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University and college campuses in the United States utilize disciplinary/judicial processes to help address student behavioral problems. These include administrative, majority-peer, and minority-peer processes. This descriptive research was undertaken to find which of these three discipline/judicial processes were the most effective. The population consists of 219 colleges and universities across the United States, all affiliated with the Catholic Church. This delimitation provided an opportunity for assumptions about similar learning environments, leaving the processes themselves the foci of analysis. Further analyses examined the results in terms of relative campus size, perceptions about the efficacy of these discipline/judicial processes, and the availability of data per campus. The intent of this study was to compare these approaches and study their impacts as a means of enlightening the "best practices" to discipline students for those campus administrators who face these issues daily. Results showed that the minority-peer discipline/judicial processes are the most effective approach when compared to majority-peer and administrative processes for all size campuses because this process has fewer repeat offenders. Recommendations for further research and Student Affairs professionals are provided.

Inherent in the missions of colleges and universities with a Christian tradition is a goal of building a strong community. These campuses seek to foster a sense of belonging for their students, and they employ principled approaches to the development of effective policies for all aspects of student affairs. Simultaneously, they frequently face financial constraints and, therefore, often seek cost-effective means of operating. This research examines the efficacy of student discipline processes in light of their moral constructs, thereby providing meaningful insight for campus administrators as they refine their approaches on Christian-based campuses throughout the United States. A random purposeful selection of 30 Catholic campuses comprised the sample from a population of 219 total campuses in the population. The sample was delimited to those that were coed, had housing on campus, used the three discipline/judicial processes, and had databases that allowed them to identify repeat offenders. Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit was use to see if there was any difference among the three discipline/judicial processes average rates of recidivism; the process with the fewest repeat offenses was deemed most effective. The experimental difference set "apriori" of from 5% to 8% was met showing a practical importance to the results. Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit indicated a p = 0.095 failing to meet the "apriori" alpha of 0.05 and failed to reject the null hypothesis. Minority-peer processes emerged from the findings as the most effective. Campuses using this process could expect to experience 9 fewer repeat offenses per 100 students.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate dental hygiene (DH) educational programs' didactic and clinical curriculum in the management of peri-implant diseases and conditions. The specific aims were (1) assess if evidence-based content for peri-implant diseases and conditions are currently included in didactic and clinical DH curriculum and (2) determine if DH education programs are currently preparing students at a level of clinical competency for the assessment and management of peri-implant diseases and conditions.Design: A cross-sectional study of DH faculty member(s) from 331 United States entry-level programs responsible for didactic and clinical curriculum for peri-implant diseases and conditions were surveyed. The survey was disseminated electronically via Qualtricsxm August 2019 for a response rate of 26%.Results: The results showed didactic courses taught DH students the etiology of peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis (98%), clinical characteristics (98%), and risk factors contributing to these implant diseases (96%). Evaluation methods to determine student level of competency in a didactic setting included quizzes/examinations (98%), case-based examinations (63%), and written essays (6%). Eighty-five percent reported DH students are not required in a clinical setting to provide care for patients with peri-implant diseases and conditions.Conclusions: Study results suggest DH education programs may need to revise didactic and clinical curriculum to ensure students graduate at a level of clinical competency for assessing and managing peri-implant conditions and diseases. DH educational programs should consider requiring clinical patient experiences for the assessment and management of peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis to prepare students for their professional role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public administration frequently focuses on values such as diversity, equity, and representation through academic theory, professional standards, and educational accreditation. Research has shown that diversity efforts in faculty hiring and pedagogy have positive impacts on student success. This study measured gender representation in graduate public administration ethics course syllabi through the lens of representative bureaucracy theory. The researcher found that both male and female gender is represented (passive), but opportunities for students to see reflections of gender diversity in faculty and authors of course material heavily favor males. Active representation theory is demonstrated with increases in female-authored materials by female professors, but overall reflection opportunities are majority male-authored. While the surface level visibility of gender via professors or written scholarship may not be a substantive sign of gender inclusion, lack of inclusion or limited opportunities may serve as a symptom of the larger problem of barriers to equity and inclusion in the public administration workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biography is presented of First Lady Frances Folsom Cleveland, wife to U.S. president Grover Cleveland. It describes her childhood in Buffalo, New York, her correspondence while a student with Cleveland, and a wedding ceremony in the White House. Emphasis is given to her official role hosting public receptions, her popularity with the public, and the use of her image in advertisements.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology performs research that when applied can reduced the fire losses in the U.S. A focus of the research is on advanced technology for the first responder. Currently means are being explored to enhance the information available to first responders, by creating standards for transmission, display and use of information from building emergency systems that are compatible with GIS databases. Research is being conducted on new sensors and signal analysis that can detect impending collapse of buildings. New technology for reliable voice and data communications are being evaluated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Honey bees Apis mellifera forage in a wide radius around their colony, bringing back contaminated food resources that can function as terrestrial bioindicators of environmental pesticide exposure. Evaluating pesticide exposure risk to pollinators is an ongoing problem. Here we apply five metrics for pesticide exposure risk (prevalence, diversity, concentration, significant pesticide prevalence, and hazard quotient (HQ)) to a nation-wide field study of honey bees, Apis mellifera in the United States. We examined samples from 1055 apiaries over seven years for 218 different pesticide residues and metabolites, determining that bees were exposed to 120 different pesticide products with a mean of 2.78 per sample. Pesticides in pollen were highly prevalent and variable across states. While pesticide diversity increased over time, most detections occurred at levels predicted to be of low risk to colonies. Varroacides contributed most to concentration, followed by fungicides, while insecticides contributed most to diversity above a toxicity threshold. High risk samples contained one of 12 different insecticides or varroacides. Exposures predicted to be low-risk were nevertheless associated with colony morbidity, and low-level fungicide exposures were tied to queen loss, Nosema infection, and brood diseases. [Display omitted] • A US national survey of pesticide residues in bee pollen found only 18% of samples were pesticide free.. • In our 1055 samples we made 2933 pesticide detections, predominantly at low risk levels.. • However, some low risk residues like fungicides were linked to increased colony morbidity.. • Neonicotinoids were rarely detected (2.0%), but contributed significant risk when found.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few trials of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in the United States have been reported. Objective: This randomized, placebo-controlled feasibility SLIT study compared the safety and physiologic effects of high- versus low-dose Dermatophagoides farinae vaccine. Methods: Thirty-one D farinae–sensitive adults with allergic rhinitis with or without mild intermittent asthma were eligible for randomization to high-dose maintenance vaccine (n = 10, 4200 allergen units [approximately 70 μg of Der f 1/d]), low-dose maintenance vaccine (n = 10; 60 allergen units [approximately 1 μg of Der f 1/d]), or placebo (n = 11) over 12 to 18 months. Medication-symptom scores and adverse events were monitored, serum D farinae–specific IgE and IgG4 levels were measured, and bronchial reactivity to D farinae was determined at baseline and 6-month intervals. Results: Of the 31 randomized subjects, 6 withdrew because of non–treatment-ascribed events. Four withdrew because of treatment-ascribed effects: high-dose group, 1 of 10 (gastrointestinal symptoms); low-dose group, 1 of 10 (gastrointestinal symptoms); and placebo group, 2 of 11 (headache and increased nasal symptoms). Thus 21 subjects completed the study: high-dose group, 9; low-dose group, 7; and placebo group, 5. Eleven of the 21 subjects experienced mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal symptoms, throat irritation, or both (high-dose group, 5/9; low-dose group, 4/7; and placebo group, 2/5). No severe systemic reactions were noted. No differences in symptom-medication scores were found. High-dose SLIT increased the bronchial threshold to allergen challenge and increased serum D farinae–specific IgG4 levels, whereas low-dose SLIT and placebo had no significant effect. Conclusions: High-dose D farinae SLIT was generally tolerable, increased serum D farinae–specific IgG4 levels, and improved the bronchial threshold to allergen challenge. Larger US trials are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]