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Creativity is a vital topic of various educational discourses, yet the support it receives within the school system is insufficient. This chapter focuses on four particular ways of making creativity more democratized, salient, and accessible in school settings. We start by exploring the educational benefits of egalitarian theoretical approaches to creativity. Then, we posit that democratization requires an equal focus on the cognitive aspects of creative potential and the motivational sphere of self-perception and self-regulation. Third, analyzing cognitive characteristics, we pay special attention to creative imagery: an understudied yet critical aspect of creative potential. By meta-analyzing available evidence from interventional studies, we show that there are multiple effective approaches to enhancing creative imagery, so--in a sense--supporting creative potential might be democratized as well by going beyond creativity training. Fourth, and finally, we discuss the possibilities of adapting so-called wise interventions for the educational psychology of creativity. We review available evidence of how to strengthen creative confidence and the perceived value of creativity among students, and how to make their creative self-regulation more effective.

Background Despite high vaccination rates, the United States has experienced a resurgence in reported cases of pertussis after switching to the acellular pertussis vaccine, indicating a need for improved vaccines that enhance infection control. Methods Bordetella pertussis antigens recognized by convalescent-baboon serum and nasopharyngeal wash were identified by immunoproteomics and their subcellular localization predicted. Genes essential or important for persistence in the baboon airway were identified by transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS) analysis. Results In total, 314 B. pertussis antigens were identified by convalescent baboon serum and 748 by nasopharyngeal wash. Thirteen antigens were identified as immunogenic in baboons, essential for persistence in the airway by TraDIS, and membrane-localized: BP0840 (OmpP), Pal, OmpA2, BP1485, BamA, Pcp, MlaA, YfgL, BP2197, BP1569, MlaD, ComL, and BP0183. Conclusions The B. pertussis antigens identified as immunogenic, essential for persistence in the airway, and membrane-localized warrant further investigation for inclusion in vaccines designed to reduce or prevent carriage of bacteria in the airway of vaccinated individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This review explores in vivo models of prostate cancer currently published in the literature, with the focus on the prostate cancer mouse models that have recently been proposed. The information that researchers currently have about such models is critical for the information that they hope to obtain from future studies. Therefore, it is important that the various models currently published in the literature are systematically brought together. With the benefits and drawbacks of various types of prostate cancer models provided in this review, combined with their relationships to different signaling pathways and stages of tumor progression, the researcher may tackle the question of which model or gene of interest associated with the development of prostate cancer bests suits their future studies. In 2022, prostate cancer (PCa) is estimated to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States—almost 270,000 American men are estimated to be diagnosed with PCa in 2022. This review compares and contrasts in vivo models of PCa with regards to the altered genes, signaling pathways, and stages of tumor progression associated with each model. The main type of model included in this review are genetically engineered mouse models, which include conditional and constitutive knockout model. 2D cell lines, 3D organoids and spheroids, xenografts and allografts, and patient derived models are also included. The major applications, advantages and disadvantages, and ease of use and cost are unique to each type of model, but they all make it easier to translate the tumor progression that is seen in the mouse prostate to the human prostate. Although both human and mouse prostates are androgen-dependent, the fact that the native, genetically unaltered prostate in mice cannot give rise to carcinoma is an especially critical component of PCa models. Thanks to the similarities between the mouse and human genome, our knowledge of PCa has been expanded, and will continue to do so, through models of PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Older adults are the least active population in the U.S. Low-income communities have fewer physical activity (PA) resources, contributing to less PA and increased chronic disease risk. This study assessed the effect of the multilevel, peer-led, Peer Empowerment Program 4 Physical Activity (PEP4PA) on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and health outcomes, over 2 years of follow up. Methods: In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, 12 senior or community centers serving low-income older adults were assigned to a PA intervention (n = 6) or usual programming (n = 6) condition. PEP4PA included self-monitoring, health coaching, group walks, social support, and community advocacy to improve walking conditions. The primary outcome was daily minutes of MVPA (7-day accelerometer). Secondary outcomes included Perceived Quality of Life (PQoL), 6-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT), blood pressure (BP), and depressive symptoms at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Mixed effects regression models estimated the effects on outcomes between groups over time and included random effects for repeated measures and center clustering. Effect modification by sex and income status was assessed. We calculated the incremental cost per daily minute of MVPA gained in the intervention group relative to the control group to assess cost effectiveness. Results: We enrolled 476 older adults (50 + years). Participants were on average 71 years old, 76% female, 60% low income, and 38% identified as racial or ethnic minorities. Compared to the control group, intervention participants sustained roughly a 10 min/day increase in MVPA from baseline at all time points and increased mean PQoL scores from unsatisfied at baseline to satisfied at 12, 18 and 24 months. Males and higher-income groups had greater improvements in MVPA. No significant effects were observed for 6-MWT or depressive symptoms, and BP results were mixed. The incremental cost per minute MVPA gained per person was $0.25, $0.09, $0.06, and $0.05 at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively. Conclusions: PEP4PA achieved increases in MVPA and PQoL in low-income older adults, over 2 years of follow up. The peer-led, community-based intervention provides a sustainable and cost-effective model to improve health behaviors in underserved, aging populations. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02405325) March 20, 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a Web-based survey on usage of information and communication technologies by college professors at the University for Idaho (UI) for research and teaching. As of 2004, higher education is facing two major challenges, namely, shrinking budgets and a trend toward continuously expanding development of information and communication technologies. Constant monitoring for unwasteful management of taxpayers' money impacted changes in the higher education business model from a not-for-profit to for-profit model. Consequently, academic libraries, which are almost fully dependent on university budgets, quickly implemented a management idea to do more with less money. The UI is a land-grant institution with the primary responsibility for doctoral degrees, research programs, and professional public service for the state. The UI has only one main library with northwest special collections, and regular collections reflecting the land-grant tradition of emphasis on the basic sciences, agriculture, and natural resources while providing support in the fields of basic humanities, and social sciences. Since 1995, the library has had a presence on the World Wide Web that provides access to records for the entire print and electronic collection via an online catalog with access to WorldCat bibliographic records.

Presents the Idaho Geospatial Data Center, a digital library of public-domain geographic data for Idaho. Part of the larger context of geolibrary model; Methodology and tools used to build the library with focus on geolibrary map browser; Evaluation from the perspective of access and demand for geographic data; Recommendations for future developments of geospatial data centers.

Until 2000, the U.S. federal regulations required that a health claim had to meet the "significant scientific agreement" (SSA) standard to be authorized by the FDA for use in food labelling. However, the commercial speech doctrine, derived from a general principle of freedom of expression, provided grounds for challenging these regulations, which led to creation of a new type of health claims used in food labelling -- qualified health claims. This article begins with a presentation of the commercial speech doctrine. Further, it summarizes the U.S. regulations concerning the use of health claims in food labelling. Then, it describes how the application of the commercial speech doctrine changed the health-claims authorization system in the U.S.A. and shows some results of this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children adopted from foreign countries, especially those who were in an orphanage, may experience greater difficulties than culturally or linguistically diverse children who do not come from such a background. Delays in learning language and, consequently, slower cognitive and social development, can undermine the academic success of these students, despite the implementation of standard strategies for culturally or linguistically diverse children. Left unaddressed, the achievement gap for these children may widen, leaving these children on a trajectory for failure. Recommended strategies include early recognition and assessment, plus school and home interventions focused on the unique needs of these children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on various green programs, practices, and initiatives of the American Library Association (ALA) from 1989 to 2011. In 1991, environmental programs during the ALA Annual Conference in Atlanta, Georgia, focused on the role of environmentalists in making libraries green; information literacy for environmental issues; and environmental information resources. In 1995, environmental programs during the ALA Annual Conference in Chicago, Illinois, focused on the role of libraries in the U.S. Global Change Data and Information System (GCDIS). In 2010, ALA Annual Conference in Washington, D.C., focused on the health effects of climate change and global warming.

Comments on the environmental situation on the United States. Death of environmentalist David Ross Brower; Recognition of the American Library Association on the importance of the environment as one of the components of sustainable development; Role of environmental organizations in making a greener and better world.