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To examine long-term care out-of-pocket payments by dementia status and residential setting. Compare monthly out-of-pocket long-term care expenses paid to facilities and helpers, total monthly out-of-pocket long-term expenses and as a percentage of monthly income by dementia status and residential status (community, residential facility, and nursing home). US Nationwide, 2019 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) respondents aged ≥70 years. We analyzed respondent-level data from the nationally representative 2019 NHATS. Weighted descriptive statistics were calculated for long-term care payments by source and summarized by dementia status and the respondent's residential status. Among 4505 respondents aged ≥70 years, 1750 (38.8%) had possible or probable dementia and 2755 (61.2%) had no dementia. The median monthly out-of-pocket long-term care expenses for persons with dementia was $1465 for those living in nursing homes, and $2925 for those living in other residential facilities, much higher than those with dementia living in the community ($260). Although these are similar to the median out-of-pocket payments for persons without dementia by setting, those with dementia were at greater risk of facing catastrophic out-of-pocket expenses for long-term care than those without dementia, with the 75th percentile value of out-of-pocket payment at $4566 among dementia adults living in non–nursing home residential care facilities, and $7500 for those in nursing homes, compared to $3694 and $3100 among those without dementia. At median, these expenses accounted for 100% of monthly income of respondents with dementia living in facilities. Persons with dementia living in facilities often face substantial financial burdens from high out-of-pocket long-term care expenses. Policies that provide sufficient financial assistance are needed to address long-term care–related financial burdens experienced by older adults and their families, especially for those with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) and society at large can profit from a strategic investment into a forward leaning, practical, preventative, and proactive multidisciplinary care policy. The American healthcare system is not easily bent to accommodate this type of care, and thus a tax benefit is an attractive option. An individual federal income tax benefit of $6200 each year for every person residing in the US with a diagnosis of PD, could among other offerings provide monthly access to a licensed clinical social worker and access to mental health services. The implementation of more coordinated care has the potential reduce the burden of depression, anxiety, and demoralization. Personal training would also be covered and directed by physical and occupational therapists. The combination of home-based and telemedicine services would have the added benefit of improving access. The tax benefit would also provide access to a dietician. This type of care strategy could be designed to proactively identify early signs of aspiration and urinary tract infections to 'head off' significant morbidity. A $6200/year individual tax benefit for those diagnosed with PD will thus translate into more fall prevention, more care in the home setting, less hospitalizations, less depression, less anxiety, less demoralization, better diets, and less persons placed in nursing facilities. Additionally, this tax benefit will provide the potential for billions of dollars in savings to the healthcare system. A tax benefit for PD is a practical preventative and proactive strategy which can serve to advantage both this generation and the next.

An injunction under s.37(l) of the Senior Courts Act 1981 can be granted for (1) protection of property rights; (2) making effective an injunction against another; (3) ancillary to a substantive claim against another; and (4) enabling there to be the due administration of justice. An injunction can be granted against a "third party" regardless of whether or not (i) he is threatening to infringe an intellectual property right; (it) he is a mere bystander; (iii) he has no involvement other than he can prevent others from infringing; and (iv) he would be in breach of any legal duty if he did not prevent them. That the ISPs provided facilities for infringers went to discretion. The Supreme Court decision in Cartier is consistent with extensive case law concerning injunctions against a third party. Established principles required that the ISP be indemnified for its costs of complying with a blocking injunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines dental school financial trends from 2004-05 to 2011-12, based on data from the American Dental Association (ADA) annual financial survey completed by all U.S. dental schools. For public schools, revenues from tuition and fees increased 68.6%, and state support declined 17.2% over the examined period. For private schools, revenues from tuition and fees increased 38.9%, and university indirect subsidies declined 77.9% over the same period. The major factors affecting dental school expenditures were the number of students and postdoctoral students, faculty practice, and research. The findings suggest that dental schools are now more dependent financially on tuition and fees than in the past. Schools have been able to pass on increases in operating costs to students and specialty postdoctoral students. Now that growth in dentists' incomes is slowing and student debt is at an all-time high, this financing strategy may not be sustainable in the long run. This article was written as part of the project "Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cancer diagnosis can have significant financial impacts for patients, often resulting from unexpected out-of-pocket expenses and a reduced capacity to work. These financial implications have been well characterised quantitatively in common cancers. However, less is known about the lived experience of financial stress, particularly outside the United States and in rarer cancers. This study aimed to explore the perceived financial impact of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)-a rare haematological malignancy where patients may be particularly vulnerable to financial stress due to the lengthy, specialised and centralised care. The findings provide insight into the patients' lived experience of the personal financial impact of the disease. This Australian qualitative study was undertaken with 11 adults in remission from AML and recruited from their treating hospital. Semi-structured interviews were transcribed, and data were managed using NVivo. Themes were identified through inductive and deductive analysis using open, axial and thematic coding. Four themes were identified: burden of AML-attributable costs (e.g. out-of-pocket parking and medication expenses); accommodating the AML-impact on paid work (e.g. early retirement and modifying job tasks); the consequence of financial strain from AML (e.g. using savings and accessing Government welfare) and concerns about the future and future familial financial burden (e.g. securing finances and worry about depleting financial resources). A reduction in or stopping work was perceived as the most burdensome to their current and future finances. The findings demonstrate people with AML experience financial difficulty even within a publically funded healthcare system. Opportunities exist for health services to alleviate some financial burden through reducing or abolishing parking fees for oncology patients and ensuring adequate access to social workers to facilitate access to Government welfare. Improving patients' financial difficulties contributes to improved quality of life, which is congruent to cancer survivorship., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

As virtual discussion about passive versus active investment heats up, ETF instruments being second biggest investment vehicle (after mutual funds) in United States receive more and more attention. In this paper we perform a cross section, type and style analysis of total expense ratios (TER) of exchange traded funds. Using Database of 1020 ETFs, we find capitalization weighted average for total expense ratios of simple (non-inverse and not leveraged) ETFs are equal to 0.32 proc. Analysis shows that inverse and leveraged ETFs on average are about 3 times more expensive than simple ETFs. These numbers of total expense ratios of simple ETFs are significantly lower than in average mutual funds. This leads us to the conclusion that especially for passive investment management where cost effectiveness is critically important, ETFs are much more attractive than regular mutual funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]