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Used qualitative research methodology to interpret 126 adolescents' responses to questions about their views on peace. Eighth grade students in Australia, Canada, and the United States identified underlying causes and behavioral indications of potential for war and provided prescriptions for peace. Subjects viewed skills in interpersonal relations, especially problem solving and communication, as essential. (Author/NB)

Since the turn of the Millennium, it has become increasingly difficult to understand the socio-political landscape using the traditional models. Although this is a global phenomenon, it is particularly evident in the United States, which is where we will focus the majority of this article. The current era is dominated by a series of overlapping phenomena, rooted in a series of what we term "disconnections," that bring into view a new "spherical" political reality. These disconnections describe situations where the empirical, or observable, world differs from the actual, but often hidden, reality. Deriving from these disconnections, the traditional "flat" understanding of political structures, focused on "traditional" axes of Liberal to Conservative and Libertarian to Authoritarian, ignores an important third dimension that we will examine. This third axis relates to issues of rural / nationalist / science-skeptical versus urban / globalist / science-positive. This article explores how this third axis informs, and is informed, by the three most significant issues facing the world at this moment: climate change, COVID-19, and the attempted coup of January 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questioned kindergarten children through college students to determine verbal and nonverbal behavior that "earned" significance. Findings could be categorized meaningfully in regard to who was significant, what they did or said, how this affected self-esteem, and how subjects reacted to feedback. Format was effective with groups of different ages, cultures, and ethnic backgrounds. (Author/NB)

This article examines the confidence the population (N = 4,003) has in the child welfare system in four countries - England, Finland, Norway and the USA (California). We find that about half or less of the population reports having confidence in the system, which is slightly higher than the confidence in the civil servants in the same countries. The Nordic countries display more confidence in the child welfare system than the Anglo-American countries. The similarity between the countries is, however, greater than anticipated. As for independent variables that can shed light on differences in confidence levels, we find three variables to be related to a higher confidence level, and these are a left wing political orientation, lower age, and higher education. This study contributes in filling a knowledge gap on studies about trust in the child welfare system, but we emphasize that we have studied an aspect of trust that rests on the population's impressions of a system, and not their substantial knowledge about, or identification with, this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the author's role of documenting the work of AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and how ACT UP is remembered for its 25th anniversary in 2012. The author suggests that the organization was known for protecting the rights of the privileged white gay man while combating poverty, sexism, racism, homophobia, sex and education in the 1980s. She discusses memories from other New York (NY) AIDS activists including Deborah Gould and Ann Cvetkovich and other forms of AIDS activism throughout the U.S.

Background. Visiting a medical provider less frequently than clinical circumstances would suggest is appropriate has been reported to be associated with worse clinical outcomes for patients living with HIV infection. Patients with less frequent attendance to HIV care also may be systematically underrepresented in research or surveillance studies that enroll patients sequentially over a specified enrollment period - for example several months. For both reasons, understanding factors associated with time to care visit is important. Methods. We used data from the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease (ASD) project, a multi-site clinical outcomes surveillance system that enrolled and followed patients in care for HIV prospectively from 1990 to 2004. For this analysis, we used data from all patients observed in ASD at least one time before 1 January 2003, and who had at least one HIV care visit in 2003. We documented time to first annual HIV care visit for each patient, and used Kaplan-Meier plots and proportional hazards regression to describe factors associated with longer time to care visit. Results. A total of 12,135 patients had ≥1 care visit during 2003 and were included in the analysis. Of these, 81%, 88%, and 95% had their first visit within three, four, and six months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, having a delayed (later) care visit was associated with not ever having had an AIDS diagnosis, having an HIV RNA concentration ≥10,000 copies/mL, having a current CD4 count <100 cells/µL, having no health insurance, and not being currently prescribed antiretroviral therapy. Having a delayed care visit was not associated with race/ethnicity or age. Conclusions. Having a delayed first annual HIV care visit was associated with higher viremia, lower CD4 cell count, and lack of health insurance. Interventions to address these factors are likely to ameliorate some of the consequences of HIV. For studies enrolling patients in care for HIV over a finite time period, an enrollment period of four-six months should sufficiently reflect the patient population seen in a one-year period, including those attending care infrequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Although annual influenza vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has been recommended in the United States since the early 1990s, vaccine coverage in this population is reported to be low. The objectives of the present study were to assess trends in influenza vaccination coverage in HIV-infected patients and to determine predictors of influenza vaccination. Methods. We analyzed data from the medical records of 51,021 HIV-infected patients from10 US cities observed in a longitudinal cohort study between 1990 and 2002. Using multivariate logistic regression, we determined predictors of influenza vaccination for both the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HAART eras. Results. Vaccination coverage increased from 28.5% in the 1990 to 41.6% in the 2002 influenza season. Vaccine coverage increased with increasing age and frequency of medical visits. In the HAART era, persons prescribed antiretroviral therapy were more likely and those with higher viral loads and lower CD4 T cell counts were less likely to have received influenza vaccine. Conclusions. Although influenza vaccination coverage in this population has increased in recent years, it is well below the Healthy People 2010 target of 60%. Efforts should be undertaken to increase influenza vaccination in HIV-infected persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the feminist media scholarship in the U.S. Moves made by the feminist media community as it matured and faced the increasing requirements of professionalization; Impact of feminism on mainstream media; Contribution of feminist media scholarship to social justice.

Background. To describe trends in bacterial diarrhea among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons during 1992-2002, we examined data from a longitudinal record review study of persons with HIV infection who were receiving medical care in 1100 medical facilities in 9 major United States cities. Methods. An analysis was performed using data from 44,778 persons who were followed up for a mean of 2.6 years. We calculated incidence rates and rate ratios for bacterial diarrhea, by stage of HIV disease, and determined odds ratios (ORs) to compare bacterial diarrhea diagnosis in 2002 versus 1992. Results. The mean annual incidence of bacterial diarrhea was 7.2 cases per 1000 person-years. The incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, the most common bacterial cause of diarrhea, was 4.1 cases per 1000 person-years. Compared with persons without AIDS, persons with AIDS were more likely to have bacterial diarrhea (incidence rate ratio, 1.3-9.9, varying by clinical versus immunologic AIDS and type of bacterial diarrhea). Between 1992 and 2002, the overall rate of bacterial diarrhea in persons with clinical AIDS decreased (OR, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.6). During the same period, bacterial diarrhea rates among other persons in the analysis did not significantly change. Conclusions. C. difficile is the most common recognized cause of bacterial diarrhea among persons infected with HIV. The risk for bacterial diarrhea increases with increased severity of HIV disease. Health care professionals should be aware that patients with AIDS are at increased risk for bacterial diarrhea, and they should reinforce recommendations for decreasing the chances of acquiring bacterial diarrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the future of family involvement in schools in African-American communities. Primary components of action plans for teachers and parents; Challenges facing teachers; Role of stakeholders; Role of teacher participation institutions; Global perspective and expansion of Martin Luther King's vision for African Americans.

This article discusses how women's sexuality is contained and controlled through their representation in four mainstream media documentaries which were made to address the issue of heterosexual transmission in the United States. In 1986-87, when it could be no longer denied that women, and therefore, heterosexual men, were at risk for AIDS, the makers of mainstream media faced a difficult dilemma. In the AIDS documentaries of this time, women were depicted as contained threats: an oxymoronic representation that allowed them to register simultaneously as iconographic site of danger and as easily controlled subject. In 1986 and 1987, the mainstream media responded to this dilemma with several AIDS documentaries geared specifically for the heterosexuals and ostensibly produced to explain to them their potential risk. The author contends that in a world with AIDS, the surface or image of a woman's body is not all a male needs to know of her. If she is not only symbolically, but potentially diseased, patriarchal society is less concerned with sexual fascination over the surface of her body than with scientific control over what is going on inside her body, and sexual control over what she does with her body.

Investigates the phenomenon of help rejection in college students placed in academic probation. Focus on need satisfaction and conflict resolution; Use of structured interview and detailed case studies; Implications for programming and intervention.

Focuses on the vision of a bilingual college for Spanish speaking adults at St. Augustine College, Chicago, Ill. operated by the Spanish Episcopal Services. How the dream evolved; Road to realization; Eight basic components of the Comprehensive Counseling System; Profiles of Augustine students; Successful participants; Educational methodology; Progress; Future.

The article discusses the manifesto drafted by homosexual experimental filmmaker Jerry Tartaglia. It tackles the issue regarding gay culture and totalitarianism in the U.S. It also examines gay and lesbian liberation as well as consumerism at the filmmaking and the mass media industry in the country.

The article opens a discussion on the crisis in academic publishing. The difference between consumer culture and the values, purposes and principles of the scholarly endeavor is negatively impacting publishing in the United States. The following articles present responses of scholars in American universities and publishers concerning this threat to the quality of academic cinema and media studies publishing.

Describes how wildlife biologist Jim Woollett uses a robot to observe a fox, a badger and an owl specie in a site near California's Diablo Mountains. Use of the Miniature Optical Lair Explorer (MOLE); Features of MOLE; Reactions of the burrowing and nocturnal animals being observed.

Reflects on the practice of applying scents in magazine advertisements. Awarding of the 1993 Ig Nobel Prize in chemistry to James and Gaines Campbell; 1976 Nobel Prize awardee William Lipscomb's suggestion on the problems posed by smelly magazines.

The article presents a study on the chemical structure of the strongest Brønsted Acid, the carborane acid, by infrared and x-ray data analysis in the U.S. The gas and solid phase structures of the acid have been determined through infrared and x-ray application. In the polymeric crystalline phase, the chlorine-hydrogen-chlorine bonding is more nearly symmetrical and somewhat stronger than the dimer, thus diminishing its acidity state.