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This cross-cultural study of the Philippines and the United States examines factors that affect students' online learning motivation by focusing on technical and psychological perceptions and how these perceptions influence goal orientation for online learning among American and Filipino students. Applying Self-Determination Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model as the theoretical foundations, this study scrutinizes how the two countries' different cultural perceptions and levels of IT infrastructure affect online learning. Several constructs for psychological and technological aspects were measured. All relationships were significant for both countries. However, external regulation is not significant to intrinsic motivation for the American respondents, while an external reward is negatively significant to intrinsic motivation for Filipino respondents. This study suggests that psychological and technological factors are important to increase intention to take online classes for American and Filipino students.

This cross-cultural study examined Koreans' and Americans' explicit stigma and implicit biases toward autism to examine potential mechanisms underlying recent evidence for heightened explicit autism stigma in South Korea relative to the United States. This evidence is somewhat at odds with other evidence that individuals living in collectivistic cultures such as South Korea may be more prone to present themselves favorably than those living in relatively individualistic cultures such as the United States. A total 224 American and 536 Korean non-autistic adult participants completed an online survey. Implicit biases were measured using the implicit association test. Koreans reported greater explicit stigma and exhibited more implicit biases toward autism than Americans. Explicit stigma was not correlated with implicit biases in either country. Less autism knowledge and pleasant contact with autistic people predicted greater explicit stigma among both Koreans and Americans. Less frequent contact and heightened assimilation ideology toward ethnic minorities predicted greater stigma only among Koreans. The variance in implicit biases explained by predictors was small, emphasizing the need for follow-up research investigating predictors of implicit biases. Informing Koreans about the shortcomings of assimilationist approaches and fostering an appreciation of the plurality of cultures may reduce stigma toward autistic individuals in South Korea.

New technologies have made the world highly visual, making visual literacy an important and relevant 21st-century skill. Educators and students are often required to produce visual communication products such as infographics, but they often lack the confidence and proficiency in visual design skills to create higher-quality infographics. We conducted a case study to examine how graphic and instructional designers perform the visual design process (i.e., a series of actions performed in composing an infographic, such as creating layout and alignment) when applying visual design principles. The goal was to investigate the visual design processes and identify differences in the strategies used to develop higher versus lower quality infographics rated across 18 design criteria. We identified the design actions and computed the transitional probability between the design actions to construct a process model for composing effective infographics. Results reveal that high-rated infographics were developed using a more systematic approach, starting by creating a well-planned structure (e.g., setting margins and columns) followed by setting spatial zones to map out a visual hierarchy prior to working on fonts, colors, and graphic elements, and using a consistent application of visual rules. These target processes were encapsulated into a five-stage Infographic Visual Design Model.

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived benefits of telecollaboration for Korean pre-service teachers of English. This study connected Korean pre-service teachers to American pre-service teachers. In a one-to-one relationship, each pair exchanged their weekly writings about the assigned topics over six weeks and shared their ideas. To explore the perceived benefits that the Korean pre-service teachers of English perceived and provide a rich description, this study focused on the five Korean pre-service teachers' thoughts reflected in their reflective papers, their writings in the Google Sites, and the final reflection paper. Data were analyzed based on a qualitative approach using the content analysis. The results showed that the Korean pre-service teachers perceived that the online interactions with the target language speakers promoted their intercultural and linguistic competences as well as some affective domains such as confidence and motivation levels. Building upon the findings, this study provides significant pedagogical implications for instructional practices for the educators and researchers.

South Korea, a relatively collectivistic and homogeneous country with heightened cultural tightness, is believed to have particularly high levels of stigma toward autistic individuals, who sometimes engage in behaviors that diverge from social norms. This study investigated cross-cultural differences in autism stigma (assessed with a Social Distance Scale) in the United States and South Korea. Two-hundred and seventy-six American and 494 Korean participants who completed an online survey were included in the analysis. We conducted a multiple regression predicting autism stigma with variables that were correlated with stigma. Koreans reported greater autism stigma than Americans. Greater vertical individualism, lesser horizontal collectivism, less accurate autism knowledge, less pleasant and frequent previous contact with autism, concerns about the marriageability of family members, and higher cultural tightness predicted greater stigma. Cultural tightness, or an emphasis on social norms, which was heightened among Korean participants, contributed to greater autism stigma in South Korea. Findings highlight the need to increase autism knowledge and foster pleasant and frequent contact with autistic individuals, especially for those who accept inequality as a part of human interactions in both South Korea and the United States. Moreover, interventions that help Koreans understand the relativeness of social appropriateness may reduce autism stigma in South Korea.

This case study examined the current assessment practices in the math school of a large research university in the United States. After reviewing a sample of course syllabi offered in the spring 2021 semester, we descriptively summarized the use of 19 assessment methods in the school and examined the assessment patterns by subjects, class standings, and class size. Our study found that traditional homework and written tests were the most frequently used assessments in the school, while the use of learner-centered assessments was rare. Among the 19 assessment methods, we found significantly different usage of quizzes, participation scores, and projects by various course characteristics. Our case study demonstrates the gap between the recommended and actual assessment practice in U.S. higher education. We call for more future research that explores strategies to effect changes and increase the use of learner-centered assessment in higher education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to explore the associations of screen time, cyberbullying victimization, and suicidality during the COVID‐19 pandemic in female and male high school schools, especially the sex differences in the mediation effect of cyberbullying on the relation between screen time and suicidality. This study analysed the direct paths and mediation effects between variables among the 13,982 participants (female: 49%; male: 51%; age 15–17: 74%) in the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey 2021 (YRBS) using the Structural Equation Model and the Monte Carlo methods in Stata. Multiple‐group analysis was conducted to compare sex differences in the mediation effects. Elevated screen time increased the likelihood of suicide ideation (male: OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.26–1.79; female: OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.28–1.70), suicide plan (male: OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.29–1.89; female: OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.24–1.69), suicide attempts (female: OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02–1.48). Cyberbully victims had higher odds of suicide ideation (female: OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 3.25–4.17; male: OR: 4.50; 95% CI: 3.80–5.34), suicide plan (female: OR: 3.74; 95% CI: 3.28–4.25; male: OR: 5.03; 95% CI: 4.22–6.01), and suicide attempt (female: OR: 4.24; 95% CI: 3.66–4.92; male: OR: 4.70; 95% CI: 3.81–5.79). Sex differences were revealed in the mediation effects on suicide ideations (χ2(2) = 8.72, p <.05), suicide attempts (χ2(2) = 8.80, p <.05), and suicide overall (χ2(2) = 6.42, p <.05), where the effects were stronger in female students than in males. Screen time and cyberbullying victimization were directly associated with suicide‐related behaviours in adolescents. Cyberbullying victimization in females had stronger mediation effects than in males. These findings emphasized the importance of understanding the new hybrid psychosocial dynamics and creating a healthy hybrid psychosocial environment, especially for female adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telecollaboration has received growing interest in second language teacher education, due to the link between knowledge and practice in telecollaboration. The current research examined affordances and challenges of telecollaboration in teacher education by connecting American pre-service teachers to Korean pre-service teachers. The data for this paper focused on pre- and post-questionnaires, reflective journals, blog posts, and interviews from nineteen American preservice teachers. This study provides an empirical account of how pre-service teachers benefit from interacting with international partners for improving ICC [intercultural communicative competence], teaching skills, and digital literacy skills. The study also presents some challenges of implementing telecollaboration. By presenting the affordances and challenges of telecollaboration in a teacher training program, the study provides implications for educators about how to better assist preservice teachers while using telecollaboration.

This study examines how Taiwanese/Taiwanese American (T/TA) culture is portrayed in children's picturebooks that are available in the U.S and published between 2003 and 2022. We employed a critical content analysis with the AsianCrit perspective to analyze a total of 19 sampled books on T/TA culture. The findings revealed (1) a majority of the sampled books explicitly included a concrete component of Taiwanese culture through foods, holidays, and places; (2) cultural insider authors and illustrators tended to portray cultural artifacts or daily living in a realistic way; and (3) Taiwanese immigrant/Taiwanese American protagonists displayed various acculturation processes and challenges that they faced in the U.S., with an emerging Taiwanese identity that is distinct from Chinese identity. The study provides several implications for classroom teachers, authors/illustrators of picturebooks, and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although most research on teacher sorting has taken place in the United States, where teacher distribution favors more advantaged children, there is some evidence that the distribution of teachers across schools is much more equitable in South Korea. This is the first study to directly compare teacher distribution across schools and classrooms in the two countries. Research Questions: Our research questions are: (1) Are teachers in lower secondary schools distributed evenly across schools in South Korea and the United States? (2) Are teachers in lower secondary schools distributed evenly across classrooms in South Korea and the United States? (3) How does assignment of teachers to classrooms within schools differ in South Korea and the United States? Research Design: We use data from the 2013 Teaching and Learning International Survey to examine the distribution of teachers across regions, schools, and classrooms in the United States and South Korea. To answer our research questions we employ a range of quantitative techniques, ranging from simple descriptive statistics and Gini indices of teacher variables, to multinomial and ordered logistic regressions of school and classroom conditions on key teacher quality variables. Results: We find that across schools, inequitable teacher sorting patterns are more pronounced in the United States. In both countries teacher sorting is more pronounced across classrooms than across schools; specifically, teachers with more total experience are less likely to teach in classrooms with higher concentrations of economically disadvantaged students and students with behavioral problems. Further, U.S. teachers with more years of experience in their current schools are less likely to receive assignments in classrooms with more language minority students, economically disadvantaged students, and students with special needs. Conclusions: We conclude that South Korea can provide lessons to the United States to help reduce inequities in disadvantaged children's access to qualified teachers across schools through policies like centralized assignment of teachers, incentives to teach in difficult-to-staff schools, and mandatory rotation of teachers across schools. In terms of cross-classroom teacher sorting, our results signal a warning for policy makers in both countries. We argue that the most effective way to reduce within-school teacher sorting is to better integrate language-minority, low-income, and special-needs students into classrooms so that teaching conditions do not differ significantly across classrooms, and teachers have fewer options to sort across.

Although substantial evidence from the United States suggests that more qualified teachers are disproportionately concentrated in the schools and classrooms of academically and socioeconomically advantaged children, it is not clear whether the problem of teacher sorting is global in scope. This study uses data from the 2013 Teaching and Learning International Survey to examine whether and how school- and classroom-level teacher distribution patterns vary across 32 education systems with diverse national contexts and education policies. We find that cross- and within-school teacher sorting is common in most countries but within-school sorting is more pronounced in higher income countries. We also identify several national policy variables that are significantly related to both cross-school and cross-classroom sorting of teachers.

Virtual Villages—online communities that deliver supports to promote aging in place—are proposed to mitigate isolation and support the health of aging populations. Using a community-engaged approach, we developed and pilot-tested a Virtual Village intervention tailored for people living with HIV (PLWH) aged 50+. The intervention employed a Discord server featuring social interaction, regional and national resources, expert presentations, and mindful meditation exercises. In 2022, a sample of PLWH aged 50+ from three U.S. study sites participated in a four-week pilot. Pre- and post-intervention surveys assessed participants' demographic characteristics; degree of loneliness, social connectedness, HIV-related stigma, and technology acceptance; mental wellbeing and physical health outcomes; and user experience. Participants (N = 20) were socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse, aged 51–88 years, and predominantly identified as gay or bisexual men (75%). Paired t-tests revealed a significant increase in participants' mean social engagement scores and a significant decrease in participants' mean negative affect scores, following the intervention. User experience scores were acceptable and participants reported a positive sense of connectedness to the Virtual Village community. Results suggest that a virtual community can be accessible to older PLWH and may enhance social engagement and improve aspects of mental wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major economic and healthcare burden in the United States. While there is evidence-based medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for AUD, few physicians implement these therapies on a regular basis. Objective: To determine the impact of a pharmacy-guided AUD discharge planning workflow on the rate of MAT prescriptions and inpatient readmissions. Methods: This was a single-centered pre-and-post intervention study over a 6-month period, with a 90-day pre-intervention period and a 90-day post-intervention period. The study included all patients over the age of 18 years admitted to a medicine or surgery floor bed who presented with alcohol withdrawal at any point during their hospital course. The intervention involved a pharmacy workflow, in which a list of patients admitted with alcohol withdrawal was automatically generated and referred to pharmacists, who then provided recommendations to the primary physician regarding prescriptions for naltrexone, acamprosate, and/or gabapentin. The patients were then contacted within 30 days after discharge for post-hospitalization follow-up. Our outcome measures were change in prescription rate of MATs, change in total and alcohol-related 90-day readmission rates, and change in total and alcohol-related 90-day emergency department (ED) visit rates. Results: The pre-intervention period consisted of 49 patients and the post-intervention period consisted of 41 patients. Our workflow demonstrated a 195% increase in the prescription rate of MATs at discharge (p < 0.001), 61% reduction in 90-day total readmission rate (p < 0.05), 40% reduction in 90-day total ED visit rate (p = 0.09), 92% reduction in 90-day alcohol-related readmission rate (p < 0.05), and 88% reduction in 90-day alcohol-related ED visit rate (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our intervention demonstrated that a pharmacy-based AUD discharge planning workflow has the potential to reduce inpatient readmissions and ED visits for patients with AUD, thus demonstrating improved patient outcomes with the potential to reduce healthcare costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early childhood (EC) education has usually involved in-person teaching and learning. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has imposed remote teaching on EC practitioners and complicated practicum students' fieldwork experiences. This study explored EC practicum students' fieldwork experiences in the U.S. during the pandemic and their preparedness for online teaching and technology employment and integration. Participants included 28 students enrolled in Directed Field Experience in Spring 2021. A mixed-methods approach incorporating multiple sources of data, including reflection papers, interviews, and questionnaires, was used. The findings showed that the EC practicum students changed their perceptions of and attitudes toward a remote field experience course and online teaching with young children over the semester. Additionally, EC practicum students' challenges and professional and academic growth were evident in their reporting. These findings have implications for the development of effective strategies for alleviating EC practicum students' challenges, facilitating their professional growth, and providing resources to integrate digital technology in their teaching in developmentally appropriate ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a Korean Assessment of Children's Emotional Skills (ACES) was developed by modifying the original ACES which was initially introduced in the United States. Specifically, the original ACES was translated into Korean and revised to better fit the Korean cultural context. The content validity of the revised Korean ACES was established via expert reviews. To test its reliability, the revised Korean ACES was conducted on 286 six-year-old children. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that our newly developed Korean ACES can be used as an appropriate tool to measure Korean children's emotional skills. The Korean ACES can stimulate further studies on these emotional skills and contribute to various international collaborative studies that seek to compare the emotional skills of children from diverse cultural backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation agriculture (CA) aims to sustain agricultural production, soil, and environmental health in agroecosystems and has been promoted throughout the United States. The adoption of CA in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) systems provides both agronomic and environmental benefits. Yet, there is limited information on the long‐term effects of CA practices on crop yield and adaptation strategies. An integrated CA system, that is, cover crops with no‐tillage (NT) instead of conventional agriculture, was implemented in the long‐term field experiments and assessed with an integrated biogeochemical model. Using the denitrification–decomposition model, this study estimated the effects of four different cover crops, for example, native grass (NG), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), on cotton yield under four different nitrogen (N) levels (e.g., 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha) and estimated responses on carbon (C) sequestration, and ecosystem functionality over a 10‐year study. The NT‐NG 50 N was used as a calibration dataset to accurately estimate the cotton lint yield with a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 21% and model efficiency of 0.3. The calibration data validated the effects of hairy vetch, winter wheat, and crimson clover under the NT‐50 N with NRMSE of 24%, 21%, and 25%, respectively. According to the scenario analysis, the 50 kg N/ha application with a single‐irrigation event (10‐cm depth) was most beneficial for maximizing the cotton yield with cover crop incorporation at the NT system over the long term. The effects of increasing cover crop biomass (i.e., double seed rate) on C content, regardless of N application rates, varied based on the relationship between the main and cover crop species. Besides, the furrow plow tillage system provided efficient C sequestration. The proposed approach stands to provide agricultural and environmental sustainability with the implementation of cover crop or crop residue incorporation instead of increased N application, seed rates, and irrigation events under NT practices. Core Ideas: Adopting sustainable agricultural practices using tillage and cover crops illustrated agricultural benefits.The denitrification–decomposition (DNDC) model predicted the implementation of cover crop incorporation instead of increased N application.The DNDC model simulated the maximum crop yields with cover crop incorporation at the non‐till system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to gain insights into how language learners perceive two online interactional contexts and how these perceptions impact the learners' participation in eTandem learning. This study incorporated pair work with group discussion as interactional contexts, connecting Korean language learners with English language learners. Pair work included online chatting and personal blog writing where each pair exchanged feedback on one another's L2 writing. Group discussion included interaction among all the participants in a group blog where they discussed weekly topics. The study found that individual participants differently perceived the effectiveness of the two interactional contexts: some thought that both contexts were helpful together for developing L2 skills and for acquiring cultural knowledge, while others thought that these two contexts together were not as effective as expected. These perceptions affected not only the participant's own participation in the project, but also others' participation. This study offers pedagogical implications for ways in which researchers can further improve the design of eTandem learning.

The supply / demand issue in behavioral health care is a well-established fact, and the mental health toll of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to add challenges to an already taxed system. Existing healthcare models are not set up to adequately address the increasing mental health related needs. As such, innovative models are needed to provide patients with access to appropriate, evidence-based behavioral health care within routine clinical care. This paper introduces Precision Behavioral Health (PBH) as an example of such a model. PBH is an innovative, digital first care delivery model that provides an ecosystem of evidence-based digital mental health interventions to patients as a frontline behavioral health treatment within routine care in a large multispecialty group medical center in the United States. This paper describes the implementation of PBH within a practice research network set-up as part of an integrated behavioral health department. We will present how our team leveraged the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance; "What is RE-AIM?," n.d.) implementation science framework, which emphasizes the design, dissemination, and implementation processes at the individual, staff, and organizational levels, to prioritize key implementation constructs to enhance the successful integration of PBH within routine care. We describe how each of these constructs were operationalized to aid data gathering for rapid evaluation and lessons learned. We discuss the benefits of these types of initiatives across multiple stakeholders including patients, providers, organizations, payers, and digital intervention vendors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrant mothers engage in numerous transnational activities. In this qualitative study, we explored one distinct type of transnational activity, a return trip to the home country for visit, as experienced by Korean immigrant mothers. Through purposeful sampling, 11 married middle-class Korean immigrant women with children were recruited to be interviewed during their visit to South Korea. By exploring the transcripts through the thematic analysis, we paid attention to how these women negotiated and constructed the meaning of their return trip. These mothers carefully planned and coordinated these return trips so that their children could find their Korean roots by being immersed in the culture and build close intergenerational relationships. The mothers also perceived the trip as an opportunity to see their relatives face-to-face and spend quality time with their aging parents. Similar to other transnational activities, the meanings of return trip to home country might reflect social and cultural climates of Korea and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While numerous case studies examined the effect of COVID-19 on international students, there has been limited scholarly attention on comprehensive crisis management strategies. Comparing crisis management strategies between the United States (US) and South Korea, this research aimed to explore international student crisis management strategies practiced at the onset of COVID-19, along with the stated rationales for the strategies. This study collected 119 news articles from the US and 90 from South Korea about 'COVID-19' and 'international students' from January to September 2020. Prominent rationales stated in both the US and Korea were students' Health & Security and Humanitarianism & Human Rights. Korean Universities prioritized moral rationales over Economic or Political benefits of recruiting international students, which was assumed to be a practice of East Asia's collectivist and Confucian culture. Also, Immigration & Legal Support was prioritized among universities in the US, where the government took relatively aggressive measures on visa restrictions. Despite growing interest in how universities should take the role of providing public good in higher education internationalization; Cosmopolitan Learning & Campus Diversity rationales were emphasized in neither countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension is so prevalent and requires strict adherence to medications to prevent further disease or death, but there is no study examining factors related to prescription drug non-adherence among 65 years old and older. This study aims to assess the likelihood of medication nonadherence among patients based on factors such as age, race, and socioeconomic status, with the goal of identifying strategies to enhance medication adherence and mitigate associated health risks. Using the 2020 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Public Use File to represent nationwide Medicare beneficiaries (unweighted n = 3917, weighted n = 27,134,782), medication non-adherence was related to multiple independent variables (i.e., age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, insurance coverage, and satisfaction with insurance). Cross-tabulations and Wald chi-square tests were used to determine how much each variable was related to non-adherence. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between medication non-adherence and factors such as prescription drug coverage satisfaction and cost-reducing behavior. Specific trends in medication non-adherence emerged among beneficiaries. Non-adherence was higher in older adults aged 65- to 74-year-olds and those with more chronic conditions (OR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.74–2.89). If patients were dissatisfied with the medications on the insurance formulary or struggled to find a pharmacy that accepted their medication coverage, they had worse adherence (OR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.80–3.84). Formulary and coverage must be expanded to improve adherence to antihypertensive medications in Medicare beneficiaries. Older adults aged 65 to 74 years may be less adherent to their medications because they do not see the seriousness of the disease and could benefit from further counseling. Patients with limited activities of daily living and more comorbidities may struggle with complex treatment regimens and should use adherence assistance tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pralidoxime chloride, a highly hydrophilic antidote, cannot be effectively separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), unless the mobile-phase composition is varied. However, the use of ion-pairing reagents for pralidoxime separation is hindered by the persistent contamination of the stationary phase or chromatography system inside the HPLC system. Thus, this study aimed to develop a simple, rapid, and robust method based on RP-HPLC to determine pralidoxime chloride in antidote autoinjectors using a chaotropic salt as the mobile-phase additive. The use of UV detection at 270 nm allowed for the simultaneous detection of pralidoxime chloride and the internal standard, pyridine-2-aldoxime. The addition of chaotropic salts (NaPF6, NaBF4, and NaClO4) and an ionic liquid ([EMIM]PF6) increased the retention time of pralidoxime chloride. Among them, NaPF6 exhibited the highest capacity factor in the reverse-phase C18 column. Increasing the salt concentration increased the capacity factor and the number of theoretical plates. Analytical method validation was performed to assess the linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, and repeatability, according to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety guidelines. Additionally, this newly developed method exhibits an adequate separation capability, making it a potential substitute for the current method employed in the United States/Korean Pharmacopoeia, and it ensures the necessary durability to maintain the robustness and reliability of the analytical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quantitative study focuses on substance use professionals and students who are seeking employment in substance use treatment or support services. Abstinence-based treatment has been and continues to be the primary method of treatment preferred in the United States. Since 1980, harm reduction increased in application in the profession but remains a less popular method of treatment. This study examines substance use professionals and students (N = 141) interested in employment in substance use treatment or support attitudes in harm reduction and whether their beliefs toward these treatment approaches were associated with their personal characteristics. Goddard's Harm Reduction Acceptability Scale and a demographic survey form were utilized to measure the variables. One-way analysis of variance showed that current and aspiring substance use professionals have favorable attitudes toward harm reduction. The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes in substance use treatment approaches by substance use professionals. Results revealed that the professionals have slightly more favorable attitudes toward the harm reduction treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-cultural validity of the effects of attachment, career-choice pessimism, and intrinsic motivation on career adaptability (CA) in American (n = 198) and Korean (n = 294) college students. We hypothesized that the association between attachment and CA is sequentially mediated by career-choice pessimism and intrinsic motivation in both samples, and the results supported the hypothesized multilevel model. These results have important implications for practice to promote CA for college students across cultures by providing evidence for cross-cultural validation of factors influencing on CA.

This study developed and evaluated the effects of a mobile-integrated simulation training program on infection prevention and nursing practices based on past experiences of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) care. We developed mobile videos for the experimental group and an educational booklet for the control group based on the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. The effects of the simulation program with the use of mobile videos on knowledge of COVID-19 management, infection prevention practice confidence, and clinical decision-making anxiety and confidence were analyzed through a randomized controlled pretest–posttest experimental design. Data from 109 participants were analyzed. Five mobile videos were developed with a total duration of 43 min and 13 s. The experimental group showed significantly greater improvement in knowledge of COVID-19 management (p = 0.002) and infection prevention practice confidence (p < 0.001). Using the mobile-integrated COVID-19 nursing practice simulation program, nurses who have no experience with emerging infectious diseases can increase their infection control knowledge and infection prevention practice confidence. In conclusion, the mobile-integrated COVID-19 nursing practice simulation program was effective in increasing infection control knowledge and infection prevention practice confidence in nurses without COVID-19 care experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Living Kidney Donor Profile Index (LKDPI) was developed in the United States to predict graft outcomes based on donor characteristics. However, there are significant differences in donor demographics, access to transplantation, proportion of ABO incompatibility, and posttransplant mortality in Asian countries compared with the United States. Methods: We evaluated the clinical relevance of the LKDPI score in a Korean kidney transplant cohort by analyzing 1860 patients who underwent kidney transplantation between 2000 and 2019. Patients were divided into three groups according to LKDPI score: <0, 1–19.9, and ≥20. Results: During a median follow‐up of 119 months, 232 recipients (12.5%) experienced death‐censored graft loss, and 98 recipients (5.3%) died. High LKDPI scores were significantly associated with increased risk of death‐censored graft loss independent of recipient characteristics (LKDPI 1–19.9: HR 1.389, 95% CI 1.036–1.863; LKDPI ≥20: HR 2.121, 95% CI 1.50–2.998). High LKDPI score was also significantly associated with increased risk of biopsy‐proven acute rejection and impaired graft renal function. By contrast, overall patient survival rates were comparable among the LKDPI groups. Conclusion: High LKDPI scores were associated with an increased risk of death‐censored graft loss, biopsy‐proven acute rejection, and impaired graft renal function among a Korean kidney transplant cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, wind generation accounted for ~10% of total electricity generation in the United States. As wind energy accounts for a greater portion of total energy, understanding geographic and temporal variation in wind generation is key to many planning, operational, and research questions. However, in-situ observations of wind speed are expensive to make and rarely shared publicly. Meteorological models are commonly used to estimate wind speeds, but vary in quality and are often challenging to access and interpret. The Plant-Level US multi-model WIND and generation (PLUSWIND) data repository helps to address these challenges. PLUSWIND provides wind speeds and estimated generation on an hourly basis at almost all wind plants across the contiguous United States from 2018–2021. The repository contains wind speeds and generation based on three different meteorological models: ERA5, MERRA2, and HRRR. Data are publicly accessible in simple csv files. Modeled generation is compared to regional and plant records, which highlights model biases and errors and how they differ by model, across regions, and across time frames. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study critically reviews intersectional research (IR) published in the Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD) journals and presents a framework for future work in IR. First, we identified 10 IR approaches from previous literature and classified them into four perspectives: conceptual, category-based, alternative philosophy-based, and alternative analysis-based perspectives. Utilizing the framework, we found that the majority of IR in HRD has (a) drawn on an intra-categorical approach, (b) focused on the intersection of gender and race, (c) centered on the United States context, and (d) depended on qualitative research methodology. We also examined the IR trends in HRD over time and observed that IR has recently incorporated more diverse approaches and identities and has explored some non-US contexts. To advance IR and better understand the complexity of intersectionality at work, future research needs to continue diversifying research approaches, methods, subjects, and contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global COVID‐19 pandemic significantly disrupted educational environments for all students when the majority of schools in the United States abruptly switched to remote learning. School climate, including support and structure, has been recognized as an important construct that influences student functioning. The current study explored student perceptions of school climate before school disruptions as a potential protective factor against negative outcomes during the pandemic. Middle school students (N = 225) completed assessments of their perceptions of school climate in Fall 2019 and self‐reported internalizing symptoms in Spring 2020. Structural equation modeling was used to test both the association and directionality between school climate and internalizing symptoms. Positive perception of school climate before the pandemic was significantly associated with less internalizing symptoms during initial school closures, particularly for girls. The results highlight the importance of school climate in students' mental health, especially during periods of stress. Limitations and future directions are discussed. Practitioner Points: Positive perceptions of school climate before the COVID‐19 pandemic were associated with lower levels of student internalizing symptoms during school closures.Girls benefited more from a positive school climate in terms of reduced internalizing symptoms during the pandemic.School climate support and structure can serve as protective factors for students' mental health even when they are not physically present in the school building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study is to investigate how contemporary Korea and its culture are portrayed in children's picture books published in the United States. Our analysis of the representation of Korean culture in text and illustrations was based on a sample of 33 picture books written in English and published in the US between 1990 and 2012. The findings revealed that (1) the nation of Korea was usually described with short sentences focusing on the country's foreignness and with outdated content and illustrations; (2) Koreans and their culture were primarily presented at the surface level and differences were highlighted by being contrasted with western culture; (3) traditional aspects of Korean culture and the admixing of Korean culture with other Asian cultures were often ascribed to contemporary Korean culture; and (4) books that covered topics on immigration and acculturation commonly included identity-related conflicts the characters faced, in the dichotomous context of keeping one's original culture or conforming to the new culture. Based on these findings, there is a pressing need for authors and illustrators of children's books, when introducing a foreign culture, to depict realistic stories and illustrations that reflect current ideology, customs, and everyday life. In order to create high-quality and authentic multicultural literature, it is vitally important to incorporate a deeper understanding of cultural values and diverse viewpoints that are developmentally appropriate for young readers.

The need for computing education in the K-12 curriculum has grown globally. The Republic of Korea is not an exception. In response to the need, the Korean Ministry of Education has announced an outline for software-centric computing education in the K-12 system, which aims at enhancing the current computing education with software emphasis. In this paper, we review the outline from a higher education perspective and provide insights into its constructive improvement based on our experience in computer science education in higher education and a study of global initiatives on computing education. We also consider the social environment for computing education in Korea. In the proposed implementation, we first discuss goals for software-centric computing education and identify areas of focus. The identified areas are discussed in terms of topics to be covered and appropriate exposure of knowledge depth in the three levels in the Korean K-12 system. We then discuss necessary preparations for the success of the plan from academic, governmental and social perspectives.

While prior scholarship on preventive health behaviors has focused on identifying their cognitive predictors, emerging literature suggests that emotion may also be an important determinant of health behaviors. Drawing from appraisal theory and the discrete-emotions models of affect, the current study establishes emotional pathways to support for COVID-19 policies and social distancing behavior. Analyses of survey data collected in the U.S. and South Korea demonstrate that negative emotion experienced following partisan media use increases support for COVID-19 policies and social distancing behavior. Particularly, fear and anxiety toward the pandemic emerged as strong mediators in both countries while sadness also mediated the pathways in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Contemporary treatment strategies for localized prostate cancer (PCa) have been evolved over time. However, there is little data regarding survival outcomes based on initial treatment by risk group in this new era. This study aims to evaluate survival outcomes among men who underwent observation, radiotherapy, or radical prostatectomy for localized PCa using a population-based cohort. Materials and Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) prostate with watchful waiting dataset (2010– 2016) was used. We included men diagnosed with localized PCa and clinical stage T1c-2cN0M0. Other inclusion criteria were age 50–79 years, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤50 ng/mL, and initial treatment with observation (active surveillance/ watchful waiting), radiotherapy, or radical prostatectomy. PCa risk was assessed using the D’Amico classification. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Secondary endpoints included PCa-specific survival. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression and competing risk analysis were performed to assess outcomes. Results: After IPTW-adjusting, pseudo-population comprised 521,656 men (observation: 170,428, radiotherapy: 175,628, radical prostatectomy: 175,600) at a median 36.5 month follow-up. Observation demonstrated the lowest 5-year overall survival rate (91.6%) after IPTW-adjusting in comparison to radiotherapy (92.4%) and radical prostatectomy (96.1%, p<0.001). Men who underwent radical prostatectomy had the lowest cumulative PCa-specific and all-cause mortality (p<0.001). Compared to observation, radiotherapy (sub-distribution hazard ratio [sHR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81–0.97; p=0.012) and radical prostatectomy (sHR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.41–0.52; p<.001) had a lower risk of PCa-specific mortality in competing risk analysis after adjustment for all other factors and other-cause death. Conclusions: Intermediate-term mortality risk in men with localized PCa were lower with active treatments compared to observation - especially for intermediate- and high-risk disease. However, observation represents a safe management strategy in men within the low-risk group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine similar and/or different perspectives on, and practices of online-learning interaction as projected by the participating educators who are from either Korea or the USA. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the authors analyzed how college instructors from two countries, Korea and the USA, consider the role of online-learning interaction in their students' learning by interviewing nine instructors from both countries. The authors examined the educators' responses using constructivism and Confucianism as the frame of reference. Findings: The analysis showed that the US instructors tend to focus on learner-to-learner interaction, whereas Korean instructors emphasized teacher-to-learner interaction. Korean instructors perceived a gap between ideal and reality in integrating interaction as a part of online activities in the course. Originality/value: This study focuses on a cross-national comparison of online-learning interaction between Korea and the USA. Thus, it will provide practical ideas for global or multicultural user experiences on online-learning courses.

South Korea and the United States of America (US) both have procedures in place for identifying and serving individuals with disabilities in inclusive classrooms. This current study examined the differences in identification practices for students with disabilities in the US and South Korea. In South Korea, fewer students were identified as having disabilities and the students who were identified tended to have more significant disabilities. The beliefs towards inclusion of educators teaching pre-K through 6th grade in both countries were documented and contrasted. Differences concerning teacher beliefs about students with disabilities in inclusive settings were examined across the two countries. In addition, teachers' beliefs concerning isolation were explored. Recommendations were made for additional exploration for teacher training. Future exploration of the impact that current identification and inclusion practices hold for student outcomes in both countries was recommended.

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This study explored the effects of optimism, intrinsic motivation, and family relations on vocational identity in college students in the United States and South Korea. The results yielded support for the hypothesized multivariate model. Across both cultures, optimism was an important contributing factor to vocational identity, and intrinsic motivation partially mediated the link from optimism to vocational identity. In addition, family relations moderated the mediation effect of intrinsic motivation with American students but not Korean students. With Korean students, family relations moderated the direct link from optimism to vocational identity. These results have significant implications for counseling to promote vocational identity development for diverse college students. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)

On June 24, 2022, the US Supreme Court decided in Dobbs vs. Jackson Women's Health Organization (597 U.S. (2022)) to overturn the constitutional right to abortion, a seismic shift in abortion policy that makes the states key battlegrounds in fights over abortion and broader reproductive rights. This article focuses on the role of state supreme courts in setting state abortion policies. Using an original data set of state court decisions surrounding abortion from the past 20 years, the authors investigate how two overarching factors affect state supreme court decision-making on abortion. First, they track how states' political environments affect the decisions courts make about access to abortion. Second, the authors consider the scope of the abortion policy considered by the courts. The authors find that the partisan makeup of state legislatures does not influence the direction of state supreme courts' rulings on abortion issues, but it does affect the scope of abortion regulation being considered by the courts. Additionally, they find that elected judges tend to be more responsive to constituent preferences when ruling on abortion policies. Overall, these findings illustrate the multifaceted dynamics involved in state supreme courts' rulings on abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current guidelines for survivorship in adolescents and young adults (AYA) cancer are based on studies conducted in the United States and European AYA survivors. However, previous studies have shown that the health-related quality of life in cancer survivors can vary depending on race, yet the long-term health differences among AYA survivors by race/ethnicity have not been fully explored. Therefore, our aim is to compare the psychosocial and physical health of AYA survivors and their matched controls across different racial and ethnic groups. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Korea NHANES from 2007 to 2018. We included AYA cancer survivors who were diagnosed with any type of cancer aged between 15 and 39 years, and who were adult with aged over 18 years old at survey year. We then stratified the study population by race/ethnicity with Non-Hispanic White (NHW, n = 310), African American (AA, n = 42), Hispanic (n = 81) from NHANES, and Asian (n = 389) from the Korea NHANES. We also selected 5 times age-, sex-, race-, and survey year-matched general population among participants who had never been diagnosed with cancer (N = 4110). Variables were defined using questionnaire data, physical exams, and laboratory tests. Results: Compared to NHW, Hispanics (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00–1.32) had poor or fair general health, lower education (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.40), and lower household income (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.33). AA survivors were more likely to be non-coupled (aOR 1.35, 95% 1.15–1.60) and have hypertension (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.36). Asians were more former/current drinkers (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.40). NHW are more likely to experience psychological limitation. Compared to matched general, NHW and Asian survivors had poor general health and psychological health. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for future studies concerning long-term health after AYA cancer survivorship that may vary according to race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate parental influence on adolescent boys' use and risk-perceptions of using appearance-related products. Design: Using appearance-enhancing products can present a health threat to adolescents, as these products are not only applied to the body, but can also be ingested. Adolescents may look to their parents for information about products, or they may make inferences based on observing their parents' appearance management behaviours. Setting: The results of this research suggest future studies to assist in developing intervention strategies to guide parents in promoting healthy appearance management for their sons. Method: The data were collected from 155 adolescent boys in the United States (US). Their ages ranged from 11-18 years, with an average age of 14.3 years. The frequencies of product use and risk-perceptions were compared using a Chi-square test, based on the sum of the parental influence scales. Results: Adolescent boys used a variety of appearance-related products, and their risk-perceptions coincided with their frequency of product use. Parental normative influence was significant for acne treatment, diet pills, and fragrance/body-spray products, although parental informative influence was not significantly related to product use. Parental influence was not related to their perceptions of the relative healthfulness of the same products. Conclusion: Parental influence is either directed toward encouraging or discouraging product use, rather than educating adolescents on the healthfulness of these products. (Contains 3 tables.)

The present study depicts an ecological portrait of the work lives of 16 ELL high school teachers in an urban context in the United States. Results suggest that their work lives take place within a complex school ecology which affects the kinds of activities they engage in and the opportunities they have to support their students. In this context they demonstrate an unusual dedication to aiding students and their families in activities related to the transition to a new country. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research explicating further the school ecology of this group of teachers. (Contains 1 table.)

This study investigated the influence of culture and discussion participation on rhetorical patterns in the reflective essays of 238 Korean and 196 American 4th-graders. Results showed significant differences between Korean children's essays and American children's essays in types of reasons, uses of argument elements, and uses of rhetorical forms; but no difference in organizational structure. The effects of free-flowing collaborative discussions on children's essays interacted with culture. After participating in a series of discussions, Korean children made larger gains than American children in use of elements of argumentative discourse. (Contains 8 tables.)

Although there are many alternative schools that strive for the successful education of their students, negative images of alternative schools persist. While some alternative schools are viewed as "idealistic havens", many are viewed as "dumping grounds" or "juvenile detention centers". Employing narrative inquiry, this article interrogates how a student, Kevin Gonzales, experiences his alternative education and raises questions about the role of alternative schools. Kevin Gonzales's story is presented in a literary form of biographical journal to provide a "metaphoric loft" that helps us imagine other students like Kevin. This, in turn, provokes us to examine our current educational practice and (re)imagines ways in which alternative education can provide the best possible educational experiences for disenfranchised students who are increasingly underserved by the public education system. (Contains 4 notes and 2 figures.)

As im/migrant researchers of color working and living in the USA, we begin this article by discussing how our own transnational selves and research have created tensions with the normalized use of socially constructed and theorized categories and differences in US qualitative research practices. We theorize an alternative reflexive mode of conceptualizing a researcher self that can illuminate more contextually engaging understanding and relationships between researcher and researched within our transnational research contexts. We argue that our reflexive approach to researcher self as non-unitary "I", circulatory mode of porous and shifting entities simultaneously fracturing and morphing into each other in relation to its changing webs of relationships and history, can bring different ways of understanding and working with the ever changing and interconnected global-local cultural, social, and political conditions and contexts of education and research. (Contains 1 note.)