly benefit from ongoing access to such transfer coordination services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States is a leading producer of pecans globally. Despite significant contributions to the nation's gross domestic product, little food safety guidance currently exists for pecan shellers. This survey identified typical food safety practices for a subset of North American pecan shellers. A 24-question Qualtrics online survey was distributed to shellers directly or through Cooperative Extension, commodity group, or association avenues. More than half of pecan shellers had a food safety plan in place (56.5%, 13/23) and treated in-shell pecans with hot water or steam (56.5%, 13/23), but these practices tended to be associated with operation size. A majority of the shellers conditioned in-shell pecans in water (73.9%, 17/23), but the time varied between <1 h (50.0%, 8/16), 1-2 h (6.3%; 1/16), 3-4 h (12.5%; 2/16), and >4 h (31.2%, 5/16). Of the shellers that condition in-shell pecans, 58.8% (10/17) reported using a sanitizer in the conditioning water. Chlorine-based sanitizers (chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, and calcium hypochlorite) were the most commonly used in conditioning water. Most shellers did not use a kill-step to treat pecan kernels (82.6%, 19/23). Findings from this survey can lead to the development of targeted food safety resources for use by the pecan industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that postsecondary institutions are increasingly seen as sites to promote health, critical scholars are calling attention to how the contemporary Western weight-centred health paradigm reinforces a "size matters" message that is fueling harmful attitudes towards and judgments of bodies. As such, research that highlights strategies to promote safe teaching and learning environments for students and faculty, regardless of body shape and size, is of utmost importance. Through 26 participant interviews, this study examines the experiences of critical obesity scholars who teach courses that engage critical approaches to obesity, fatness, and body size. The findings of this study shed light on the developing field of critical obesity scholarship, the types of challenges faced by critical obesity scholars in higher education, and how these scholars are building community as a way of coping with challenges facing the emerging field.

The objective of this design case is to describe a cross-cultural, online graph-oriented collaborative argumentation tool for middle school students from a faculty expert's perspective, and discuss the processes that were instrumental in creating the tool. Supported by the professional staff in the Digital Convergence Lab (DCL) at Northern Illinois University, a student team was involved in the design process of such a tool. The team designed two versions of graphic icons to represent the essential elements of argumentation skills. The first version of icon designs used human figures and symbols to represent two groups, five argumentation elements, and one icon for teacher input. After middle school students, in the United States and Taiwan, experienced the icon designs, the design team refined them to be gender and culturally neutral. The design team also modified the design of the user interface throughout the project.

Attitudes to sign languages or language policies are often not overtly discussed or recorded but they influence deaf young people's educational opportunities and outcomes. Two qualitative studies from Scotland investigate the provision of British Sign Language as accommodation in public examinations. The first explores the views of deaf pupils and staff about the official system for face-to-face interpretation of exam papers. The second investigates a centrally translated digital paper with embedded video questions. Discussion focuses on contrasts between the USA and UK approaches to accommodations, raising issues of standardized technical terms in signed languages, the right to respond in sign, and candidate choice.

BACKGROUND: Test selection during the return to sport evaluation is an important aspect of ensuring athletes are safe to return to competition. OBJECTIVE: To assess the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of two new single leg hamstring bridge tests (SLHBT) and the relationships between these new tests and isokinetic strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings. METHODS: Thirty healthy college students completed the study. Two testing sessions were held three to seven days apart. Session one, participants performed two SLHBT as well as concentric isokinetic strength tests for the hamstring and quadriceps at 60, 180 and 300∘/sec. The participants performed only the two SLHBT during the second session. The first SLHBT, participants performed as many repetitions as possible of the SLHBT in 30-sec, while the second test measured how quickly the participants could perform five repetitions. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC2,1) were used to assess test-retest reliability while ICC(3,1) were used to test inter-rater reliability. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability for the SLHBTs was moderate to good, with ICC(2,1) ranging from 0.68 to 0.75, while the inter-rater reliability were excellent with ICC(3,1) all above 0.98. There were significant correlations between the SLHBT and the isokinetic tests, but all correlations were low to moderate. CONCLUSION: This study found good to excellent reliability with the new SLHBT and poor to moderate correlations were noted Therefore, SLHBT may not be an alternative to test hamstring test during the RTS evaluation due to the multiple compensatory strategies athletes may have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite disproportionate rates of mental ill-health compared with non-Indigenous populations, few programs have been tailored to the unique health, social, and cultural needs and preferences of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males. This paper describes the process of culturally adapting the US-based Young Black Men, Masculinities, and Mental Health (YBMen) Project to suit the needs, preferences, culture, and circumstances of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males aged 16–25 years in the Northern Territory, Australia. YBMen is an evidence-based social media-based education and support program designed to promote mental health, expand understandings of gender and cultural identities, and enhance social support in college-aged Black men. Methods: Our adaptation followed an Extended Stages of Cultural Adaptation model. First, we established a rationale for adaptation that included assessing the appropriateness of YBMen's core components for the target population. We then investigated important and appropriate models to underpin the adapted program and conducted a non-linear, iterative process of gathering information from key sources, including young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males, to inform program curriculum and delivery. Results: To maintain program fidelity, we retained the core curriculum components of mental health, healthy masculinities, and social connection and kept the small cohort, private social media group delivery but developed two models: 'online only' (the original online delivery format) and 'hybrid in-person/online' (combining online delivery with weekly in-person group sessions). Adaptations made included using an overarching Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional wellbeing framework and socio-cultural strengths-based approach; inclusion of modules on health and wellbeing, positive Indigenous masculinities, and respectful relationships; use of Indigenous designs and colours; and prominent placement of images of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male sportspeople, musicians, activists, and local role models. Conclusions: This process resulted in a culturally responsive mental health, masculinities, and social support health promotion program for young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males. Next steps will involve pilot testing to investigate the adapted program's acceptability and feasibility and inform further refinement. Keywords: Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, Indigenous, Australia, male, cultural adaptation, social media, mental health, masculinities, social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We aimed to determine if pre-existing immunocompromising conditions (ICCs) were associated with the presentation or outcome of patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted for pediatric intensive care. Methods Fifty-five hospitals in 30 US states reported cases through the Overcoming COVID-19 public health surveillance registry. Patients <21 years admitted 12 March 2020–30 December 2021 to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) or high-acuity unit for acute COVID-19 were included. Results Of 1274 patients, 105 (8.2%) had an ICC, including 33 (31.4%) hematologic malignancies, 24 (22.9%) primary immunodeficiencies and disorders of hematopoietic cells, 19 (18.1%) nonmalignant organ failure with solid-organ transplantation, 16 (15.2%) solid tumors, and 13 (12.4%) autoimmune disorders. Patients with ICCs were older, had more underlying renal conditions, and had lower white blood cell and platelet counts than those without ICCs, but had similar clinical disease severity upon admission. In-hospital mortality from COVID-19 was higher (11.4% vs 4.6%, P =.005) and hospitalization was longer (P =.01) in patients with ICCs. New major morbidities upon discharge were not different between those with and without ICC (10.5% vs 13.9%, P =.40). In patients with ICCs, bacterial coinfection was more common in those with life-threatening COVID-19. Conclusions In this national case series of patients <21 years of age with acute COVID-19 admitted for intensive care, existence of a prior ICCs were associated with worse clinical outcomes. Reassuringly, most patients with ICCs hospitalized in the PICU for severe acute COVID-19 survived and were discharged home without new severe morbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite empirical evidence documenting its harms and substantial legislative efforts to ban its practice, conversion therapy remains a tragically prevalent practice in the United States. Recently, a circuit split between the Ninth and Eleventh Circuits has developed, raising questions about the future of conversion therapy regulation. This Note takes a retrospective look at the last ten years of conversion therapy bans and related legal challenges, questions the effectiveness of enacted bans, and explores routes for more effective regulation. This Note ultimately argues that conversion therapy bans must shift their focus to the regulation of unlicensed practitioners in order to better protect minors from the empirically demonstrated harms of conversion therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Academic emergency medicine (EM) is foundational to the EM specialty through the development of new knowledge and clinical training of resident physicians. Despite recent increased attention to the future of the EM workforce, no evaluations have specifically characterized the U.S. academic EM workforce. We sought to estimate the national proportion of emergency physicians (EPs) identified as academic and the proportion of emergency department (ED) visits that take place at academic sites. Methods: We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of EPs and EDs using data from the American Hospital Association, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and Doximity's Residency Navigator. EPs were identified as "academic" if they were affiliated with at least one facility determined to be academic, defined as EDs officially designated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) as clinical training sites at accredited EM residency programs. Our primary outcomes were to estimate the national proportion of EPs identified as academic and the proportion of ED visits performed at academic sites. Results: Our analytic sample included 26,937 EPs practicing clinically across 4920 EDs and providing care during 130,471,386 ED visits. Among EPs, 11,720 (43.5%) were identified as academic, and among EDs, 635 (12.9%) were identified as academic sites, including 585 adult/general sites, 45 pediatric‐specific sites, and 10 sites affiliated with the Department of Veterans Affairs. In 2021, academic EDs provided care for 42,794,106 ED visits or 32.8% of all ED visits nationally. Conclusions: Approximately four in 10 EPs practice in at least one clinical training site affiliated with an ACGME‐accredited EM residency program, and approximately one in three ED visits nationally occur in these academic EDs. We encourage further work using alternative definitions of an academic EPs and EDs, along with longitudinal research to identify trends in the workforce's composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socioeconomic disparities in academic progress have persisted throughout the history of the United States, and growth mindset interventions—which shift beliefs about the malleability of intelligence—have shown promise in reducing these disparities. Both the study of such disparities and how to remedy them can benefit from taking the “long view” on adolescent development, following the tradition of John Schulenberg. To do so, this study focuses on the role of growth mindsets in short‐term academic progress during the transition to high school as a contributor to longer‐term educational attainment. Guided by the Mindset × Context perspective, we analyzed new follow‐up data to a one‐year nationally representative study of ninth graders (National Study of Learning Mindsets, n = 10,013; 50% female; 53% white; 63% from lower‐SES backgrounds). A conservative Bayesian analysis revealed that adolescents' growth mindset beliefs at the beginning of ninth grade predicted their enrollment in college 4 years later. These patterns were stronger for adolescents from lower‐SES backgrounds, and there was some evidence that the ninth‐grade math teacher's support for the growth mindset moderated student mindset effects. Thus, a time‐specific combination of student and teacher might alter long‐term trajectories by enabling adolescents to develop and use beliefs at a critical transition point that supports a cumulative pathway of course‐taking and achievement into college. Notably, growth mindset became less predictive of college enrollment after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, which occurred in the second year of college and introduced structural barriers to college persistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early medical attention after concussion may minimize symptom duration and burden; however, many concussions are undiagnosed or have a delay in diagnosis after injury. Many concussion symptoms (eg, headache, dizziness) are not visible, meaning that early identification is often contingent on individuals reporting their injury to medical staff. A fundamental understanding of the types and levels of factors that explain when concussions are reported can help identify promising directions for intervention. Purpose: To identify individual and institutional factors that predict immediate (vs delayed) injury reporting. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data from the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium study. The sample included 3213 collegiate athletes and military service academy cadets who were diagnosed with a concussion during the study period. Participants were from 27 civilian institutions and 3 military institutions in the United States. Machine learning techniques were used to build models predicting who would report an injury immediately after a concussive event (measured by an athletic trainer denoting the injury as being reported "immediately" or "at a delay"), including both individual athlete/cadet and institutional characteristics. Results: In the sample as a whole, combining individual factors enabled prediction of reporting immediacy, with mean accuracies between 55.8% and 62.6%, depending on classifier type and sample subset; adding institutional factors improved reporting prediction accuracies by 1 to 6 percentage points. At the individual level, injury-related altered mental status and loss of consciousness were most predictive of immediate reporting, which may be the result of observable signs leading to the injury report being externally mediated. At the institutional level, important attributes included athletic department annual revenue and ratio of athletes to athletic trainers. Conclusion: Further study is needed on the pathways through which institutional decisions about resource allocation, including decisions about sports medicine staffing, may contribute to reporting immediacy. More broadly, the relatively low accuracy of the machine learning models tested suggests the importance of continued expansion in how reporting is understood and facilitated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the meanings that Black women associate with long-distance running and how these meanings informed their digital practice, specifically the content they distributed through #blackgirlsrun on Instagram. Drawing from 12 semi-structured phone interviews and participant observation data, this project exemplifies how Black women in the United States utilize social media to create knowledges and cultivate communities that center their health and well-being. The participants regarded long-distance running as an anchor practice, or an activity that simultaneously enriches multiple dimensions of one's well-being and prompts additional healthy behaviors. The thematic analysis revealed that the participants distributed posts through #blackgirlsrun on Instagram to: (a) invite Black women Instagram users to identify as runners; (b) disrupt running stereotypes; and (c) facilitate generational well-being. The significance of these findings as they relate to Black women's well-being and digital practice are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coproduction represents an inclusive approach for developing decision‐support resources because it seeks to integrate scientific knowledge and end‐user needs. Unfortunately, spatial decision support systems (SDSS) coproduction has sometimes resulted in limited utility for end‐users, partially due to scarce SDSS coproduction guidance. To initiate coproduction, we held a series of workshops to co‐design a spatial conservation prioritization tool for sagebrush ecosystems in the western United States. We share four themes derived from participant feedback and our reflections to guide future SDSS codesign efforts. We found end‐user confidence in data inputs and transparency regarding SDSS assumptions generated trust. Workshop participants noted our virtual format, with smaller break‐out groups, effectively facilitated discussions. Ultimately, end‐users appreciated the conservation context provided by regional‐scale SDSS but preferred local‐scale prioritization efforts for site‐level planning. Therefore, we are shifting ongoing co‐design efforts to consider local‐scale tool development, which can scale up to larger geographic extents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Strict social distancing public health measures to decrease COVID-19 spread increased social distancing stress. However, differences in social distancing stress by anxiety/depression symptoms are understudied, especially based on COVID-19 diagnosis status, gender identity, and immigration status. We examined whether the association between social distancing stress and anxiety/depression symptoms was moderated by COVID-19 diagnosis status, gender identity, and immigration status. We further examined the associations of social distancing stress with anxiety/depression symptoms, gender identity, and immigration status among individuals with and without COVID-19. Methods: We utilized data from a national cross-sectional survey among adults aged ≥ 18 years in the United States between May 13, 2021, and January 9, 2022 (n = 5,255). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations. Results: The prevalence of social distancing stress was higher among individuals with COVID-19 (79.23%) than among those without COVID-19 (67.51%). We observed significant associations between social distancing stress and anxiety/depression symptoms, moderated by COVID-19 diagnosis status, immigration status, and gender identity, respectively. Anxiety/depression symptoms were associated with social distancing stress among both individuals with and without COVID-19. Gender identity and immigration status were associated with social distancing stress among only individuals without COVID-19. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the association between social distancing stress and anxiety/depression varied by COVID-19 diagnosis status, gender identity, and immigration status. The findings underscore the need for more targeted psychological distress strategies to reduce social distancing stress and anxiety/depression among diverse US populations, while considering the impacts of COVID-19 diagnosis status, gender identity, and immigration status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate classification is a commonly used tool to simplify, visualize and make sense of an otherwise unwieldy amount of climate data in applied climate science research. Typically, these classifications have stemmed from one of two perspectives, either a circulation‐to‐environment (C2E) approach, or an environment‐to‐circulation approach (E2C), each with advantages and drawbacks. This research discusses a novel environment‐to‐circulation‐to‐environment (ECE) perspective to applied climate classification, and develops a specific ECE methodology that utilizes canonical correlation and discriminant analysis—the CANDECE method. The benefits of the ECE approach generally, and the CANDECE methodology specifically, are demonstrated in applying climate classification to aid in modelling anomalous water levels (AWLs) along portions of the East and West coasts of the United States. Results show that the CANDECE method performs better than two traditional classification methods (k‐means and self‐organizing maps [SOMs]) at relating AWLs to their broad‐scale atmospheric setups, especially with regard to both high and low extreme AWLs. It is further demonstrated that, compared with the West coast, the CANDECE method is particularly advantageous along the southeastern US coast, where the primary modes of atmospheric variability (which drive the classifications produced by SOMs and k‐means) do not align with the relevant circulation‐based factors driving AWL variability. While AWLs were utilized for demonstrating the ECE proof‐of‐concept herein, ECE and CANDECE are designed to be useful for any climate application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining healthy behaviors is challenging. Based upon previous reports that in North Carolina (NC), USA, overweight/obese clergy lost weight during a two-year religiously tailored health intervention, we described trajectories of diet, physical activity, and sleep. We investigated whether behavior changes were associated with weight and use of health-promoting theological messages. Improvements were observed in sleep, calorie-dense food intake, and physical activity, with the latter two associated with weight loss. While theological messages were well-retained, their relationship with behaviors depended on the specific message, behavior, and timing. Findings offer insights into weight loss mechanisms, including the role of theological messages in religiously tailored health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fair Work Act (2009) in Australia deregulates "work" in work-integrated learning (WIL) by distinguishing "vocational placement" from "employee". Following concerns about the legal position of WIL and work experience, the Fair Work Ombudsman (FWO) published a fact sheet and commenced a joint research project into unpaid work practices. Nevertheless, the student remains vulnerable to exploitation. This article examines, through the lenses of flexibility and worker protection, the labor regulation of WIL and work experience in Australia and the United States. In particular, the author argues that deregulation in Australia and the legal uncertainty surrounding work experience is inconsistent with the protective function of labor law. Drawing on this examination as well as Australian migration law, the author recommends that the Fair Work Act (2009) be amended to strengthen the criteria for "vocational placement" and to provide a definition of "work experience" in the interests of a balanced regulatory framework. [Papers included in this "Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education" ("APJCE") Special Issue stem from selected manuscripts from the Australian Collaborative Education Network Annual Conference 2012.]

Confronted with the challenge of increasing globalization, the institution of education needs to answer the call and become better equipped with global dimensions in today's globally interdependent world. The internationalization of education should not remain as an optional attribute of education; rather, it is integral. In addition to emphasizing the essentiality of internationalizing education, this article, employing narrative inquiry, tells of the storied experiences of Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Houston, as well as the two authors in internationalizing education through a variety of China's experiences. It is hoped that this article can serve as an appeal to a more articulate commitment to internationalizing education from colleagues of education worldwide.

Technology education is a field of study that seeks to promote technological literacy for all students. Wright and Lauda defined technology education as a program designed to help students "develop an understanding and competence in designing, producing, and using technological products and systems, and in assessing the appropriateness of technological actions." In recent years there has been a growing emphasis in the literature of technology education not only on the process of problem solving but also, more recently, on the integration of subject matter from various disciplines within those activities. Engineering design is not simply a frequent topic in the literature of technology education; it has already begun to be included in the curriculum in some areas. Conceptually, there are close ties between engineering and the field of public education known as technology education since "both engineering and technology treat solving practical problems as their philosophical nucleus." The purpose of this study was to address the question: What are the essential aspects and related academic concepts of an engineering design process in secondary technology education curriculum for the purpose of developing technological literacy? (Contains 4 tables.)

This qualitative study explored the verbal and art making responses of Japanese-American elders who experienced the trauma of internment during World War II. Six Nisei (second generation Japanese-Americans) were asked to recall memories of their experiences during and immediately following internment; 3 of the participants also created art images that enhanced memories and evoked emotion. From an in-depth review of the data, the authors identify seven prominent themes: (a) stressful living conditions in camp, (b) art and creativity for camp survival, (c) loss and deprivation, (d) separation or division of family and community ties, (e) disruption of identity, (f) resilience and reaffirmation of values, and (g) the need for legacy and social justice. The study found that participants' internalized shame from being labeled "enemy aliens" has evolved into an externalized concern for discriminatory actions against minority groups that are marginalized by war. (Contains 6 figures.)

Context: Ankle sprains result in pain and disability. While factors such as body mass and prior injury contribute to subsequent injury, the association of the number of ankle sprains on body anthropometrics and self-reported function are unclear in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to assess differences in anthropometric measurements and self-reported function between the number of ankle sprains utilizing a large, pooled data set. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Data were pooled from 14 studies (total N = 412) collected by the Chronic Ankle Instability Outcomes Network. Participants were categorized by the number of self-reported sprains. Anthropometric data and self-reported function were compared between those who reported a single versus >1 ankle sprain as well as among groups of those who had 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 ankle sprains, respectively. Results: Those who had >1 ankle sprain had higher mass (P = .001, d = 0.33) and body mass index (P = .002, d = 0.32) and lower Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Activities of Daily Living (P < .001, r = .22), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sport (P < .001, r = .33), and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (P < .001, r = .34) scores compared to the single ankle sprain group. Those who had a single ankle sprain weighed less than those who reported ≥5 sprains (P = .008, d = 0.42) and had a lower body mass index than those who reported 2 sprains (P = .031, d = 0.45). Conclusions: Some individuals with a history of multiple ankle sprains had higher body mass and self-reported disability compared to those with a single sprain, factors that are likely interrelated. Due to the potential for long-term health concerns associated with ankle sprains, clinicians should incorporate patient education and interventions that promote physical activity, healthy dietary intake, and optimize function as part of comprehensive patient-centered care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For patients with medically refractory epilepsy, newer minimally invasive techniques such as laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) have been developed in recent years. This study aims to characterize trends in the utilization of surgical resection versus LITT to treat medically refractory epilepsy, characterize complications, and understand the cost of this innovative technique to the public. The National Inpatient Sample database was queried from 2016 to 2019 for all patients admitted with a diagnosis of medically refractory epilepsy. Patient demographics, hospital length of stay, complications, and costs were tabulated for all patients who underwent LITT or surgical resection within these cohorts. A total of 6019 patients were included, 223 underwent LITT procedures, while 5796 underwent resection. Significant predictors of increased patient charges for both cohorts included diabetes (odds ratio: 1.7, confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–2.19), infection (odds ratio: 5.12, CI 2.73–9.58), and hemorrhage (odds ratio: 2.95, CI 2.04–4.12). Procedures performed at nonteaching hospitals had 1.54 greater odds (CI 1.02–2.33) of resulting in a complication compared to teaching hospitals. Insurance status did significantly differ (P = 0.001) between those receiving LITT (23.3% Medicare; 25.6% Medicaid; 44.4% private insurance; 6.7 Other) and those undergoing resection (35.3% Medicare; 22.5% Medicaid; 34.7% private Insurance; 7.5% other). When adjusting for patient demographics, LITT patients had shorter length of stay (2.3 vs. 8.9 days, P < 0.001), lower complication rate (1.9% vs. 3.1%, P = 0.385), and lower mean hospital ($139,412.79 vs. $233,120.99, P < 0.001) and patient ($55,394.34 vs. $37,756.66, P < 0.001) costs. The present study highlights LITT's advantages through its association with lower costs and shorter length of stay. The present study also highlights the associated predictors of LITT versus resection, such as that most LITT cases happen at academic centers for patients with private insurance. As the adoption of LITT continues, more data will become available to further understand these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This naturalistic study examines how broad societal events like the COVID-19 pandemic affect children's gratitude expressions for general and specific categories of needs. Gratitude expressions (N = 6908) written by children in the United States (N = 3613, Mage = 6.96 years) before the pandemic (November 2018, 2019) and during the pandemic (November 2020, 2021) were collected from online newspapers. The gratitude expressions were coded for general and specific categories based on Maslow's Theory of Motivation. Between time periods, there was no difference in prevalence of gratitude for the fulfillment of the general categories of deficiency needs (physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem) and growth needs (cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization, and transcendence) as well as the specific sub-categories that they subsume. However, within time periods, there was a greater prevalence for the fulfillment of deficiency than growth needs, especially the specific category of love and belongingness. Together these results highlight the enduring nature of particular categories in the face of a broad societal event and have implications for public policies and services aimed at protecting children and meeting their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile health (mHealth) technology has increased dramatically in the wake of the pandemic. Less research has focused on people with mobility impairing (PMI) disabilities. This study determined the prevalence of mHealth use among PMI adults during the COVID-19 escalation and examines demographic, health and COVID-19 concerns correlates. PMI adults (N = 304) completed an online survey investigating mHealth use and COVID-19 concerns related to food access in June of 2020. Smartphone and mHealth use were measured with an adapted version of the survey used in the Pew Internet & American Life project. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine associations of demographics, health status, and COVID-19 concerns with mHealth use. About two-thirds (N = 201) of the sample were mHealth users (owned a smartphone and engaged in health-promoting behaviors with the smartphone; e.g., sought online information, tracked health behaviors, used patient portals). Having hypertension was associated with higher mHealth use, and having higher COVID-19 concerns about food access was associated with higher mHealth use. Those who used mHealth were also more engaged with smartphone apps for communication, services, and entertainment. Only the association between educational attainment and mHealth use remained significant after adjusting for other covariates in multivariable logistic regression models. PMIs continue to need support in the use of mHealth technology to help maximize access to potentially important tools for rehabilitation and health management. There is a need to continue to investigate mHealth and its applications for people with disabilities. Many people with mobility impairing disabilities may be missing opportunities for mHealth rehabilitation and healthcare. COVID-19 has widened existing gaps in access and use of mHealth technology among people with mobility impairing disabilities. Focused education is needed to help people with disabilities exploit the full range of services of their smartphones to increase access to care, social connectivity, and other important goods and services to enhance rehabilitation and health management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current study sought to describe a nationally representative sample of Veterans diagnosed with co-occurring PTSD and substance use disorder (SUD) who initiated and completed evidence-based psychotherapy (EBP) for PTSD, and explored whether completion rates differed by SUD subtype. Methods: Using electronic health record data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Corporate Data Warehouse, Veterans with a dual diagnosis of PTSD and SUD who initiated either Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) or Prolonged Exposure (PE) between January 01, 2019 and July 16, 2019 were identified (N = 2,996). Logistic analyses were employed to determine whether there were differences in EBP completion rates among Veterans with an alcohol use disorder (AUD; n = 1,383) versus all other SUDs (n = 1,613). Results: On average, Veterans were 45 years old, and identified as male, White, and non-Hispanic. Logistic regression analyses revealed there was not a significant difference between Veterans with AUD only and other SUDs in the probability of completing EBP treatment, OR = 1.02, 95% CI =0.87, 1.17, p = 0.79. Conclusions: No differences in EBP completion rates were observed between SUD subtypes, indicating that EBPs for PTSD are tolerated well for individuals with various types of SUDs and may be offered as treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public health laws and policies are uniquely able to mitigate the adverse and inequitable health impacts of climate change. This article summarizes some key considerations in developing such laws and policies and a variety of approaches local public health departments are using to increase climate resilience and health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective climate change resilience in local communities must center each community's unique challenges and essential role in developing climate resilience strategies. This article will discuss recent developments by the federal government that align with a community-centered approach, and how Community Health Workers can influence the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how the spiritual and religious experiences of international students affect their college outcomes. Prior research has shown the significant influence of spirituality and religiosity on local students' college experiences. However, there is a notable gap in research regarding the spiritual and religious experiences of international students. Findings indicate both growth and decline in spiritual and religious qualities among international students during their college years. Moreover, certain spiritual and religious engagements are found to contribute significantly to cognitive, affective, and civic outcomes among this student population. Additionally, involvement in community service and peer interactions are identified as influential factors in the spiritual and religious development of international students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To test differential outcomes between three 6‐month text‐messaging interventions to reduce at‐risk drinking in help‐seeking adults. Design: A three‐arm single‐blind randomized controlled trial with 1‐, 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. Setting: United States. A fully remote trial without human contact, with participants recruited primarily via social media outlets. Participants: Seven hundred and twenty‐three adults (mean = 39.9 years, standard deviation = 10.0; 62.5% female) seeking to reduce their drinking were allocated to 6 months of baseline 'tailored statically' messaging (TS; n = 240), 'tailored adaptive' messaging (TA; n = 239) or 'drink tracking' messaging (DT; n = 244). Interventions: TS consisted of daily text messages to reduce harmful drinking that were tailored to demographics and alcohol use. TA consisted of daily, tailored text messages that were also adapted based on goal achievement and proactive prompts. DT consisted of a weekly assessment for self‐reported drinking over the past 7 days. Measurements The primary outcome measure was weekly sum of standard drinks (SSD) at 6‐month follow‐up. Secondary outcome measures included drinks per drinking day (DDD), number of drinking days (NDD) per week and heavy drinking days (HDD) at 1‐, 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. Findings At 6 months, compared with DT, TA resulted in significant SSD reductions of 16.2 (from 28.7 to 12.5) drinks [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.71, 0.91] using intent‐to‐treat analysis. TA also resulted in significant improvements in DDD (aRR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.77–0.92) and drinking days per week (b = −0.39; 95% CI = −0.67, –0.10), but not HDD compared with DT at 6 months. TA was not significantly different from TS at any time‐point, except DDD at 6 months. All groups made improvements in SSD at 12‐month follow‐up compared with baseline with an average reduction of 12.9 drinks per week across groups. Conclusions: Automated tailored mobile messaging interventions are scalable solutions that can reduce weekly alcohol consumption in remote help‐seeking drinkers over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]