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Neoliberalism is a loosely knit bricolage from economics, politics, and various forms of reactionary populism that can be envisioned as a kind of epistemic frame in which largely counterrevolutionary forces engage in the "creative destruction" of institutional frameworks and powers, forging divisions across society that include labor and social relations (Harvey, "A brief history of neoliberalism," 2009). Such "creative destruction" implies that neoliberalism is actually a reactionary "catalog of mind" (Robin, "The reactionary mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin," 2011, p. 17); that when believers engage in reactions to programs and ideas which represent what Bourdieu ("Acts of resistance: Against the tyranny of the market," 1998) called "the left hand of the state" (typically represented by teachers, judges, social workers), one result has been the "involution of the state" (p. 34) and the "destruction of the idea of public service" (Bourdieu, "The abdication of the state." In P. Bourdieu (Ed.), "The weight of the world: Social suffering in contemporary society," 1999, p. 182). We examine neoliberalism using Shaffer's ("Int J Learn Media" 1(2):1-21, 2009) concept of an "epistemic frame" based on the epistemic frame hypothesis that suggests that a community of practice has a culture, and that the collection of values, skills, knowledge, and identity form the "epistemic frame" (p. 4). An epistemic frame has a kind of grammar and structure comprised of people's thoughts and actions, reinforced by the ways that people see themselves, the values to which they hold, and the epistemology that binds together their agenda. The purpose of our analysis is to create a praxis for what has been termed "Regressionsverbot", which is defined as "a ban on backward movement with respect to social gains at the European level" (Bourdieu, "Acts of resistance: Against the tyranny of the market," 1998, p. 41). In the form of cases from the United States, the United Kingdom, and the United Arab Emirates, neoliberal initiatives are examined, unpacked, and interrogated.

This article examines the concept of misrecognition as advanced by Pierre Bourdieu in the development and implementation of educational leadership standards in the USA and in England. The line of argument advanced is that leadership standards were promulgated as an agenda to control and dominate a contested field in both countries by certain individuals and agencies. The analysis proffers that the steps involved in the creation of national leadership standards will not lead to reform since they are embedded in reified current roles and practices. The net result explains why a nation's educational leadership standards cannot become excellent via standardisation, and why significant educational reform is highly unlikely as a result of the processes employed to construct and impose them on practitioners, universities, schools, and school systems. (Contains 76 footnotes.)

This article is a report on a study of the use of heuristics, shortcuts, and rules of thumb by middle-line managers in institutions of higher education in the United States and the United Kingdom. Using a nonprobability convenience sample, the coinvestigators interviewed 13 middle-line managers over 5 months from eight institutions. The results indicate that managers employed a range of heuristics in response to a variety of decision-making situations and that choices to determine which heuristic was most appropriate revolved around the respondents' perceptions of personal risk, situational ambiguity, and level of emotionality. An intriguing metaphor that emerged from the study is that of a DNA strand; that is, the three elements of emotionality, ambiguity, and risk were constants in an interactive relationship between administrators and line managers and their connection to the institution. Even at middle-management levels, administrators maintained some independence from their institutions at the level of personal and moral decisions. (Contains 2 figures.)

Summary: Biosimilar teriparatide (INTG-8) was tested in a healthy population of males and postmenopausal females to assess pharmacokinetic bioequivalence to originator teriparatide comparator products. Primary pharmacokinetic comparison confirmed bioequivalence. Pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability were comparable to the originator products. INTG-8 was therefore confirmed to be biosimilar to originator products. Introduction: The purpose of this present study was to demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) equivalence of a biosimilar teriparatide (INTG8) to EU- and US-approved teriparatide reference products in healthy men and postmenopausal women. Secondary objectives included comparison of the pharmacodynamics (PD), safety, and tolerability. Methods: One hundred and five subjects randomly (1:1:1) received single subcutaneous 20 μg injection of teriparatide biosimilar, EU- and US-teriparatide on 3 consecutive days in this assessor-blind, three-period, single-dose, crossover study. Maximum serum concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC) from time zero to t (AUC0-t), and AUC from time zero extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-∞) were primary PK parameters, analyzed by non-compartmental methods. The secondary PD endpoints were maximum observed effect (Emax), area under the effect curve (AUE) from time zero to the last measurable concentration (AUE0–t), and time to maximum observed effect (Tmax) for total serum calcium levels. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity were also evaluated. This study was registered with ctri.nic.in/ (CTRI/2020/10/028627) on 26 October 2020. Results: Baseline demographics were similar across the three-treatment sequence groups. The 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the geometric mean ratios (test:reference) of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were within the predefined bioequivalence criterion of 80.00% to 125.00%, which demonstrated PK equivalence of teriparatide biosimilar to EU- and US-teriparatide for all primary endpoints. The PD comparability was demonstrated by similar serum calcium levels. Study treatments were generally well tolerated and showed no meaningful differences in safety or immunogenicity profiles. There were no deaths, or serious AEs were reported during this study. Conclusion: The study demonstrated PK bioequivalence of teriparatide biosimilar to the EU- and US-teriparatide reference products with comparable PD, safety, and immunogenicity profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the developments in laws governing the financial technology services companies in the U.S. Topics discussed include the business model that is commonly used by financial technology companies which involves partnerships with depository institutions, the joint resolution signed by U.S. President Joe Biden that repeals the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency's True Lender Rule pursuant to the Congressional Review Act, and discord over the True Lender Rule.

Introduction/Review of the Literature: Payment for clinical education (CE) experiences is a current topic of discussion within health care professions wherein incidence of payment is described as rare but growing. the American Council of Academic Physical therapy (ACAPT) Board charged the National Consortium of Clinical Educators (NCCE) to investigate payment for physical therapist (PT) CE experiences. tte ACAPT NCCE Task Force (TF) on Payment for Clinical Experience surveyed academic, clinical, and student CE stakeholders to explore perspectives on the current landscape for payment of PT CE experience. Methods: Two surveys were constructed using an exploratory research design: an academic and clinical stakeholder survey and a student survey. For the academic and clinical survey, the TF used member content expertise and literature review to draft questions. Final questions were crafted after conducting 2 validation rounds by an expert panel. For the student survey, student focus groups created and validated final survey questions. Snowball sampling was employed for survey dissemination through ACAPT and NCCE networks. Descriptive statistics were examined and significant differences (P < .05) between stakeholder groups were analyzed. Analysis of open-text responses was conducted to categorize and identify common concepts. ttere were 1,883 academic and clinical stakeholder survey respondents, with 84.3% identifying as a clinical-only role; all NCCE regions and practice settings were represented. First-, second-, and third-year doctor of physical therapy student survey respondents (2,815) represented both private and public academic programs. Results: Less than 5% of academic institutions reported paying any portion of full-time CE experiences. A majority of respondents (1,153, 71.9%) were neutral or disagreed that clinical instructors (CIs) should receive direct payment for supervising students and 76.9% indicated that students should not be required to pay for CE experiences. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors were cited as reasons not to seek payment and as benefits for providing CE experiences. Supervision restrictions and productivity expectations were identified as key barriers to providing CE experiences. Students indicated that prior knowledge of site and CI qualifications would be expected should students be required to pay for CE experiences. Discussion and Conclusion: Most academic, clinical, and student CE stakeholders did not support payment for CE experiences. tte stakeholder-identified motivators and nonmonetary incentives to provide CE experiences present an opportunity to explore initiatives that will enhance availability of PT CE experiences aligned with an ACAPT strategic plan on a national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration published its final recommendations to mitigate bacterial contamination of platelets. We sought to evaluate our secondary bacterial culture (SBC) strategy in light of those recommendations.Study Design and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of SBC data (October 2016-2019) at our institution. SBC was performed upon receipt (Day 3 after collection); 5 mL of platelet product was inoculated aseptically into an aerobic bottle and incubated at 35°C for 3 days. For 8 months, a 10-mL inoculum was trialed. No quarantine was applied. All positive cultures underwent Gram staining and repeat culture of the platelet product (if available). A probable true positive was defined as concordant positive culture between the initial and repeat culture. The incidence of probable true- and false-positive cultures were reported descriptively and differences evaluated by sampling volume.Results: Over 3 years, 55 896 platelet products underwent SBC, yielding 30 initial positive results (approx. 1/1863 platelets); 25 (83.3%) signaled within 24 hours of SBC. The rates of probable true positive, false positive, and indeterminate for 5 mL were 0.027% (1/3771), 0.002% (1/45 251) and 0.018% (1/5656), respectively. The respective rates for 10 mL were 0.018% (1/5323), 0.07% (1/1521), and 0%. Seven of eight (87.5%) false-positive SBCs occurred with a 10-mL inoculum. No septic transfusion reactions were reported.Conclusion: SBC continues to interdict bacterially contaminated units of platelets. Our findings suggest higher rates of false positivity using large-volume inocula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the issue of 're-making' corporate law through the prism of the United Nations' recent efforts at reducing legal obstacles experienced by micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises in starting and scaling a business. In order to be fully successful, this paper suggests that the UN should go back to business fundamentals and should attempt to build from the ground up based on the real world needs of entrepreneurs, rather than work off already existing corporate legal systems. In this way, it is possible to engage in a more imaginative form of regulatory design in which a clear, open and preferential legal framework for stimulating innovation and business creation can be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This essay examines how communications breakdowns in the aftermath of the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City led to errors in media reports. Method Drawing on my personal experience as a journalist who covered the event, combined with a comprehensive review of accounts and reports published since 1995, this essay examines how the errors originated and were disseminated. Furthermore, it reviews the communications systems in place then and now in order to consider how media and government might best confront communications challenges in postdisaster situations. Results The analysis of communications problems and errors in reporting offers lessons as to how government officials and media might better coordinate efforts to avoid such errors in the case of terrorist events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact on social work of changes to the enforcement of the U.S. education law Title IX under U.S. President Donald Trump. Topics include the relation of Title IX to sexual misconduct in education institutions, changes to policies that had been enacted by former U.S. President Barack Obama, and the involvement of U.S. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos in changing Title IX policies.

Objective: The general medical health of individuals with serious mental illnesses is compromised relative to those without serious mental illnesses. To address this health disparity, numerous integrated care strategies are being employed from the system level to the level of individual patients. However, self-management of health care, a strategy considered an integral aspect of typical care, has been infrequently included in interventions for this population. Despite reservations about the capacity of those with serious mental illnesses to self-manage health care, a subset of new interventions focused on general medical health in this population has tested whether models including self-management strategies have empirical support. To understand whether these models are supported, the authors reviewed the evidence for self-management models. Methods: This systematic review examined collaborative and integrated care models that include self-management components for individuals with serious mental illnesses. Results: Across the 14 studies identified in this review, promising evidence was found that individuals with serious mental health issues can collaborate with health professionals or be trained to self-manage their health and health care. The evidence supports the use of mental health peers or professional staff to implement health care interventions. However, the substantial heterogeneity in study design, types of training, and examined outcomes limited conclusions about the comparative effectiveness of existing studies. Conclusions: This review found preliminary support that self-management interventions targeting the general medical health of those with serious mental illnesses are efficacious, but future work is needed to determine what elements of training or skills lead to the most salient changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoliberalism is a loosely knit bricolage from economics, politics, and various forms of reactionary populism that can be envisioned as a kind of epistemic frame in which largely counterrevolutionary forces engage in the creative destruction of institutional frameworks and powers, forging divisions across society that include labor and social relations (Harvey, A brief history of neoliberalism, ). Such 'creative destruction' implies that neoliberalism is actually a reactionary 'catalog of mind' (Robin, The reactionary mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin, , p. 17); that when believers engage in reactions to programs and ideas which represent what Bourdieu (Acts of resistance: Against the tyranny of the market, ) called 'the left hand of the state' (typically represented by teachers, judges, social workers), one result has been the 'involution of the state' (p. 34) and the 'destruction of the idea of public service' (Bourdieu, The abdication of the state. In P. Bourdieu (Ed.), The weight of the world: Social suffering in contemporary society, , p. 182). We examine neoliberalism using Shaffer's (Int J Learn Media 1(2):1-21, ) concept of an 'epistemic frame' based on the epistemic frame hypothesis that suggests that a community of practice has a culture, and that the collection of values, skills, knowledge, and identity form the 'epistemic frame' (p. 4). An epistemic frame has a kind of grammar and structure comprised of people's thoughts and actions, reinforced by the ways that people see themselves, the values to which they hold, and the epistemology that binds together their agenda. The purpose of our analysis is to create a praxis for what has been termed Regressionsverbot, which is defined as 'a ban on backward movement with respect to social gains at the European level' (Bourdieu, Acts of resistance: Against the tyranny of the market, , p. 41). In the form of cases from the United States, the United Kingdom, and the United Arab Emirates, neoliberal initiatives are examined, unpacked, and interrogated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eli Broad's approach to reforming urban public education does not recognize his own self-interest in promoting changes within such educational systems, a classic problem of misrecognition. The Broad agenda is an assault on the notion of the mission of public education as a service instead of a for-profit enterprise concerned with making money for the owners and stock holders. This article examines the backgrounds of the graduates of the Broad Superintendents Academy and raises critical issues such as how can Broad claim that graduate preparation in educational administration is unnecessary when at least half of his own graduates already have advanced degrees from universities in the field and occupy high-level central office positions? Broad's remedies harken back to those advanced by Frederick Winslow Taylor, the creator of scientific management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a framework for a discussion of the role of historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) that focuses on teachers and teaching for the new millennium. HBCUs have the potential to make a significant difference in solving one of the most intractable problems in K- 12 education: how to recruit, retain and develop teachers for high-need schools. HBCUs are uniquely qualified to address the challenge of high-need schools. HBCUs colleges of education are to continue the their mission of educating teachers for high-need schools, significant financial resources and other support mechanisms should be available to them. The final segment of the article contains policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the planned changes for the Marine Corps aviation training system (ATS) to enhance aviation training. It says that ATS aims to create networkable, highly realistic simulators for aviation training. It mentions that the introduction of ATS lead to the improvement in flight training standardization. It adds that the incorporation of ATS in the aviation maintenance and its advanced skills management (ASM) system will increase standardization aviation maintenance training.

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Purpose — The paper aims to compare the office of directly elected mayor in England, Germany and the USA. Proposing and applying a conceptual model of government, governance and allegiance, it assesses the leadership role of the elected mayor in the three countries. Design/methodology/approach — Qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of mayors in each country over a period of 11 years. These formed part of the authors' continuing research into local leadership and political management, which has also included interviews with ex-mayors, elected representatives and senior officials. Findings — The operation and success of the elected mayor in specific countries is influenced by formal variables (e.g. state constitutions, formal requirements) and informal relationships (e.g. with officials), represented in the distinction between structure and agency. The role of the individual mayor also varied in the light of local party affiliations. The paper considers the impact of these variables on the government, governance and allegiance functions of the elected mayor. Research limitations/implications — In providing an analytical framework and in the discussion of original research, a basis is provided for the further study of the office of elected mayor in different national contexts. This is likely to prove valuable as the future of sub-national government is subject to continuity scrutiny. Practical implications — The adoption and growth of the elected mayoral system may be considered as an example of lesson drawing. This has both positive and negative implications. Positively, much can be learned from comparative experience. Mayoral systems have resulted in quicker decision making. The mayor provides a very visible form of local leadership and accountability. However, dangers lie in the over-concentration of powers in the office of mayor and, in England especially, the failure of the mayoral system to enhance public engagement in local government. Originality/value — The discussion will be of value to practitioners, policy-makers and academic researchers who are concerned with the future of the elected local state and its office holders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of sustained cardiac arrhythmia, but recent trials have identified no clear advantage of rhythm control over rate control. Consequently, economic factors often play a role in guiding treatment selection.Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of rhythm-control versus rate-control strategies for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM).Design: Retrospective economic evaluation. Nonparametric bootstrapping was used to estimate the distribution of incremental costs and effects on the cost-effectiveness plane.Data Sources: Data on survival and use of health care resources were obtained for all 4060 AFFIRM participants. Unit costs were estimated from various U.S. databases.Target Population: Patients with atrial fibrillation who were 65 years of age or who had other risk factors for stroke or death, similar to those enrolled in AFFIRM.Time Horizon: Mean follow-up of 3.5 years.Perspective: Third-party payer.Interventions: Management of patients with atrial fibrillation with antiarrhythmic drugs (rhythm control) compared with drugs that control heart rate (rate control).Outcome Measures: Mean survival, resource use, costs, and cost-effectiveness.Results Of Base-case Analysis: A mean survival gain of 0.08 year (P = 0.10) was observed for rate control. Patients in the rate-control group used fewer resources (hospital days, pacemaker procedures, cardioversions, and short-stay and emergency department visits). Rate control costs 5077 dollars less per person than rhythm control.Results Of Sensitivity Analysis: Cost savings ranged from 2189 dollars o 5481 dollars per person. Rhythm control was more costly and less effective than rate control in 95% of the bootstrap replicates over a wide range of cost assumptions.Limitations: Resource use was limited to key items collected in AFFIRM, and the results are generalizable only to similar patient populations with atrial fibrillation.Conclusion: Rate control is a cost-effective approach to the management of atrial fibrillation compared with maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation similar to those enrolled in AFFIRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Democratic governments are perfectly entitled to take extraordinary measures if faced with a threat of atrocities on anything like the scale of those, which occurred on September 11, 2001 in the U.S. But since it is unarguable that counter-terrorist measures such as detention without trial are opposed to democratic ideals, they should be subjected to the most rigorous tests for proportionality, an immediate and very serious threat should be evident. These measures adopted should be effective in combating it and should go no further than necessary to meet it. It is for these reasons that the Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 was introduced in Great Britain.

The "achievement gap" between African American and Latino students and those of their White counterparts continues to evoke national cries of consternation and condemnation of the public schools, particularly those in urban areas. This article posits that the achievement gap will never be resolved because it is an artifact of the process of measurement in which flawed tests have been used to assess pupil progress. In particular, IQ and its derivative achievement tests cousins have always shown that socioeconomic status (SES) is a crucial variable in explaining test score variance. SES is part of the concept of cultural capital, and this form of capital is a potent predictor of student success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the school improvement efforts of Southside Comprehensive High School in Atlanta, Georgia. Transformation of the student body; Creation of an environment conducive to academic excellence of students; Use of technology for instructional improvement.

The effects of shift work and job schedule control on the family life and health of American workers are analyzed. Using data from the 1992 National Study on the Changing Workforce (N = 2,905), this article tests whether negative family and health outcomes associated with nonstandard job schedules result from (a) problems of adjusting to the times of nonstandard shifts and/or (b) the lack of scheduling control and (c) whether schedule control mediates the effects of nonstandard shifts. Multivariate results indicate that although nonstandard shifts have few effects, lack of scheduling control has strong negative effects on six of the eight family and health outcomes. There is no evidence that control mediates the effects of schedule times, nor that these effects vary by gender or family status. Implications of these results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the impact of the Human Rights Act (HRA) on the current lack of a remedy for non-consensual publication of personal information by the media. It argues that the action for breach of confidence is now ripe for development into a privacy law in all but name and that the normative impetus for this enterprise can be found in the HRA which will require domestic courts to consider Convention jurisprudence. It will suggest that when Strasbourg decisions are examined in the context of more general Convention doctrines, they may be seen to suggest the need for an effective privacy remedy. Drawing upon approaches from other jurisdictions it seeks to demonstrate that principled solutions may be found to the thicket of legal problems associated with such development. It contends that the main objection to this enterprise, the perceived threat to media freedom, is largely misplaced, as analysis at the theoretical and doctrinal levels reveals that speech and privacy interests are in many respects mutually supportive and the areas of conflict small and readily susceptible to resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an overview of opinions regarding changes in school principalship in the United States. Severance of schools from the public system monopoly; Free market competition among schools; Leftists' disdain of the elite control of schools; Advantages of the rich schoolchildren in the present school system; Empowerment of parents; Empowerment of students and teachers.

Looks at the representation of the gangster figure in Hollywood films by the staff and readers of the magazine `The African Drum' in South Africa in the 1950s. Gangster films as new source of identity for black South Africans who moved in urban areas like Sophiatown; Creation of a figure who was an economic rebel at home, and defined by, his black urban context.

The treatment of "don't know," "no opinion," or other nonsubstantive responses is a problem in many consumer research surveys. This paper looks at the problem in the context of 1980 presidential election opinion polls. During the campaign, a relatively large proportion of those interviewed said that they were undecided as to whom they planned to vote for, Discriminant analysis is used to allocate undecided voters to candidates. The method is validated by a postelection follow-up survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the score given by judges of figure skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. Details of the analysis of variance showing small consistent 'patriotic' bias; Correlation of the judges' score with minimum evidence of scoring along political lines; Illustration of Spearman correlations.

Investigates the misappropriation theory under which the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has prosecuted market outsiders for violations of the 1934 Securities Act and considers the implications of the scope of Rule 10b-5 for financial analysts. Overview of Rule 10b-5; Summary of the judicial evolution of the Rule's applicability to insiders and tippees; Analysis of the possible extent application of the Rule.

Arcobacter spp. are commonly associated with shellfish and have been increasingly implicated in human gastrointestinal disease. We report the first case of human bacteremia with Malacobacter (previously Arcobacter) mytili acquired after exposure to Maryland crab. Arcobacter spp. should be considered in febrile illnesses when the history indicates exposure to seafood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author looks back on the issues released by the "Journal of Negro Education." It presents a brief history of the publication, stating that its objectives include reducing the African American and white American students achievement gap and teacher quality. He also says that as the publication continues to grow and develop, the question of what will be its measure of progress and relevance in the future is given focus by the staff and members. He believes that more will be in store for the publication to continue its legacy and meet its objectives.