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With their increasing popularity, there is a need for more research clarifying the potential strengths and weaknesses of the comic format for education. The panelled comic format may be particularly effective for educating adults on the scientific aspects of processes (sequences of events, occurring over time, in a series of discrete steps). We tested change in performance in adults (n = 879) in correctly ordering the stages in four processes before and after being exposed to educational material about these processes. The material was presented in a random selection of one of seven experimentally manipulated formats based on characteristics of comic books. Overall, participant performance improved after seeing the educational material. There were significant differences in learning between the processes, suggesting that the benefits, or detriments, of the comic format may be subject-specific. Performance was significantly better when images were subdivided into panels, and worse when an explanatory agent (character) was included, though these differences in performance did not survive adjustment for multiple comparisons. This study presents some evidence that the panelled nature of the comic format supports learning about scientific processes in adults. Given results differed notably between the specific topics to be learned, there is substantial scope for further investigation.

This paper provides a response to B. Davis' and H. Alexander's article "Israel Education: A Philosophical Analysis," (EJ1384540) published in this same issue of the Journal of Jewish Education. The authors provide a valuable conceptual map of six distinctive, sometimes intersecting and sometimes conflicting ideologies and purposes that different educators and educational institutions take in teaching Israel to Jewish learners outside of Israel. They then argue for an educational approach described as Mature Zionism. While their educational strategy appears laudable, it is rooted in a premise that claims the ethical liberalism of many American Jews is incompatible with instilling a rich conception of Jewish life. This paper challenges Davis and Alexander to begin from a more value neutral premise, rather than claiming the ethical liberalism of American Jews as weakness that needs to be corrected by offering alternative paradigms. This paper offers another approach described as "teaching towards ambivalence. While similar in some ways to the framework of value pluralism proposed by Davis and Alexander and Davis, this approach begins with accepting that a wide range of views, understandings, and relationships with Israel are possible in American Jewish life. It also recognizes that a commitment and connection to Israel in a vision for the "good life" is not a prerequisite for rich cultural vitality in liberal American Jewish life.

The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) technology offers promising solutions to underserved populations in the United States. AI tools can reduce college access and academic barriers for low‐income students, first‐generation college students, racial and ethnic minorities, individuals with disabilities, and students living in rural areas. While AI tools offer support to college students from all demographics, they offer uniquely individualized assistance to underserved students to overcome the complex postsecondary schooling challenges they face. Examples of the nuanced, often complex, obstacles faced by these vulnerable students are discussed along with brief descriptions of AI tools that can help. AI tools leverage the power of high‐speed computing, expansive access to information, machine learning capabilities, and natural language processing. Utilizing the power of AI tools, vulnerable learners can increase their access to financial, academic, and social resources needed to attend and be successful in postsecondary education. AI tools also help close opportunity gaps as they provide means by which college students gain increased independence and control over their educational and career journeys. Note that the AI tools referenced in this article are included as examples only. We encourage ongoing discussion of AI‐powered tools and solutions to help underserved students gain more access to higher education and get individualized support for vulnerable learners. Practical Takeaways: Highlighting the potential of AI in addressing educational inequalities.Using AI in higher education settings for educators to better understand and respond to student needs.Implementing AI usage in higher education settings for underserved populations to reduce dropout rates.Leveraging technology to offer tailored guidance, bridging gaps, and fostering community among the underserved populations in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Purpose Return to sport decision-making may be improved by assessing an athlete's ability to coordinate movement with opponents in sport. The purpose was to investigate whether previous injuries associated with female soccer players' interpersonal coordination during a collision avoidance task. The authors hypothesized that external perturbations would disrupt the strength and stability of coordinated movement, and that individuals with a history of injury would be less likely to recover coordinated movement. Study Design Cross-Sectional Methods Nine female athletes with a history of lower extremity injuries and nine without injuries were paired into dyads. Each dyad completed twenty trials of an externally paced collision-avoidance agility task with an unanticipated perturbation. Participant trajectories were digitized and analyzed using cross-recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) to determine the strength and stability of interpersonal coordination dynamics. Trials in which participants with injury history assumed leader or follower roles within each dyad were then used to study how dyadic coordination varied across task stages (early, perturbation, and late) using linear mixed effect models. Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated to demonstrate magnitude of differences. In exploratory analysis, psychological readiness (i.e., self-reported knee functioning, fear of injury, and risk-taking propensity) was evaluated for their association with leader-follower status. Results Perturbation disrupted the strength (R2=0.65, p<0.001, early=49.7±1.7, perturbation=41.1±1.7, d=0.39) and stability (R2=0.71, p < 0.001, early=65.0±1.6, perturbation=58.0±1.7, d=0.38) of interpersonal coordination regardless of leader-follower status. Individuals with injury history failed to restore coordination after the perturbation compared to control participants (injury=44.2.0±2.1, control=50.8±2.6, d=0.39). Neither demographic nor psychological measures were associated with leader-follower roles (B=0.039, p=0.224). Conclusion Individuals with a history of lower extremity injury may have a diminished ability to adapt interpersonal coordination to perturbations, possibly contributing to a higher risk of re-injury. Level of Evidence 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the associations of protein‐specific anti–malondialdehyde‐acetaldehyde (MAA) antibodies with prevalent and incident rheumatoid arthritis–interstitial lung disease (RA‐ILD). Methods: Within a multicenter, prospective cohort of US veterans with RA, RA‐ILD was validated by medical record review of clinical diagnoses, chest imaging, and pathology. Serum antibodies to MAA‐albumin, MAA‐collagen, MAA‐fibrinogen, and MAA‐vimentin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) were measured by a standardized enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Associations of anti‐MAA antibodies with prevalent and incident RA‐ILD were assessed using multivariable regression models adjusting for established RA‐ILD risk factors. Results: Among 2,739 participants with RA (88% male, mean age of 64 years), there were 114 with prevalent and 136 with incident RA‐ILD (average time to diagnosis: 6.6 years). Higher IgM anti–MAA‐collagen (per 1 SD: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.61), IgA anti–MAA‐fibrinogen (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14–1.92), and IgA (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.34–2.37) and IgG (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14–1.92) anti–MAA‐vimentin antibodies were associated with prevalent RA‐ILD. In incident analyses, higher IgA (per one SD: adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 1.40, 95% CI 1.11–1.76) and IgM (aHR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.60) anti–MAA‐albumin antibody concentrations were associated with increased ILD risk. Participants with IgA (aHR 2.13, 95% CI 1.16–3.90) or IgM (aHR 1.98, 95% CI 1.08–3.64) anti–MAA‐albumin antibody concentrations in the highest quartile had an approximately two‐fold increased risk of incident RA‐ILD. Across all isotypes, anti–MAA‐fibrinogen, anti–MAA‐collagen, and anti–MAA‐vimentin antibodies were not significantly associated with incident RA‐ILD. Conclusion: Protein‐specific anti‐MAA antibodies to collagen, fibrinogen, and vimentin were associated with prevalent RA‐ILD. IgA and IgM anti–MAA‐albumin antibodies were associated with a higher risk of incident RA‐ILD. These findings suggest that MAA modifications and resultant immune responses may contribute to RA‐ILD pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We estimate the effect of the natural gas fuel cost on the choices for a new power generator; the energy source of gas, wind, or solar; and its capacity. Higher fuel costs increase odds of more renewable capacity, as opposed to gas, with large, significant effects for both wind and solar. As the United States has yet to implement nationwide carbon policies, we use fuel cost to proxy for a carbon tax. Our scenarios of $10–$50 per ton of carbon dioxide reduce emissions from new generators by 22%–47%, equivalent to 2%–4% of total electricity emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted the Adolescent Behavior and Experiences Survey (ABES) to examine disruption and adversity during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the association between social determinants of health (SDoH) and cognitive problems attributed to physical or mental health problems among high school students. Method The ABES was an online survey. Perceived cognitive problems were assessed with the question: "Because of a physical, mental, or emotional problem, do you have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?" A SDoH index was created by summing endorsements to 12 variables. Results Participants were 6,992 students, age 14–18, with 3,294 boys (47%) and 3,698 girls (53%). Many adolescents reported experiencing cognitive problems (i.e. 45%), with girls (56%) more likely to report cognitive difficulties than boys (33%) [χ2(1) = 392.55, p  < 0.001]. Having poor mental health was strongly associated with cognitive problems in both girls [81%, χ2(1, 3680) = 650.20, p  < 0.001] and boys [67%, χ2(1, 3267) = 418.69, p  < 0.001]. There was a positive, linear association between the number of SDoH experienced and reporting cognitive problems. Binary logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of cognitive difficulty for both boys and girls (e.g. being bullied electronically, experiencing food insecurity during the pandemic, being treated unfairly because of their race or ethnicity, and being in a physical fight). Conclusions A strikingly high proportion of adolescents reported experiencing problems with their cognitive functioning. After adjusting for current mental health problems, several SDoH remained associated with adolescents' reported cognitive difficulties, including experiencing racism, bullying, parental job loss, and food insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extension educators need intercultural competence to communicate with international audiences and facilitate dialogue in diverse domestic communities. Although many Extension professionals have traveled abroad, experience abroad does not necessarily lead to intercultural competence without intentional intercultural development support. We describe a novel program designed to develop Extension educators' intercultural competence by involving them as mentors in an undergraduate agriculture study abroad program. Statements by the participating educators support increased ability to recognize and adapt to multiple frameworks, increased self-reflection, and enriched interactions and programming for their diverse communities.

The Korean Society for Educational Technology (KSET) hosted its second panel discussion partnering with the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) at the 2019 AECT Convention in Las Vegas, Nevada. A total of four panelists, two from Korea and two from the U.S., participated in the discussion on the trends of educational technology in Korea and in the U.S. for one hour. The topics covered were smart schools in a smart city of Korea, characteristics of mobile learning environments, learning analytics for instructional design, and artificial intelligence for learning sciences research.

Purpose: This monograph reports on the strategic and operational roles of learning and development (L&D) professionals in Irish, UK European and US organisations including multinational corporations, small to medium enterprises, the public sector and not for profit organisations. This paper aims to investigate the contextual factors influencing L&D roles in organisations, the strategic and operational roles that L&D professionals play in organisations, the competencies and career trajectories of L&D professionals, the perceptions of multiple internal stakeholders of the effectiveness of L&D roles and the relationships between context, L&D roles, competencies/expertise and perceived organisational effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach: The study findings are based on the use of multiple methods. The authors gathered data from executives, senior managers, line managers, employee and L&D professionals using multiple methods: a survey (n = 440), Delphi study (n = 125) and semi-structured interviews (n = 30). Findings: The analysis revealed that L&D professionals increasingly respond to a multiplicity of external and internal contextual influences and internal stakeholders perceived the effectiveness of L&D professionals differently with significant gaps in perceptions of what L&D contributes to organisational effectiveness. L&D professionals perform both strategic and operational roles in organisations and they progress through four career levels. Each L&D role and career level requires a distinct and unique set of foundational competencies and L&D expertise. The authors found that different contextual predictors were important in explaining the perceived effectiveness of L&D roles and the importance attached to different foundational competencies and areas of L&D expertise. Originality/value: This is one of the few studies to have investigated the L&D professional role in organisations from the perspective of multiple stakeholders using multiple research methods.

Background In 2020, the American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists (ASSET) published an evidence-based consensus statement outlining postoperative rehabilitation guidelines following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Purpose The purpose of this study was to (1) quantify the variability in online anatomic TSA rehabilitation protocols, and (2) assess their congruence with the ASSET consensus guidelines. Methods This study was a cross-sectional investigation of publicly available, online rehabilitation protocols for anatomic TSA. A web-based search was conducted in April 2022 of publicly available rehabilitation protocols for TSA. Each collected protocol was independently reviewed by two authors to identify recommendations regarding immobilization, initiation, and progression of passive (PROM) and active range of motion (AROM), as well as the initiation and progression of strengthening and post-operative exercises and activities. The time to initiation of various components of rehabilitation was recorded as the time at which the activity or motion threshold was permitted by the protocol. Comparisons between ASSET start dates and mean start dates from included protocols were performed. Results Of the 191 academic institutions included, 46 (24.08%) had publicly available protocols online, and a total of 91 unique protocols were included in the final analysis. There were large variations seen among included protocols for the duration and type of immobilization post-operatively, as well as for the initiation of early stretching, PROM, AROM, resistance exercises, and return to sport. Of the 37 recommendations reported by both the ASSET and included protocols, 31 (83.78%) were found to be significantly different between groups (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each year, World Vision and AusAID devote substantial resources to their educational programs. These initiatives include the production and dissemination of Global Education related instructional materials and the provision of professional learning for teachers. Given the substantial funds involved, it is important that we evaluate the effectiveness of such initiatives. Are they for example enhancing students' knowledge and understanding of global issues? Do they have a positive impact on attitudes and values of students? Do they enhance students' sense of self or personal identity? Do they make students more predisposed to support programs that seek to alleviate poverty in developing countries? And, do they promote active and informed global citizenship? The purpose of this study is to investigate how the study of Global Education impacts student knowledge, understanding, attitudes and values. The research reported here explores student attitudes and values using quantitative data extracted from a total of 521 pre- and post- questionnaires. The authors will discuss that, despite the anticipated positive effect of the Global Education program, the results revealed an element of intolerance in the students' responses.

Universities have come to be viewed as essential in accelerating a country's knowledge economy in order to maintain its global competitive edge. However, as it currently stands, the Global North governs much of the output of knowledge production through research and scholarship. International partnerships between universities offer the opportunity to bridge this gap by offering new avenues through which these institutions can better prepare students for the globalized world and build institutional capacity. This study examines the process between two universities in initiating and sustaining an international partnership and why this relationship was established. Emphasis is placed on the function of each university partner and how each perceives the other's contribution towards the objectives outlined in the partnership agreement. Utilizing a case-study approach, the study aims to chart the process undertaken to cultivate a cross-global university alliance.

Over recent decades, the southeastern United States (Southeast) has become increasingly well represented by the terrestrial climate proxy record. However, while the paleo proxy records capture the region's hydroclimatic history over the last several centuries, the understanding of near surface air temperature variability is confined to the comparatively shorter observational period (1895‐present). Here, we detail the application of blue intensity (BI) methods on a network of tree‐ring collections and examine their utility for producing robust paleotemperature estimates. Results indicate that maximum latewood BI (LWBI) chronologies exhibit positive and temporally stable correlations (r = 0.28–0.54, p < 0.01) with summer maximum temperatures. As such, we use a network of LWBI chronologies to reconstruct August‐September average maximum temperatures for the Southeast spanning the period 1760–2010 CE. Our work demonstrates the utility of applying novel dendrochronological techniques to improve the understanding of the multi‐centennial temperature history of the Southeast. Plain Language Summary: Tree‐ring data are important sources of paleoclimate information, which allow for the longer‐term evaluation of modern climate values and trends. Compared to much of North America, the Southeastern United States (Southeast) contains substantially fewer paleoclimate records from tree rings, and no estimates of past temperature variability which extend before the observational period. Employing a recently developed technique, which uses light reflectance properties of wood to obtain a representative metric of tree‐ring density, we develop a network of temperature‐sensitive tree‐ring records across the Southeast. These records enable us to reconstruct late summer maximum temperatures across the region spanning the period 1760–2023 CE. As few ground‐based, pre‐instrumental temperature records previously existed for this region, our reconstruction allows for an improved understanding of the region's multi‐centennial climatic history. Key Points: Maximum latewood blue intensity from tree rings can effectively be used to develop paleotemperature estimates for the southeastern USThe fidelity of tree‐ring density parameters for paleoclimate reconstruction are influenced by disturbance regimes and microsite conditionsCompared to the last 260 years, regional 20th‐century maximum late summer temperatures are not characterized by unprecedented positive trend [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using new weakness cutpoints individually may help estimate time to mortality, but their collective use could improve value. We sought to determine the associations of (a) each absolute and body size normalized cut point and (b) collective weakness on time to mortality in Americans. The analytic sample included 14,178 subjects aged ≥50 years from the 2006-2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Date of death was confirmed from the National Death Index. Handgrip dynamometry measured handgrip strength (HGS). Men were categorized as weak if their HGS was <35.5 kg (absolute), <0.45 kg-kg-1 (body mass normalized), or <1.05 kg-kg-1-m-2 (body mass index [BMI] normalized). Women were classified as weak if their HGS was <20.0 kg, <0.337 kg-kg-1, or <0.79 kg-kg-1-m-2. Collective weakness categorized persons as below 1, 2, or all 3 cutpoints. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used for analyses. Subject values below each absolute and normalized cutpoint for the 3 weakness parameters had a higher hazard ratio for early all cause mortality: 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-1.55) for absolute weakness, 1.39 (CI: 1.30-1.49) for BMI normalized weakness, and 1.33 (Cl: 1.24-1.43) for body mass normalized weakness. Those below 1, 2, or all 3 weakness cut points had a 1.37 (CI: 1.26-1.50), 1.47 (CI: 1.35-1.61), and 1.69 (CI: 1.55-1.84) higher hazard for mortality, respectively. Weakness determined by a composite measure of absolute and body size adjusted strength capacity provides robust prediction of time to mortality, thus potentially informing sports medicine and health practitioner discussions about the importance of muscle strength during aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the associations of plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with prevalent and incident interstitial lung disease (ILD) in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Within a multicenter, prospective cohort of US veterans with RA, we performed a cross‐sectional study of prevalent ILD and cohort study of incident ILD. ILD diagnoses were validated by medical record review of provider diagnoses and chest imaging and/or pathology reports. MMP‐1, 3, 7, and 9 concentrations were measured in plasma samples, then standardized and categorized into quartiles. The associations of MMPs with prevalent and incident ILD were assessed with logistic (prevalent) and Cox (incident) regression models adjusted for RA‐ILD risk factors. Results: Among 2,312 participants (88.9% male; mean age 63.8 years), 96 had prevalent ILD. Incident ILD developed in 130 participants over 17,378 person‐years of follow‐up (crude incidence rate 7.5/1,000 person‐years). Participants with the highest quartile of MMP‐7 concentrations had a nearly four‐fold increased odds of prevalent ILD (adjusted odds ratio 3.78 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.86–7.65]) and over two‐fold increased risk of incident ILD (adjusted hazard ratio 2.33 [95% CI 1.35–4.02]). Higher MMP‐9 concentrations were also associated with prevalent and incident ILD, as well as negatively correlated with forced vital capacity among those with prevalent ILD (r = −0.30, P = 0.005). Conclusion: MMP‐7 and MMP‐9 were strongly associated with both prevalent and incident ILD in this large, multicenter RA cohort after adjustment for other RA‐ILD risk factors. These population‐level findings further support a potential pathogenic role for MMPs in RA‐ILD and suggest that their measurement could facilitate RA‐ILD risk stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Following the removal of lead from gasoline, paint and pipes were thought to be the main sources of lead exposure in the United States. However, consumer products, such as certain spices, ceramic and metal cookware, traditional health remedies, and cultural powders, are increasingly recognized as important sources of lead exposure across the United States. OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews data from four US jurisdictions that conduct in-home investigations for children with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) to examine the prevalence of lead exposures associated with consumer products, in comparison with housing-related sources. METHODS: Authors reviewed investigation data (2010–2021) provided by California, Oregon, New York City, and King County, Washington, and compared the extent of lead exposures associated with housing-related vs. consumer products–related sources. DISCUSSION: The proportion of investigations identifying consumer products–related sources of lead exposure varied by jurisdiction (range: 15%– 38%). A review of US CDC and US FDA alerts and New York City data indicates that these types of lead-containing products are often sourced internationally, with many hand carried into the United States during travel. Based on surveillance data, we believe that US immigrant and refugee communities are at an increased risk for lead exposures associated with these products. To engage health authorities, there is a need for evidentiary data. We recommend implementing a national product surveillance database systematically tracking data on consumer products tested by childhood lead poisoning prevention programs. The data repository should be centralized and accessible to all global stakeholders, including researchers and governmental and nongovernmental agencies, who can use these data to inform investigations. Effectively identifying and addressing the availability of lead-containing consumer products at their source can focus resources on primary prevention, reducing lead exposures for users abroad and in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare chaplains address broad social and emotional dimensions of care within a pluralistic religious landscape. Although the development and evaluation of chaplaincy interventions has advanced the field, little research has investigated factors influencing the implementation of new chaplain interventions. In this mixed-method study, we examined attitudes about evidence-based interventions held by chaplain residents (n = 39) at the outset of an ACPE-accredited residency program in the southeast United States. We also used semi-structured interviews (n = 9) to examine residents' attitudes, beliefs, and decision-making processes after they trained in the delivery of a novel manualized intervention, Compassion-Centered Spiritual Health (CCSH). Most residents reported favorable attitudes toward manualized approaches prior to training. Interviews revealed complex decision-making processes and highlighted personal motivations and challenges to learning and implementing CCSH. Implementation science can reveal factors related to motivation, intention, and training that may be optimized to improve the implementation of healthcare chaplaincy interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Temporal bone resection (TBR) with or without neck dissection (ND) is performed for otologic malignancies with occult or clinical cervical lymph node metastases. To date, characterization of post-operative complications in single institution case series may be non-representative of real-world outcomes. Here, we used data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to comprehensively assess the complications encountered, their frequencies, and to identify underlying risk factors to improve future outcomes. Methods: The population was patients undergoing TBR and ND derived from the NIS between the years of 2017 and 2019. We utilized ICD-10 diagnosis codes to identify patients with post-operative complications, those discharged to non-home facilities (DNHF), and those with increased length of stay (LOS). Multivariable regression was performed to identify significant variables related to the above outcomes. Results: Ninety of 277 patients that underwent LTBR with ND had postoperative complications. Wound complications were the most frequent complication, occurring in 11 (4%) of patients, followed by CSF leak (n = 6; 2.2%), with acute respiratory failure being the most common medical complication (n = 4; 1.4%). Sixteen percent (45/277) were discharged to a facility besides home. Dementia (OR = 7.96; CI95 3.62-17.48), anemia (OR = 2.39; CI95 1.15-4.99), congestive heart failure (OR = 5.31; CI95 1.82-15.45), COPD (OR = 3.70; CI95 1.35-10.16), and history of prior stroke (OR = 8.50; CI95 1.55-46.68) increased the odds of DNHF. When evaluating LOS (median = 5 days, IQR = 1, 9), anemia (OR = 5.49; CI95 2.86-10.52), and Medicaid insurance (OR = 3.07; CI95 1.06-10.52) were found to increase the LOS. Conclusions: The vast majority of patients undergoing LTBR with ND have no complications and are discharged within a week. Liver disease is a risk factor for medical complications and increased charges. Patients with dementia or a prior stroke are at risk for DNHF, and those with prior anemia are at risk for a wound complication. Lay Summary: This study identified factors related to worse post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing temporal bone resection and neck dissection. Although safe for most patients, an existing diagnosis of liver disease, stroke, dementia, and anemia specifically are at risk for developing negative outcomes. Level of Evidence: 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for greater than twenty thousand new cases of leukemia annually in the United States. The average five-year survival rate is approximately 30%, pointing to the need for developing novel model systems for drug discovery. In particular, patients with chromosomal rearrangements in the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene have higher relapse rates with poor outcomes. In this study we investigated the expression of human MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 in the myeloid lineage of zebrafish embryos. We observed an expansion of MLL positive cells and determined these cells colocalized with the myeloid markers spi1b, mpx, and mpeg. In addition, expression of MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 induced the expression of endogenous bcl2 and cdk9, genes that are often dysregulated in MLL-r-AML. Co-treatment of lyz: MLL-ENL or lyz:MLL-AF9 expressing embryos with the BCL2 inhibitor, Venetoclax, and the CDK9 inhibitor, Flavopiridol, significantly reduced the number of MLL positive cells compared to embryos treated with vehicle or either drug alone. In addition, cotreatment with Venetoclax and Flavopiridol significantly reduced the expression of endogenous mcl1a compared to vehicle, consist with AML. This new model of MLL-r-AML provides a novel tool to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression and a platform for drug discovery. Author summary: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for over twenty thousand new cases of leukemia per year in the United States. MLL rearrangements (MLL-r) occur in approximately 10% of AML patients, with 34% of those harboring an MLL-ENL or MLL-AF9 rearrangement. Patients with an MLL-r have a higher relapse rate and their overall survival is low, pointing to a need for novel therapeutic interventions. Zebrafish have emerged as a powerful model system to study hematological malignancies due their conserved hematopoietic program, genetic tractability, and pharmacological accessibility. Expression of human MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 in the myeloid lineage of zebrafish embryos induced an expansion of myeloid cells and caused an increase in expression of endogenous bcl2 and cdk9. MLL expression was significantly reduced in lyz:MLL-ENL and lyz-MLL-AF9 embryos co-treated with the BCL2 inhibitor (Venetoclax) and the CDK9 inhibitor (Flavopiridol) compared to embryos treated with vehicle or either drug alone. Reduced MLL expression occurred in conjunction with a significant decrease in mcl1a expression, consistent with human AML cells. Taken together, these results further support the use of zebrafish to model hematological malignancies for drug discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mail and wire fraud statutes are the "first line of defense" against fraudulent activities. Adaptable and broadly written, they are go-to tools in the whitecollar prosecutor's arsenal. But this flexibility has also raised concern about their expansive and indeterminate scope--leading the Supreme Court to eliminate certain honest-services theories of fraud and limit property-based theories of fraud to the protection of "traditional property interests." Unfortunately, the vagueness of the traditional property interests test has resulted in a confusing morass of inconsistent judgments. With limited guidance from the Supreme Court on how to conduct such an inquiry, lower courts have struggled to consistently determine whether alleged property interests are covered by these statutes. This has led to overturned convictions in high-profile mail and wire fraud cases ranging from the Varsity Blues college admission scandal to the Buffalo Billion bid-rigging scheme. This Comment aims to aid courts conducting the traditional property interest analysis by synthesizing the Supreme Court's property-based case law and proposing a hallmarks-of-property test. By providing structure to the currently amorphous analysis, the hallmarks-of-property test should minimize lingering constitutional vagueness concerns and provide increased deterrence to the would-be fraudsters across the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educators across the United States have designed and implemented Comprehensive, Integrated, Three-tiered (Ci3T) models to meet K–12 students' academic, behavioral, and social and emotional well-being needs. As part of implementation efforts, educators collect and use social validity and treatment integrity data to capture faculty and staff views of the plan's goals, procedures, and outcomes and the degree to which the plan is implemented as designed (e.g., procedures for teaching, reinforcing, and monitoring). In this study, we re-examined the relation between social validity and treatment integrity utilizing hierarchical linear modeling with extant data from a research partnership across 27 schools in five midwestern districts. Findings suggested an educator's fall and spring social validity score on the Primary Intervention Rating Scale (PIRS) predicted their treatment integrity scores on the Ci3T Treatment Integrity: Teacher Self-Report (CI3T TI: TSR) in the same timepoint. Schoolwide average fall PIRS scores also statistically significantly predicted spring Ci3T TI: TSR scores. Results suggested schoolwide context is important for sustained implementation of Tier 1 procedures during the first year. Findings demonstrate the complex nature of implementing a schoolwide plan, involving each individual's behavior while also relying on others to facilitate implementation. We discuss limitations and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) is the most common malignancy in children after transplant; however, difficulties for early detection may worsen the prognosis. Methods: The prospective, multicenter, study enrolled 944 children (≤21 years of age). Of these, 872 received liver, heart, kidney, intestinal, or multivisceral transplants in seven US centers between 2014 and 2019 (NCT02182986). In total, 34 pediatric EBV+ PTLD (3.9%) were identified by biopsy. Variables included sex, age, race, ethnicity, transplanted organ, EBV viral load, pre‐transplant EBV serology, immunosuppression, response to chemotherapy and rituximab, and histopathological diagnosis. Results: The uni−/multivariable competing risk analyses revealed the combination of EBV‐seropositive donor and EBV‐naïve recipient (D+R−) was a significant risk factor for PTLD development (sub‐hazard ratio: 2.79 [1.34–5.78], p =.006) and EBV DNAemia (2.65 [1.72–4.09], p <.001). Patients with D+R− were significantly more associated with monomorphic/polymorphic PTLD than those with the other combinations (p =.02). Patients with monomorphic/polymorphic PTLD (n = 21) had significantly more EBV DNAemia than non‐PTLD patients (p <.001) and an earlier clinical presentation of PTLD than patients with hyperplasias (p <.001), within 6‐month post‐transplant. Among non‐liver transplant recipients, monomorphic/polymorphic PTLD were significantly more frequent than hyperplasias in patients ≥5 years of age at transplant (p =.01). Conclusions: D+R− is a risk factor for PTLD and EBV DNAemia and associated with the incidence of monomorphic/polymorphic PTLD. Intensive follow‐up of EBV viral load within 6‐month post‐transplant, especially for patients with D+R− and/or non‐liver transplant recipients ≥5 years of age at transplant, may help detect monomorphic/polymorphic PTLD early in pediatric transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rural patients with heart failure (HF) have higher mortality and hospitalization rates compared with their urban counterparts. Although research supports the inclusion of informal caregivers in daily self-care activities, data are limited regarding the problems encountered by rural patient/caregiver dyads living with HF inmanaging HF in the home and how these problems are managed. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and describe HF self-care problems experienced by rural dyads in the home and how these problems are managed. Methods: Using a descriptive qualitative design, data were collected from rural patient/caregiver dyads living with HF via individual, semistructured, telephone interviews and analyzed using schematic content analysis. Interviews and data analysis occurred concurrently until data saturation was reached. Results: Thematic data saturation was obtained with 11 dyads. On average, patients were 65.3 (±13.9) years old, and caregivers were 62 (±12.37) years old. Four themes illustrating dyadic HF self-care problems and management strategies emerged: (1) HF self-care components, namely, maintenance, symptom monitoring, and management (diet, exercise, activities, strategies); (2) environment (rural barriers, COVID-19); (3) caregiver contributors (confidence, role); and (4) dyadic contributors (dyadic relationship). Dyads described various self-care problems, with the type of relationship and presence of mutuality influencing the problem-solving process and development of management strategies. Conclusions: The identified themes emphasize the self-care problems experienced by rural dyads living with HF and the contributions of both dyad members to effectively manage these challenges. Findings support the need for culturally sensitive, tailored interventions targeting self-care in rural dyads living with HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to current education policies that conceptualize pupil learning largely in terms of standardized exam scores, we offer an alternative view, one that conceives of pupil learning as a source of insight for pupils and teachers alike. Drawing on survey data and a qualitative study of the teacher candidate experience, we explore the following questions: In a teacher education program committed to promoting social justice, embracing an inquiry-into-practice stance, and affirming diversity by meeting the needs of diverse learners, how do teacher candidates assess pupil learning, in particular, how are their assessments influenced by these program themes? Further, how do they respond when dilemmas linked to pupil learning arise? Specifically, we focused on dilemmas two teacher candidates encountered that engendered a sense of "disequilibrium," a feeling something was not quite right with their teaching. In turn, we consider how they responded--typically taking ownership of dilemmas and modifying their teaching, while occasionally distancing themselves from responsibility for pupil performance. To conclude, we discuss implications for teachers educators, and specifically for Catholic institutions of higher education that prepare teachers for both public and Catholic schools. (Contains 4 footnotes.)

In this content analysis, we explored how students address instructor ideology in the university classroom through the social media platform Twitter. We employed Boolean search operators through Salesforce Marketing Cloud Radian6 software to gather tweets and identified English language tweets by how students referenced their instructor's ideology. Tweets originated in the United States (U.S.), the United Kingdom (U.K.), and Australia. Using qualitative coding procedures, we identified seven themes in the data that described how students wrote about instructor ideology on Twitter: "venting regarding instructor's ideology," "sharing classroom anecdote," "affirming instructor's beliefs/actions," "expressing grade concern," "articulating an opposing view," "reporting conflict," and "indicating confusion." Across categories, Twitter was employed primarily as a back-stage means to communicate expressive dissent regarding instructor ideology and also to demonstrate students' identity. We identified differences between categories based on the perceived ideology of the students' instructors as well as differences in the number of tweets per capita originating in each country.

The aim of this paper is to induce doubt about the ethical rightness of compulsory education laws and inspire educators to imagine and begin to make a world in which there are many different forms of gifted education. The paper does this in three ways. It paints a polemical picture of gifted education as a minor variation on public schooling and describes the contradictions and limitations this entails. It presents a short history of education in the United States to support the claim that compulsory schooling aims to shape the character of children in the interests of religion, government, corporations, and other groups. It argues that compulsory schooling is inconsistent with the liberal democratic value of the right to self-determination. The paper also offers a conception of education for self-development as one vision of what gifted education could be were it freed from the strictures of compulsory schooling.