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Industrial distribution systems have been designed in the USA, considering prevalent standards, i.e., American National Standards Institute (ANSI), IEEE, National Electrical Code (NEC), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), etc., and arc flash was not a consideration for designing electrical power systems in the industry. Functionality and economics were the important factors, and will always be so. However, the arc flash analysis and limiting the incident energy will usher a new parameter in system design. It can be demonstrated that in many current installations and new installations designed without considerations of limiting the arc flash energy, the hazard risk category exceeds the highest Class 4 personal protective equipment (PPE), i.e., an arc thermal performance exposure value (ATPV) of 40 cal/cm². This paper discusses typical industrial distribution systems at low-voltage and medium-voltage levels and demonstrates the impact of system design decisions and protection on the incident energy and arc flash hazard reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study in the U.S. on the extraversion and neuroticism of educable mentally retarded (EMR) individuals. The study found out that female EMR had higher neuroticism scores than EMR male students while extraversion scores were comparable. However, mental age variations appeared to be related to neuroticism but not to extraversion.

The article examines the relationships between item-identification speed, memory for order, and digit span in an experiment with educable mentally retarded (EMR) and nonretarded children in the U.S. It was found out that order memory and digit span had significant correlations for both groups. While naming time was found to correlate with digit span only for EMR individuals.

The article discusses the patterns of cognitive ability in nonretarded and retarded children in the U.S. A group of nonretarded and retarded children with matched mental age were given some cognitive tasks of reasoning and memory. It showed that nonretarded children performed the tasks efficiently compared to those who were retarded. Results were factor analyzed for each sample reflecting two modes of coding information, the successive and the simultaneous process

The article presents a reply of the author to a comment on his article about the cognitive ability of mentally retarded children in the U.S. According to the author, the comment that his sample was from an organically impaired rather than from a familial retarded population was shown to be unfounded.

Despite the worldwide success of vaccination, newborns remain vulnerable to infections. While neonatal vaccination has been hampered by maternal antibody-mediated dampening of immune responses, enhanced regulatory and tolerogenic mechanisms, and immune system immaturity, maternal pre-natal immunization aims to boost neonatal immunity via antibody transfer to the fetus. However, emerging data suggest that antibodies are not transferred equally across the placenta. To understand this, we used systems serology to define Fc features associated with antibody transfer. The Fc-profile of neonatal and maternal antibodies differed, skewed toward natural killer (NK) cell-activating antibodies. This selective transfer was linked to digalactosylated Fc-glycans that selectively bind FcRn and FCGR3A, resulting in transfer of antibodies able to efficiently leverage innate immune cells present at birth. Given emerging data that vaccination may direct antibody glycosylation, our study provides insights for the development of next-generation maternal vaccines designed to elicit antibodies that will most effectively aid neonates., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)