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Head injury results in thousands of hospitalizations and deaths for Americans each year, yet there are no current dietary recommendations for improving outcomes after head injury. We assessed the dietary nutrient intakes in the population with self-reported head injury with loss of consciousness (HIC) using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Secondary data analysis was performed on participants aged 40 years and over from the NHANES 2011-2014 surveys with and without head injury with loss of consciousness. The nutritional differences were measured between the HIC group and those who reported no head injury with loss of consciousness (No-HIC) based on average daily intakes of individual nutrients. We hypothesized that there would be dietary nutrient intake differences between the HIC and No-HIC groups. SPSS software was used to perform t tests comparing nutrient intakes of the HIC to No-HIC groups. The HIC group reported higher intakes of calories as well as carbohydrates, sugar, fat, and various vitamins and minerals compared with those in the No-HIC group. After adjusting for energy intakes, the intakes of sugar, riboflavin, alcohol, caffeine, and saturated fatty acids were higher in HIC group compared with the No-HIC group, and intakes of protein, fiber, thiamin, beta-carotene, selenium, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were lower in the HIC group compared with the No-HIC group. The HIC group currently is consuming a pro-inflammatory diet. Therefore, nutrition guidelines are essential to educate the head injury population to improve future health outcomes after injury. Dietary nutrient records were analyzed for 7399 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants who responded to the question "Have you experienced head injury with loss of consciousness?" Dietary antioxidant intake improves outcomes by decreasing neuroinflammation and countering free radical oxidation after injury, reducing secondary injury. This study closely observed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrient intakes in participants with head injury. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caregivers may receive information at a rate far higher than their individual abilities to process. Hence, caregivers can cause less desirable health outcomes for their care recipients. This study sought to identify caregiver information overload in comparison to noncaregivers. Relating factors such as caregiving contexts, health status, and personal health literacy were also compared between caregivers and noncaregivers. Using a nationally representative survey, the Health Information National Trends Survey, the differences between caregivers and noncaregivers regarding information overload were compared. A total of 2,918 noncaregivers and 484 caregivers were identified. More than two-thirds of the study sample demonstrated information overload regardless of caregiving status. Male, less educated, lower income, married, and employed caregivers are likely overloaded with information. Caregivers with information overload show less healthy conditions and expressed more information seeking burden. Effective countermeasures of heavy information overload should be devised based on specific causes and their accompanying consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives We aimed to describe clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and major comorbidities of a US-based adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) cohort. Methods Administrative claims data from Truven MarketScan were collected from 2009 to 2015. An AOSD case was defined as ≥1 M06.1 International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) medical claim code. We extracted data for the AOSD cohort (n  = 106) and 1:5 matched controls (n  = 530) without AOSD. Outcomes of interest and a novel claims-based set of Yamaguchi criteria were identified by relevant ICD 9th revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10 codes. Bivariate descriptive analyses were conducted on all variables. Comorbidity rates and rate ratios were calculated in AOSD cases and matched controls. Statistical significance of cohort differences was determined to compare AOSD cases and matched controls. Results The AOSD cohort, with a mean age of 43.08 (standard deviation, s. d. 13.9) years and with female predominance (68.9%) was observed over a mean of 750.12 (637.6) days. A total of 35.9% of AOSD patients fulfilled claims-based Yamaguchi criteria compared with 0.4% matched controls (P < 0.05). We identified severe AOSD-related complications, including macrophage activation syndrome (4.7%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (12.3%). Treatment commonly involved systemic glucocorticoids (62.2%), MTX (51%) and anakinra (24.5%). Compared with matched controls, serious infections were significantly increased (rate ratio 2.58, 95% CI: 1.53, 4.37, P = 0.0004), while hyperlipidaemia (0.54, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.85; P = 0.008) and obesity (0.30, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.62; P = 0.001) were significantly decreased in AOSD patients. Conclusion We characterized a first US-based AOSD cohort using a large national administrative claims database, and identified key complications, treatments and comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between the receipt of COVID-19 child tax credit and adult mental health problems in the United States, and we explored whether and the extent to which a wide range of spending patterns of the credit-15 patterns regarding basic necessities, child education, and household expenditure-mediated the relationship. We used COVID-19-specialized data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey, a representative population sample (N = 98,026) of adult respondents (18 and older) who participated between 21 July 2021 and 11 July 2022. By conducting mediation analyses with logistic regression, we found relationships between the credit and lower levels of anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 0.914; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.879, 0.952). The OR was substantially mediated by spending on basic necessities such as food and housing costs (proportion mediated = 46% and 44%, respectively). The mediating role was relatively moderate in the case of spending on child education and household expenditure. We also found that spending the credit on savings or investments reduces the effect of the child tax credit on anxiety (-40%) while donations or giving to family were not a significant mediator. Findings on depression were consistent with anxiety. The child tax credit-depression relationships were substantially mediated by spending on food and housing (proportion mediated = 53% and 70%). These mediation analyses suggested that different patterns of credit spending are important mediators of the relationship between the receipt of the child tax credit and mental illnesses. Public health approaches to improve adult mental health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic need to consider the notable mediating role of spending patterns.