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Focuses on the meteorological measurements obtained over San Diego Bay, California using bulk methods. Bulk estimates of the refractive index structure parameter; Wave-induced mixing of the lower atmosphere; Understanding of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory.

Explores ways to increase the competitiveness of industries in the U.S. Relation between the performance of the economy and the free market consensus among modern economists; Industrial innovations; Market efficiency; Industrial relations; Incentives for employees in order to promote the organization's long-term interest.

Focuses on the types of encouraged innovation in the U.S. Benefits of innovation; Model of planned innovation; Industry-cluster model of innovation; Regeneration model of fundamental innovations.

Focuses on the popularity of high yield junk bonds in the U.S. Need of the issuer to pay high interest rate to attract buyer for the bonds; Reaction of investors when firms faced bankruptcy; Impact of deregulation of the thrift industry on savings and loan institutions.

Discusses the effect of mergers and acquisitions on the U.S. economy. Direct benefits that flow from the payout of cash and reduction of free cash flow; Substitution of debt for equity; Prospect of bankruptcy; International trade deficit.

Investigates the issue of leveraged buyouts in the United States. Protection of shareholders from being mislead about the fair value of their holdings; Obligation of the board to ensure fair treatment of all its constituent groups; Protection of poor managers.

Focuses on the capital investment model from the business strategy of managers in the U.S. Emphasis on portfolio management of corporate assets; Evaluation on the competitive implications conducted by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission due of increasing number of transactions; Enhancement on profit opportunities by diversified firm.

Focuses on the need for long-term investment in American corporations. Effects of fluctuations in the stock market; Pursuit of long-term economic growth; Turnover of stock ownership.

Focuses on the effect of cultural differences on corporate mergers in the U.S. Failure of mergers due to cultural differences; Concept of corporate culture and cultural problems; Reduction in production efficiency.

Reflects on the failure of corporate takeovers in the U.S. Greed in business; Risks associated with the growth of junk bond market; Importance of correct business predictions to avoid future financial disasters.

Focuses on the growth of merger and acquisition activities of business enterprises in the U.S. Value of mergers and acquisitions; Reasons of companies in pursuing mergers and acquisitions; Increase in merger intensity.

Focuses on the impact of tax laws on corporate aquisition and merger decisions in the U.S. Reference to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and the Internal Revenue Code; Subsidies for previously independent companies; Elimination of preferential rates for capital gains.

As epidemiological work from around the world continues to tie PM2.5 to serious adverse health effects, including premature mortality, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has developed a number of policies to reduce air pollution, including PM2.5. To assist in the benefit-cost analyses of these air pollution control policies, the U.S. EPA has developed the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP). BenMAP is meant to (1) provide a flexible tool for systematically analyzing impacts of changes in environmental quality in a timely fashion, (2) ensure that stakeholders can understand the assumptions underlying the analysis, and (3) adequately address uncertainty and variability. BenMAP uses a "damage-function" approach to estimate the health benefits of a change in air quality. The major components of the damage-function approach are population estimates, population exposure, adverse health effects, and economic costs. To demonstrate BenMAP's ability to analyze PM2.5 pollution control policy scenarios, we assess two sample applications: (1) benefits of a national-level air quality control program, and (2) benefits of attaining two annual PM2.5 standards in California (annual average standards of 15 microg/m3 and 12 microg/m3). In the former, we estimate a scenario where control of PM2.5 emissions results in $100 billion of benefits annually. In the analysis of alternative standards, we estimate that attaining the more stringent standard (12 microg/m3) would result in approximately 2000 fewer premature deaths each year than the 15 microg/m3 achieves. BenMAP has a number of features to help clarify the analysis process. It allows the user to record in a configuration all of the choices made during an analysis. Configurations are especially useful for recreating already existing policy analyses. Also, BenMAP has a number of reporting options, including a set of mapping tools that allows users to visually inspect their inputs and results.