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The percentage of young American adults residing in their parents' home has increased markedly over recent years, but we know little about how sociodemographic, life-course, and parental characteristics facilitate or impede leaving or returning home. We use longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics' Transition into Adulthood survey to examine the determinants of leaving and returning home among youth who turned age 18 between 2005 and 2011. Findings from eventhistory models show that while leaving and returning home is to some extent a function of normative life-course transitions, characteristics of the parental home (e.g., presence of coresident siblings, mother's educational attainment) and the degree of family connectivity (e.g., emotional closeness to mother, instrumental help from family) also play important roles. Experiencing physical, including sexual, victimization drives young adults both out of, and back into, the parental home. Having parents in poor physical health encourages young adults to move back home. Overall, the results suggest that a comprehensive explanation for both home-leaving and home-returning will need to look beyond life-course transitions and standard economic accounts to encompass a broader array of push and pull factors, particularly those that bond young adults with their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to various barriers that keep homeless people away from regular work, a considerable proportion of them resort to day labor or subsistence “work,” such as peddling and panhandling, to earn income. Using the National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients (NSHAPC) data, this study compares the personal characteristics of currently homeless and nonhomeless persons and examines how demographic characteristics, physical health and mental health problems, and substance abuse affect the employment status and income-earning approaches of homeless assistance clients. It finally provides suggestions for public assistance programs and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To determine whether anemia is a risk factor for functional decline in nursing home ( NH) residents with chronic kidney disease. Design Prospective 26-week observational study. Setting Eighty-two geographically representative NHs in the United States. Participants Three hundred eleven NH residents with chronic kidney disease ( CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) who had anemia (hemoglobin <12 g/dL for women, <13 g/dL for men, n = 177) or not (n = 134). Measurements The primary outcome was the distance walked or wheeled for 10 minutes. Secondary outcomes were single chair stand time, grip strength, leg extension strength, Dartmouth Primary Care Cooperative Information scores, Modified Barthel Index, falls, hospitalization, and mortality. Results Mixed-effects model analysis of distance walked or wheeled showed that changes between weeks 2 and 14 but not between weeks 2 and 26 were significantly different between participants with CKD with anemia and those without anemia. There were no significant differences for the other physical performance or self-report measures. After adjustment for an anemia propensity score, participants with CKD with anemia did not have higher rates of hospitalization or death at 26 weeks than those without anemia. Conclusion Nursing home residents with CKD and anemia experienced greater decline than those with CKD without anemia only for a mobility distance task over a 3-month but not a 6-month period and not for other performance or self-report measures. Anemia may not increase the risk of functional decline in NH residents with CKD, but further research is necessary to confirm these findings and evaluate whether a lower hemoglobin cutpoint confers greater risk for functional decline in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]