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Background: The relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mortality risk in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between telomere length and long-term all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, in individuals with MetS in the United States. Methods: A total of 1980 participants with MetS aged 18 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) prospective cohort study (1999–2002) were included in this cohort study. Medical records review was used to identify the cause of deaths as of December 2018. We employed Kaplan-Meier curves, fitted curves, and Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and CVD mortality, stratified by tertiles of LTL. Results: Over a median follow-up of 17.75 years of participants with metabolic syndrome, 819 deaths occurred, including 231 cardiovascular deaths. After adjusting for multiple covariates, participants with shorter telomere length had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.11–1.6) and CVD mortality (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.96–1.93) compared with those in the highest tertile of telomere length. All-cause mortality (P < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease mortality (P = 0.028) followed a similar pattern across tertiles of telomere length. Conclusion: In individuals with MetS, shorter telomere length is associated with increased risks of death from cardiovascular disease and all causes. The underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings require additional investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research on the impact of examined lymph node (ELN) count on node‐negative esophageal cancer (EC) especially pT1N0M0 EC is inadequate. This study was designed to analyze the prognostic impact of ELN count on pT1N0M0 EC. Methods: Data of resected pT1N0M0 EC patients between 1988 and 2015 were extracted from the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The association between ELN count and overall survival (OS) or esophageal cancer‐specific survival (ECSS) were investigated. Factors that may predict the outcome were identified using the Kaplan‐Meier method and the Cox proportional‐hazards model. Results: A total of 906 patients who underwent resection with at least one lymph node (LN) retrieved met our criteria. The cumulative 5‐year OS was 67.6%, while the cumulative 5‐year ECSS was 75.4%. X‐Tile analysis showed that 12 was the optimal cutoff value for ELN count in terms of both OS (χ2 = 28.764, P < 0.0001) and ECSS (χ2 = 15.668, P = 0.0026). A Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis and log‐rank comparison revealed that ELN > 12 was significantly associated with better OS (HR, 0.532; 95% CI, 0.421–0.672; P < 0.001) and ECSS (HR, 0.561; 95% CI, 0.420–0.749; P < 0.001) rates than ELN ≤12. The OS and ECSS benefit of increasing ELN count were also reflected in the multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, sex, race, marital status, location, T stage, tumor size, pathology, and differentiation. Conclusions: These findings indicated that greater number of ELN count exhibits prognostic significance in pT1N0M0 EC. We recommend more than 12 LNs should be examined in pT1N0M0 EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The association between magnesium status and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear., Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between kidney reabsorption-related magnesium depletion score (MDS) and MetS among US adults., Methods: We analyzed data from 15 565 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003 to 2018. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III report. The MDS is a scoring system developed to predict the status of magnesium deficiency that fully considers the pathophysiological factors influencing the kidneys' reabsorption capability. Weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the association between MDS and MetS. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was conducted to characterize dose-response relationships. Stratified analyses by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were also performed., Results: In both univariate and multivariable analyses, higher MDS was significantly associated with increased odds of MetS. Each unit increase in MDS was associated with approximately a 30% higher risk for MetS, even after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio 1.31; 95% CI, 1.17-1.45). RCS graphs depicted a linear dose-response relationship across the MDS range. This positive correlation remained consistent across various population subgroups and exhibited no significant interaction by age, sex, race, adiposity, smoking status, or alcohol consumption., Conclusion: Higher urinary magnesium loss as quantified by MDS may be an independent linear risk factor for MetS in US adults, irrespective of sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Optimizing magnesium nutritional status could potentially confer benefits to patients with MetS., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.)

Objective: This study examined the relationship between cystatin C (CysC) levels and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in US metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients., Methods: The 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) prospective cohort research included 1980 MetS participants. To assess CysC levels and all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, fitted curves, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Cox regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed., Results: During a mean follow-up of 15.3 ± 5.4 years, a total of 819 deaths occurred. The fitted and Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that greater CysC levels were linked to higher all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality rates (P < .05). After adjusting for variables, CysC level was associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality at 1.63 (1.42-1.88), 1.53 (1.19-1.95), and 1.53 (1 ∼ 2.32), respectively (P < .05). Tertile models showed consistent results: high CysC Tertile participants showed higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.87; 1.43-2.45), CVD mortality (HR 1.97, 1.15 ∼ 3.38), and cancer mortality (HR 1.72, 1.01 ∼ 2.91) compared to those in the lowest tertile (P < .05). Subgroup studies by sex and other characteristics confirmed the findings. CysC demonstrated the higher predictive efficacy across mortality outcomes, followed by eGFR, outperforming urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and C-reactive protein. CysC alone exhibited substantial predictive value for all-cause (AUC 0.773; P < .05) and CVD mortality (AUC 0.726; P < .05). Combining CysC with age enhanced predictive value for all-cause mortality to 0.861 and CVD mortality to 0.771 (P < .05)., Conclusion: MetS patients with elevated CysC levels have a higher risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer death. CysC may predict MetS all-cause and CVD mortality., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.)

Targeted temperature management (TTM) has been partially applied in patients with restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest (CA). In the 2020 American Heart Association (AHA) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines, TTM is used as advanced life support after ROSC for the treatment of patients with CPR. TTM has a protective effect on cardiac function after CA, but the specific mechanism of its protective effect on cardiac function remains unclear. In this paper, the basic experimental progress, clinical trial progress and development prospect of TTM on the protective mechanism of cardiac function after CA are reviewed.

Background: Neutrophils play crucial roles in the inflammatory response after acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Previous studies revealed neutrophils are non-homogeneous and can be divided into at least two subtypes, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, correlated with patients' prognosis., Objective: We aimed to explore the correlation between disease severity and peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with ACI and determine whether remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating neutrophils., Methods: Patients ( n = 38) with acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction were assigned to conventional treatment ( n = 24; included aspirin, statins, neuro nutrition drugs, and circulation improvement drugs) or RIPostC ( n = 14; 7-day ischemia adaptation [complete ischemia of both upper extremities for 5 minutes followed by remission for 5 minutes, 5 repeated cycles, twice a day, started from the morning of the second day of admission] based on conventional treatment) groups, based on their preference. General clinical data and peripheral blood samples were taken three times, in the morning before and 3 and 7 days after treatment. Fifteen adults with non-acute cerebral infarction matched for sex, age, and risk factors were recruited as controls; peripheral blood samples were only collected on the recruitment day. We used flow cytometry to detect the percentage of neutrophils and Real-Time PCR to detect the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1β in the peripheral blood samples., Results: The percentage of neutrophils, pro-inflammatory neutrophils (IL-1β high expression in flow cytometry), and IL-1β mRNA expression increased after ACI ( P = 0.01, P = 0.001, P < 0.001). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of patients with ACI within one day of onset was positively correlated with the percentage of pro-inflammatory neutrophils ( R = 0.618, P = 0.043). Pro-inflammatory neutrophils in the RIPostC group decreased compared with those in the conventional treatment group, with the most significant difference observed on Day 7 ( P = 0.01). However, the percentage of neutrophils was not statistically different. IL-1β mRNA expression decreased, with the most significant difference on Day 3 ( P = 0.004). The NIHSS and Modified Rankin Scale scores for RIPostC decreased more significantly than for conventional treatment ( P = 0.002, P = 0.019)., Conclusion: More severe cerebral infarction was associated with a higher percentage of pro-inflammatory neutrophils. The neuroprotective effect of RIPostC may partly be exerted through gene regulation to reduce pro-inflammatory neutrophils.

Background: Epidemiological studies of the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intake and the risk of prostate cancer still remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential association between NSAID intake and prostate cancer risk., Methods: Eligible studies were retrieved by both computerized searches and reviews of references. Subgroup analyses on country and design of study were also performed. Random or fixed-effect models were used to pool estimates of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)., Results: We observed that the intake of aspirin was associated with a marginally decreased risk of prostate cancer (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93 to 0.98). A similar result was found between nonaspirin NSAIDs and prostate cancer risk (OR = 0.94, 95% CI =0.90 to 0.98). However, a positive relation between all-NSAID intake and prostate cancer risk was observed (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.15 to 1.22)., Conclusions: We observed a marginally inverse correlation between the intake of aspirin and prostate cancer risk. On the contrary, a positive relationship between all-NSAID intake and prostate cancer was detected. Further research needs to be conducted to better clarify potential biological mechanisms.