7 results on '"Gillmore, Mary Rogers"'
Search Results
2. The Opposite of Sex? Adolescents’ Thoughts About Abstinence and Sex, and Their Sexual Behavior.
- Author
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Masters, N. Tatiana, Beadnell, Blair A., Morrison, Diane M., Hoppe, Marilyn J., and Gillmore, Mary Rogers
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SEXUAL abstinence ,TEENAGERS' sexual behavior ,HUMAN sexuality ,TEENAGERS ,SEXUAL intercourse - Abstract
CONTEXT: Little research has explored how teenagers think about abstinence and how it functions in their lives. These questions are particularly salient in light of widespread funding of abstinence-only programs in the United States. METHODS: Data on attitudes and intentions related to abstinence and sex were collected from 365 adolescents aged 12–15 who participated in an HIV risk reduction program in Seattle in 2001–2003. Logistic regression analyses assessed associations between these cognitions, as measured six months after the program, and teenagers’ likelihood of having vaginal or anal sex in the subsequent six months. RESULTS: Adolescents who had positive attitudes and intentions about abstinence had a reduced likelihood of subsequently engaging in sex (odds ratio, 0.6 for each), whereas those with positive attitudes and intentions about having sex had an elevated likelihood of engaging in sex (2.2 and 3.5, respectively). A regression model including only sex cognitions accounted for substantially more variation in sexual activity than did one including only abstinence cognitions (15–26% vs. 6–8%). Significant interaction effects were also seen: Among teenagers with low levels of sex intention, greater abstinence intention had little relationship to the predicted probability of having sex, but among teenagers with high levels of sex intention, greater abstinence intention was associated with increases in the predicted probability of having sex. CONCLUSIONS: Youth do not consider abstinence and sexual activity opposing constructs, and solely instilling positive abstinence attitudes and intentions in youth may not have robust effects in preventing sexual activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Differences by Gender and Sexual Experience in Adolescent Sexual Behavior: Implications for Education and HIV Prevention.
- Author
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Nahom, Deborah, Wells, Elizabeth, Gillmore, Mary Rogers, Hoppe, Marilyn, Morrison, Diane M., Archibald, Matthew, Murowchick, Elise, Wilsdon, Anthony, and Graham, Laurie
- Subjects
TEENAGERS' sexual behavior ,PEER pressure in adolescence - Abstract
ABSTRACT: Researchers examined individual characteristics and peer influences related to adolescents' sexual behavior, taking gender and sexual experience into account. As part of a larger, longitudinal study investigating youth health awareness, 8th, 9th, and 10th graders reported their intentions to engage in sexual activity and use condoms in the next year, the amount of pressure they felt to engage in sexual activity, and their perceptions about the number of their peers engaging in sexual activity. Findings suggest intentions to engage in sexual behavior and use condoms, feelings of pressure to have sex, and perceptions about the number of friends engaging in sexual intercourse differ by gender and sexual experience status. Implications of these findings for health and sexuality education, as well as HIV prevention programs targeted at adolescents, are discussed. (J Sch Health. 2001;71(4):153-158) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
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- View/download PDF
4. Do family and parenting factors in adolescence influence condom use in early adulthood in a multiethnic sample of young adults?
- Author
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Gillmore MR, Chen AC, Haas SA, Kopak AM, and Robillard AG
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- Adolescent, Black or African American, Asian, Culture, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mexican Americans, Safe Sex ethnology, Sex Factors, United States, Unsafe Sex ethnology, White People, Young Adult, Condoms statistics & numerical data, Parent-Child Relations ethnology, Parenting ethnology, Safe Sex psychology, Unsafe Sex psychology
- Abstract
Studies show that positive family factors help protect adolescents from engaging in risky sexual activities, but do they continue to protect adolescents as they transition to late adolescence/early adulthood? Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we examined whether family support, parent-child closeness, parental control/monitoring of adolescent behaviors and parent-child communication about sex, assessed in adolescence, were related to condom use in late adolescence/early adulthood among African American (n = 1,986), Chinese American (n = 163), Mexican American (n = 1,011) and White (n = 6,971) youth. Controlling for demographic variables and number of sex partners, the results showed that family support was positively related and parent-child communication was negatively related to condom use for the sample as a whole and for the white sample, but not for the other groups. Parent-child communication about sex and parental control were negatively related to condom use in the Chinese American sample. None of the family factors was related to condom use in the African American or Mexican American samples. Overall, parents talked more with daughters than sons about sexual matters. Condom use was most common among African Americans and among males. Greater attention to cultural expectations regarding sex and gender roles, as well as the causal ordering of effects, are important directions for future research.
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- 2011
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5. Trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood: Chinese Americans versus non-Hispanic whites.
- Author
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Chen AC, Haas S, Gillmore MR, and Kopak A
- Subjects
- Acculturation, Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Depression ethnology, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Asian psychology, Depression epidemiology, White People psychology
- Abstract
We examined age, sex, and race/ethnicity differences in trajectories of depressive symptom from adolescence to early adulthood; we also tested whether socioeconomic status and acculturation were associated with the differences. The findings suggest that adolescents over age 15 had a higher level and faster decline in depressive symptoms than their younger counterparts; females had higher level and a faster decline in depressive symptoms than males. Chinese American females had the highest depressive symptoms sustained across 7 years; Chinese American males over age 15 had higher depressive symptoms than their White male counterparts. Neither socioeconomic status nor acculturation was significantly associated with the differences in the trajectories. Our findings suggest a need for greater attention to Chinese American adolescents' psychological well-being., (Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
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- 2011
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6. Longitudinal effects of domestic violence on employment and welfare outcomes.
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Lindhorst T, Oxford M, and Gillmore MR
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- Adolescent, Battered Women legislation & jurisprudence, Employment economics, Employment legislation & jurisprudence, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Maternal Welfare economics, Maternal Welfare legislation & jurisprudence, Pregnancy, Public Assistance economics, Public Assistance legislation & jurisprudence, Spouse Abuse economics, Spouse Abuse legislation & jurisprudence, United States epidemiology, Women's Health Services statistics & numerical data, Battered Women statistics & numerical data, Employment statistics & numerical data, Maternal Welfare statistics & numerical data, Public Assistance statistics & numerical data, Spouse Abuse statistics & numerical data, Women's Health economics
- Abstract
This study uses longitudinal data spanning 13 years from a study of 234 adolescent mothers to evaluate the effects of cumulative domestic violence on employment and welfare use before and after welfare reform. Domestic violence increased the odds of unemployment after welfare reform, but not before; domestic violence had no effect on welfare use during any time period. Psychological distress after welfare reform was associated with unemployment, but not with welfare outcomes. Thus, the authors found that the direct effect of domestic violence on unemployment is not mediated by concurrent level of psychological distress. The relationship of psychological distress to unemployment exists only for those with a history of domestic violence. Cumulative domestic violence can have negative effects on economic capacity many years after the violence occurs, suggesting that policymakers recognize the long-term nature of the impact of domestic violence on women's capacity to be economically self-reliant.
- Published
- 2007
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7. Sex education as health promotion: what does it take?
- Author
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Schaalma HP, Abraham C, Gillmore MR, and Kok G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adolescent Health Services standards, Attitude to Health, HIV Infections prevention & control, Humans, Quality Indicators, Health Care, Social Support, Teaching standards, Teaching Materials standards, United States, Health Promotion standards, School Health Services standards, Sex Education standards, Sexual Behavior
- Abstract
Health promotion should be evidence-based, needs driven, subject to evaluation, and ecological in perspective. How can this be achieved in the context of school-based sex education? Adopting new behaviors and giving up old habits involves common decision-making, planning, motivational control, and goal prioritization processes. Consequently, despite the particular nature of sexual behavior, models of cognitive change applied to other health-related behaviors also apply to the promotion of safer sex practice. Young people are less likely to have unprotected sexual intercourse if they have acquired a variety of social skills relevant to dealing with romantic and sexual relationships. Many of these social skills and the methods employed to facilitate their development are also important to the promotion of other health behaviors. However, teaching social skills relevant to sexual behavior in classroom settings requires specialist expertise both in program design and in delivery by teachers or facilitators. Theory- and evidence-based programs designed to promote such skills and modified on the basis of effectiveness evaluations are most likely to have an impact on the rate of pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections among young people. Yet, such programs may not be used in schools because of policy and cultural constraints. When this is the case, optimally effective health promotion cannot be delivered. Health promoters should acknowledge these challenges and facilitate the adoption and implementation of effective sexual health promotion programs by targeting communities and legislators.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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