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The United States has witnessed enormous criminal justice system growth in the past 60 years. In response to calls for reform, several jurisdictions have implemented programs that provide intensive supervision for high risk offenders, swiftly responding to violations with sanctions. This quasi experimental study is the first comprehensive analysis of Michigan's Swift and Sure Sanctions Probation Program (SSSPP), an alternative-to-incarceration program. The findings indicate that SSSPP participants had lower recidivism rates compared with individuals sentenced to probation-as-usual. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the racial differences in the health status of non-institutionalized cognitively impaired older adults in rural areas in Arkansas. Basis in the examination of health status; Detection of high instrumental activities of daily living in African Americans; Factors effecting the health status of older adults.

Focuses on the findings of a 1991 study of the Southwest Missouri State University on the social experience of Black college students at a predominantly White university. Effect of race on making friends; Participation in social groups and interest groups; Social segregation and group solidarity among Black students.

The authors report the results from a study of a residential crisis program house in Missouri. Like other programs of its kind, the program is designed to provide a home-like atmosphere for consumers experiencing acute episodes. The study contributes to a quantitative comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of such programs; it suggests that a residential crisis program is a less expensive alternative to hospitalization and appears to serve the short-term stabilization needs of its clientele. Client self-reports confirm return to preadmission functioning and high levels of satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes predictors of successful discharge and recidivism over a seven-year period following the discharge of subjects from the Kalamazoo Probation Enhancement Program (KPEP). Description of KPEP; Employment of a phase or level system of programming by halfway houses.

The development of the issue of racial stability is traced in a Chicago suburb through analysis of key actors, organizations, and rules of the political process. A transition from race to class and form the community level to a consortium of municipalities is observed and explained through reference to demographic, ideological, geographic, and strategic factors. The experience of this suburb is argued to represent a pattern which may be useful in other suburban venues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of mirror state counterplans in academic debate in the U.S. It explores the unjustifiable use of mirror state counterplans which includes inconsistency with normal state behavior, topicality and illegitimate advantages. The need of simultaneous, immediate and uniform action by all 50 states for adoption of mirror counterplans on the federal level is mentioned.