23 results on '"Madden, Pamela A."'
Search Results
2. Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of FTND and TTFC Phenotypes.
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Chen, Jingchun, Loukola, Anu, Gillespie, Nathan A, Peterson, Roseann, Jia, Peilin, Riley, Brien, Maes, Hermine, Dick, Daniella M, Kendler, Kenneth S, Damaj, M Imad, Miles, Michael F, Zhao, Zhongming, Li, Ming D, Vink, Jacqueline M, Minica, Camelia C, Willemsen, Gonneke, Boomsma, Dorret I, Qaiser, Beenish, Madden, Pamela A F, and Korhonen, Tellervo
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NICOTINE addiction ,PHENOTYPES ,CYTOSKELETON ,SMOKING ,ALCOHOLISM ,SMOKING statistics ,SEQUENCE analysis ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,GENETICS ,META-analysis ,HUMAN genome ,GENETIC polymorphisms ,GENETIC markers ,DISEASE susceptibility ,RESEARCH funding ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Introduction: FTND (Fagerstrӧm test for nicotine dependence) and TTFC (time to smoke first cigarette in the morning) are common measures of nicotine dependence (ND). However, genome-wide meta-analysis for these phenotypes has not been reported.Methods: Genome-wide meta-analyses for FTND (N = 19,431) and TTFC (N = 18,567) phenotypes were conducted for adult smokers of European ancestry from 14 independent cohorts.Results: We found that SORBS2 on 4q35 (p = 4.05 × 10-8), BG182718 on 11q22 (p = 1.02 × 10-8), and AA333164 on 14q21 (p = 4.11 × 10-9) were associated with TTFC phenotype. We attempted replication of leading candidates with independent samples (FTND, N = 7010 and TTFC, N = 10 061), however, due to limited power of the replication samples, the replication of these new loci did not reach significance. In gene-based analyses, COPB2 was found associated with FTND phenotype, and TFCP2L1, RELN, and INO80C were associated with TTFC phenotype. In pathway and network analyses, we found that the interconnected interactions among the endocytosis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, axon guidance, MAPK signaling, and chemokine signaling pathways were involved in ND.Conclusions: Our analyses identified several promising candidates for both FTND and TTFC phenotypes, and further verification of these candidates was necessary. Candidates supported by both FTND and TTFC (CHRNA4, THSD7B, RBFOX1, and ZNF804A) were associated with addiction to alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, and were associated with autism and schizophrenia. We also identified novel pathways involved in cigarette smoking. The pathway interactions highlighted the importance of receptor recycling and internalization in ND.Implications: Understanding the genetic architecture of cigarette smoking and ND is critical to develop effective prevention and treatment. Our study identified novel candidates and biological pathways involved in FTND and TTFC phenotypes, and this will facilitate further investigation of these candidates and pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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3. Adolescent cannabis use and repeated voluntary unprotected sex in women.
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Agrawal, Arpana, Few, Lauren, Nelson, Elliot C., Deutsch, Arielle, Grant, Julia D., Bucholz, Kathleen K., Madden, Pamela A. F., Heath, Andrew C., and Lynskey, Michael T.
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TEENAGE girls ,UNSAFE sex ,YOUNG women ,MARIJUANA abuse ,MEDICAL marijuana ,TWINS ,RISK-taking behavior ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,WOMEN'S sexual behavior ,AFRICAN Americans ,HUMAN sexuality ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CANNABIS (Genus) ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,INTERVIEWING ,PROBABILITY theory ,RESEARCH funding ,RISK perception ,SELF-evaluation ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DISEASE prevalence ,DATA analysis software ,ATTITUDES toward sex ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Background and aims Substance use has been implicated in the onset and maintenance of risky sexual behaviors, which have particularly devastating consequences in young women. This study examined whether (i) adolescent onset of cannabis use is associated with repeated voluntary unprotected sex in women and (ii) whether this association persists after accounting for correlated familial influences. Design General population sample of female twins. Setting Midwestern United States. Participants A total of 2784 sexually active twin women (15.5% African American) aged 18-27 years (assessed 2002-05), including 119 dizygotic (DZ) and 115 monozygotic (MZ) discordant pairs. Measurements Self-report interview data on cannabis use that first occurred prior to age 17 (27.1%) and repeated voluntary unprotected sex (27.2%). Key covariates included early onset of regular drinking, regular smoking, sexual debut and menstruation as well as conduct disorder symptoms and childhood sexual abuse. Findings Compared with never users and those who started using cannabis at a later age, adolescent cannabis users were more likely to report repeated voluntary unprotected sex [odds ratio (OR) = 2.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.24-3.22]. Genetic ( r
g = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38-0.87) and non-shared environmental ( re = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.02-0.38) factors contributed to the association. After accounting for correlated familial factors, there was a consistent elevation in the likelihood of repeated voluntary unprotected sex in the exposed twin relative to her genetically identical never/late-onset user co-twin (unadjusted OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.14-4.44), even after adjustment for covariates (adjusted OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.08-4.80). Conclusions Women who start using cannabis during adolescence appear to be more likely to report voluntary engagement in repeated unprotected sex than women who never use cannabis or who initiate cannabis use after adolescence. The results appear to be independent of shared genetic influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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4. Are There Differences Between Young African-American and European-American Women in the Relative Influences of Genetics Versus Environment on Age at First Drink and Problem Alcohol Use?
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Sartor, Carolyn E., Nelson, Elliot C., Lynskey, Michael T., Madden, Pamela A. F., Heath, Andrew C., and Bucholz, Kathleen K.
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ALCOHOLISM ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,AGE distribution ,ECOLOGY ,EUROPEANS ,TWINS ,INTERVIEWING ,ALCOHOL drinking ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DATA analysis software ,ODDS ratio ,MAXIMUM likelihood statistics ,AFRICAN Americans ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PHENOTYPES - Abstract
Background Differences in age at initiation of alcohol use and rates of problem drinking between African Americans and European Americans are well documented, but the association between early and problem use-and distinctions by ethnic group in this association-have yet to be examined in a genetically informative framework. Methods Data were derived from a longitudinal study of female twins in Missouri. The sample was composed of 3,532 twins (13.6% African-American [AA], 86.4% European-American [EA]), who participated in the fourth wave of data collection and reported consumption of at least 1 alcoholic drink over the lifetime. Mean age at Wave 4 was 21.7 (range = 18 to 29) years. Twin modeling was conducted to estimate the relative contributions of additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) factors to variation in age at first drink and problem alcohol use and the cross-phenotype overlap in these influences. Results Early initiation of alcohol use predicted problem use in EA but not AA women. Separate AA and EA twin models produced substantially different estimates (but not statistically different models) of the relative contributions of A and C to problem alcohol use but similar genetic correlations between the phenotypes. Whereas 33% of the variance in the EA model of problem use was attributed to C, no evidence for C was found in the AA model. Heritability estimates for problem alcohol use were 41% in the AA model, 21% in the EA model. Evidence for A and C were found in both AA and EA models of age at first drink, but the A estimate was higher in the EA than AA model (44% vs. 26%). Conclusions Findings are suggestive of distinctions between AA versus EA women in the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences on the development of problem drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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5. Cannabinoid Receptor Genotype Moderation of the Effects of Childhood Physical Abuse on Anhedonia and Depression.
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Agrawal, Arpana, Nelson, Elliot C., Littlefield, Andrew K., Bucholz, Kathleen K., Degenhardt, Louisa, Henders, Anjali K., Madden, Pamela A. F., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Pergadia, Michele L., Sher, Kenneth J., Heath, Andrew C., and Lynskey, Michael T.
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CHILD abuse ,ANHEDONIA ,DEPRESSION in children ,CANNABINOID receptors - Abstract
The article discusses the effects of a synonymous polymorphism on the childhood physical abuse linked to anhedonia and depression. The study involved 1041 young U.S. women with comparison to 1428 heroin-dependent Australian sample, and 506 participants as controls. As stated, stress due to childhood physical abuse on anhedonia and anhedonic depression can be attributed to a synonymous cannabinoid receptor (CNR1) polymorphism.
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- 2012
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6. The Interpretability of Family History Reports of Alcoholism in General Community Samples: Findings in a Midwestern U.S. Twin Birth Cohort.
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Waldron, Mary, Madden, Pamela A. F., Nelson, Elliot C., Knopik, Valerie S., Glowinski, Anne L., Grant, Julia D., Lynskey, Michael T., Jacob, Theodore, Sher, Kenneth J., Bucholz, Kathleen K., and Heath, Andrew C.
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IMMIGRANTS , *ALCOHOLISM , *BLACK people , *ALCOHOL drinking , *INTERVIEWING , *PARENTS , *RACE , *RESEARCH funding , *SELF-evaluation , *TWINS , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *FAMILY history (Medicine) , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background: Although there is a long tradition in alcoholism research of using family history ratings, the interpretability of family history reports of alcoholism from general community samples has yet to be established. Methods: Telephone interview data obtained from a large cohort of female like-sex twins ( N = 3,787, median age 22) and their biological parents ( N = 2,928, assessed at twins' median age 15) were analyzed to determine agreement between parent self-report, parent ratings of coparent, and twin narrow (alcohol problems) and broad (problem or excessive drinking) ratings of each parent. Results: In European ancestry ( EA) families, high tetrachoric correlations were observed between twin and cotwin ratings of parental alcohol problems, between twin and parent ratings of coparent alcohol problems using symptom-based and single-item assessments, as well as moderately high correlations between twin and both mother and father self-reports. In African American ( AA) families, inter-rater agreement was substantially lower than for EA families, with no cases where father ratings of maternal alcohol problems agreed with either twin ratings or mother self-report, and both cotwin agreement and mother-twin agreement were reduced. Differences between EA and AA families were not explained by differences in years of cohabitation with father or mother's education; however, underreporting of problems by AA parents may have contributed. Conclusions: Results support the use of family history ratings of parental alcoholism in general community surveys for EA families, but suggest that family history assessment in AA families requires improved methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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7. Correlates of Alcohol Abuse/Dependence in Early-Onset Alcohol-Using Women.
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Jenkins, Mitchell B., Agrawal, Arpana, Lynskey, Michael T., Nelson, Elliot C., Madden, Pamela A. F., Bucholz, Kathleen K., and Heath, Andrew C.
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ALCOHOLISM ,ALCOHOL drinking ,WOMEN ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,MULTIVARIATE analysis - Abstract
Early-onset alcohol use is associated with increased vulnerability to subsequent alcohol abuse and dependence. However, not all early-onset alcohol users develop alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Using a sample of young women from the United States, we identify correlates that contribute to a greater likelihood of AUDs in early-onset alcohol users. Using interview and questionnaire data on participants of the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study (MOAFTS), we examine whether measures from domains including sociodemographic, pubertal development, religiosity, educational achievement, adverse life events, internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, and family history and discipline were associated with development of AUDs in 1,158 women who had their first drink of alcohol prior to age 16. Early-onset drinkers were 3.6 times more likely to meet criteria for AUDs than later onset drinkers. While univariate analyses revealed that a host of correlates were associated with likelihood of AUDs in early-onset drinkers, multivariate analyses suggested that, even after accounting for a particularly early age of onset of drinking, those with a history of physical abuse, cotwin alcohol problems, conduct disorder, regular smoking, older peers, and peer substance use were considerably more likely to meet criteria for AUDs than early-onset drinkers without a lifetime history of these correlates. The progression from first drink to AUDs is complex, and while early age at first drink is a potent risk factor, other aspects of psychopathology, family history, conduct problems, and peer affiliations can exacerbate or alleviate the risk of AUDs in these young female drinkers. (Am J Addict 2011;00:1-6) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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8. Peer substance involvement modifies genetic influences on regular substance involvement in young women.
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Agrawal, Arpana, Balasubramanian, Sumitra, Smith, Emily K., Madden, Pamela A. F., Bucholz, Kathleen K., Heath, Andrew C., and Lynskey, Michael T.
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SUBSTANCE abuse ,TOBACCO ,CANNABIS (Genus) ,ALCOHOL drinking ,COHORT analysis ,STATISTICAL correlation ,GENETICS ,YOUNG women - Abstract
Aims Peer substance involvement (PSI) is a robust correlate of adolescent substance use. A small number of genetically informative studies suggest that shared genetic and environmental factors contribute to this association. We examine mechanisms by which PSI influences the etiology of regular substance involvement (RSI), particularly in women. Design Population-based cohort study of twin women from the US Midwest. Participants 2176 twin women. Measurements To examine the relationship between self-reported PSI during adolescence and a composite RSI representing regular tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use during young adulthood, using genetically informative correlation, moderation and joint correlation-moderation models. Findings There was evidence for a significant additive genetic X environment interaction. PSI was moderately heritable (h
2 = 0.25). Genetic, shared and non-shared influences on RSI overlapped with influences on PSI (genetic correlation of 0.43). Even after controlling for these shared genetic influences, RSI was more heritable in those reporting greater PSI. Conclusions While young women may select peers based on certain dispositional traits (e.g. permissiveness towards substance use), the social milieu constructed by PSI does modify the architecture of increased RSI in those individuals with increasing levels of PSI being associated with stronger expression of heritable influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
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9. Alcohol Dependence and Reproductive Timing in African and European Ancestry Women: Findings in a Midwestern Twin Cohort.
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WALDRON, MARY, BUCHOLZ, KATHLEEN K., MADDEN, PAMELA A. F., DUNCAN, ALEXIS E., SARTOR, CAROLYN E., and HEATH, ANDREW C.
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ALCOHOL drinking , *WOMEN , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *ALCOHOLISM , *GENEALOGY , *AFRICANS , *EUROPEANS - Abstract
Objective: We examined associations between reproductive onset and history of alcohol dependence (AD) in 475 African ancestry (AA) and 2,865 European or other ancestry (EA) female twins. Method: Participants were drawn from a U.S. midwestern birth cohort study of like-sex female twin pairs born between 1975 and 1985, ages 21-32 as of last completed assessment. Cox proportional hazards regression models were estimated predicting age at first childbirth from history of AD, separately by race/ethnicity, without and with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, history of other substance involvement, psychopathology, and family and childhood risks. Results: Among EA twins, AD predicted early childbearing through age 17 and delayed childbearing from age 25 onward; in adjusted models, AD was associated with overall delayed childbearing. Among AA twins, reproductive timing and AD were not significantly related in either unadjusted or adjusted models. Conclusions: Findings for twins of European ancestry are consistent with well-documented links between early alcohol mis/use and teenage parenting as well as delays in childbearing associated with drinking-related reproductive and relationship difficulties. Extension of analyses to other racial/ethnic groups of sufficient sample size remains important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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10. Emotional and Behavioral Problems Among Female Twins: An Evaluation of the Equal Environments Assumption.
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Cronk, Nikole J., Slutske, Wendy S., Madden, Pamela A.F., Bucholz, Kathleen K., Reich, Wendy, and Heath, Andrew C.
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TWIN psychology , *BEHAVIOR disorders in children , *CHILD psychology , *ADOLESCENT psychology - Abstract
Focuses on a study which evaluated equal environments assumption for mother-reported symptoms of child and adolescent emotional and behavioral problems of female twins in Missouri. Measures and data analyses; Similarity between monozygotic and dizygotic twins; Differences in symptom correlations for twin pairs with greater and lesser environmental similarity; Results of genetic model-fitting; Analysis of findings.
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- 2002
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11. Phenotypic and familial associations between childhood maltreatment and cannabis initiation and problems in young adult European-American and African-American women.
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Grant, Julia D., Agrawal, Arpana, Werner, Kimberly B., Mccutcheon, Vivia V., Nelson, Elliot C., Madden, Pamela A.f., Bucholz, Kathleen K., Heath, Andrew C., and Sartor, Carolyn E.
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CANNABIS (Genus) , *PHYSIOLOGY , *CHILD abuse , *GENETIC models , *PHYSICAL abuse , *PREVENTION of child sexual abuse , *PREVENTION , *DISEASE progression , *TWINS , *ECOLOGY , *COGNITION , *RESEARCH funding , *WHITE people , *AFRICAN Americans , *PHENOTYPES - Abstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment is a known risk factor for cannabis initiation and problem use, but the extent to which this association is attributable to shared familial influences is unknown. We estimate the magnitude of associations between childhood maltreatment, timing of cannabis initiation, and cannabis-related problems, in European-American (EA) and African-American (AA) women, and parse the relative influence of additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C), and individual-specific environmental (E) factors on these constructs and their covariation.Methods: Data were from diagnostic telephone interviews conducted with 3786 participants (14.6% AA) in a population-based study of female twins. Logistic regression analyses and twin modeling were used to test for associations, and estimate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences to childhood maltreatment and cannabis outcomes and their covariation.Results: Maltreatment was significantly associated with increased likelihood of cannabis initiation before age 15 among EAs (OR=6.33) and AAs (OR=3.93), but with increased likelihood of later initiation among EAs only (OR=1.68). Maltreatment was associated with cannabis problems among both groups (EA OR=2.32; AA OR=2.03). Among EA women, the covariation between maltreatment and cannabis outcomes was primarily attributable to familial environment (rC=0.67-0.70); among AAs, only individual-specific environment contributed (rE=0.37-0.40).Conclusion: Childhood maltreatment is a major contributor to early initiation of cannabis as well as progression to cannabis problems in both AA and EA women. Distinctions by race/ethnicity are not in the relative contribution of genetic factors, but rather in the type of environmental influences that contribute to stages of cannabis involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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12. Genetic and environmental contributions to initiation of cigarette smoking in young African-American and European-American women.
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Sartor, Carolyn E., Grant, Julia D., Agrawal, Arpana, Sadler, Brooke, Madden, Pamela A.F., Heath, Andrew C., and Bucholz, Kathleen K.
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SMOKING , *TOBACCO use , *TEENAGERS , *HEALTH of African Americans , *WOMEN'S tobacco use , *ETHNICITY , *GENETICS , *SMOKING & psychology , *BLACK people , *COMPARATIVE studies , *COMPULSIVE behavior , *ECOLOGY , *FAMILY health , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *TWINS , *TWIN psychology , *WHITE people , *PSYCHOLOGY of Black people , *EVALUATION research , *RELATIVE medical risk , *DISEASE prevalence - Abstract
Background: Distinctions in the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to initiation of cigarette smoking may explain, in part, the differences between African Americans and European Americans in the prevalence of smoking. The current investigation is the first to compare heritable and environmental influences on smoking initiation between African-American and European-American women.Methods: Data were drawn from Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study participants and female Missouri Family Study participants (n=4498; 21% African-American, the remainder European-American). Mean ages at first and last assessments were 17.0 (SD=3.5) and 24.0 (SD=3.2), respectively. Twin-sibling modeling was conducted to estimate the proportion of variance in smoking initiation (i.e., ever trying a cigarette) attributable to additive genetic, shared environmental, special twin environmental, and unique environmental factors.Results: Additive genetic influences accounted for approximately half of the variance in smoking initiation in both African-American and European-American women. In the African-American subsample, the remaining variance was attributable primarily to unique environmental factors (46%; 95% CI: 28-71%). In the European-American subsample, only 12% (95% CI: 8-16%) of the variance was attributable to unique environmental factors, with the remainder accounted for by shared environmental (13%; 95% CI: 0-41%) and special twin environmental (24%; 95% CI: 0-52%) factors.Conclusions: The estimated heritability of smoking initiation is substantial and nearly identical for African-American and European-American women, but the type of environmental factors that contribute to risk differ by race/ethnicity. Whereas the primary environmental influences on European-American women's smoking initiation are at the family level, those that impact African-American women's smoking initiation are primarily individual-specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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13. The Association of Low Parental Monitoring With Early Substance Use in European American and African American Adolescent Girls.
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BLUSTEIN, ERICA C., MUNN-CHERNOFF, MELISSA A., GRANT, JULIA D., SARTOR, CAROLYN E., WALDRON, MARY, BUCHOLZ, KATHLEEN K., MADDEN, PAMELA A. F., and HEATH, ANDREW C.
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AFRICAN American teenage girls , *EUROPEAN Americans , *TEENAGE girls , *CANNABIS (Genus) , *PARENTING , *SUBSTANCE use of teenagers , *ALCOHOL drinking , *STATISTICS on Black people , *RESEARCH funding , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *WHITE people , *LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
Objective: Research indicates that low parental monitoring increases the risk for early substance use. Because low parental monitoring tends to co-occur with other familial and neighborhood factors, the specificity of the association is challenging to establish. Using logistic regression and propensity score analyses, we examined associations between low parental monitoring and early substance use in European American (EA) and African American (AA) girls, controlling for risk factors associated with low parental monitoring.Method: Participants were 3,133 EA and 523 AA girls from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study with data on parental monitoring assessed via self-report questionnaire, and with ages at first use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis queried in at least one of three diagnostic interviews (median ages = 15, 22, and 24 years).Results: The rate of early alcohol use was greater in EA than AA girls, whereas the proportion of AA girls reporting low parental monitoring was higher than in EA girls. EA girls who experienced low parental monitoring were at elevated risk for early alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use, findings supported in both logistic regression and propensity score analyses. Evidence regarding associations between low parental monitoring and risk for early substance use was less definitive for AA girls.Conclusions: Findings highlight the role of parental monitoring in modifying risk for early substance use in EA girls. However, we know little regarding the unique effects, if any, of low parental monitoring on the timing of first substance use in AA girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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14. Shared governance: 10 years later.
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McDowell, Judy B., Williams II, Randy L., Kautz, Donald D., Madden, Pamela, Heilig, Ann, and Thompson, Amy
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NURSES' associations , *NURSING research , *NURSING practice , *GOAL (Psychology) , *LEADERSHIP , *RESEARCH institutes , *CAREER development , *ASSOCIATION management - Abstract
The article examines the evolution of the shared governance model for nursing departments and organizations from 1996-2010 in the U.S. It cites the origin of shared governance at the bedside wherein members of a unit belong to council based on unit. It states the implementation of the first shared governance model in 1996, which is composed of the leadership, practice, professional development, coordinating, quality, and nursing research councils with by laws and operational calendar. It explains the revision of the 1996 model in 2007, in which unit based councils and divisional councils were added and the coordinating council was dissolved. It also discusses the significance, by laws, and objectives of shared governance models.
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- 2010
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15. The effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring outcomes
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Agrawal, Arpana, Scherrer, Jeffrey F., Grant, Julia D., Sartor, Carolyn E., Pergadia, Michele L., Duncan, Alexis E., Madden, Pamela A.F., Haber, Jon Randolph, Jacob, Theodore, Bucholz, Kathleen K., and Xian, Hong
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PREGNANT women , *WOMEN'S tobacco use , *BIRTH weight , *ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *SMOKING cessation , *MATERNAL health services , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the possible association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring outcomes of birth weight, pre-term birth, remediation, low scholastic achievement, regular smoking, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct problems while controlling for similar behaviors in parents. Methods: Using telephone interviews, data were collected, in 2001 and 2004, as a part of two United States offspring-of-twins projects. Fathers, who were twins participating in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry, their female spouse and their offspring were interviewed — information on 1,342 unique pregnancies in mothers with a history of regular smoking was utilized for these analyses. The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth weight, pre-term birth, remediation, low scholastic achievement, regular smoking, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder while controlling for similar behaviors in parents, was examined using regression. Results: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with decreased birth weight, low scholastic achievement, regular smoking and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was explained by maternal attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was also associated with earlier age of offspring initiation of smoking and onset of regular smoking. Conclusions: Maternal smoking during pregnancy may influence certain offspring outcomes via mechanisms that are independent from genetic risk attributable to comorbid conditions. Assisting expecting mothers with their smoking cessation efforts will likely provide widespread health benefits to both mother and offspring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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16. Temporal trends in smoking and nicotine dependence in relation to co-occurring substance use in the United States, 2005-2016.
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Wang, Yun, Liu, Ying, Waldron, Mary, Houston-Ludlam, Alexandra N., McCutcheon, Vivia V., Lynskey, Michael T., Madden, Pamela A.F., Bucholz, Kathleen K., Heath, Andrew C., and Lian, Min
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NICOTINE addiction , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *DRUG abuse , *HEALTH & Nutrition Examination Survey , *TOBACCO use - Abstract
Background: Despite an overall decline in tobacco use in the United States, secular trends of smoking and nicotine dependence with co-occurring substance use are not well characterized.Methods: We examined self-reported tobacco and other substance use in 22,245 participants age 21-59 in the United States from six waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Using Joinpoint regression, we assessed secular trends of smoking and nicotine dependence as a function of co-occurring use of alcohol, prescription opioids, marijuana/hashish, cocaine/heroin/methamphetamine, or other injection drug use. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted to identify the potential risk factors.Results: During 2005-2016, the prevalence of current smoking decreased (without co-occurring substance use: 17.0 %-12.7 %; with co-occurring use of one substance: 35.3 % to 24.6 %; with co-occurring use of two or more substances: 53.8 %-42.2 %), and moderate-to-severe nicotine dependence decreased as well (8.0 %-4.2 %, 16.0 %-8.8 %, and 23.9 %-15.7 %, respectively). Smoking and nicotine dependence were more likely in those with co-occurring use of one substance (current smoking: odds ratio [OR] = 2.22, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 2.01-2.45); nicotine dependence: OR = 1.88, 95 % CI = 1.63-2.17) and in those with co-occurring use of two or more substances (current smoking: OR = 5.25, 95 % CI = 4.63-5.95; nicotine dependence: OR = 3.24, 95 % CI = 2.72-3.87).Conclusions: Co-occurring substance use was associated with smaller reductions in tobacco use, over time, and with increased odds of nicotine dependence. This suggests that co-occurring substance users should be regarded as a tobacco-related disparity group and prioritized for tobacco control interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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17. Differences Between African-American and European-American Women in the Association of Childhood Sexual Abuse With Initiation of Marijuana Use and Progression to Problem Use.
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Sartor CE, Agrawal A, Grant JD, Duncan AE, Madden PA, Lynskey MT, Heath AC, and Bucholz KK
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- Adolescent, Black or African American statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Prevalence, Risk, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, United States, White People statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Child Abuse, Sexual statistics & numerical data, Marijuana Abuse epidemiology, Marijuana Smoking epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with elevated risk of early marijuana use and cannabis use disorder (CUD). Both the prevalence of CSA and the course of marijuana use differ between African Americans and European Americans. The current study aimed to determine whether these differences manifest in racial/ ethnic distinctions in the association of CSA with early and problem use of marijuana., Method: Data were derived from female participants in a female twin study and a high-risk family study of substance use (n = 4,193, 21% African-American). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses using CSA to predict initiation of marijuana use and progression to CUD symptom(s) were conducted separately by race/ethnicity. Sibling status on the marijuana outcome was used to adjust for familial influences., Results: CSA was associated with both stages of marijuana use in African-American and European-American women. The association was consistent over the risk period (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.37, 1.79] for initiation; HR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.21, 1.88] for CUD symptom onset) in European-American women. In African-American women, the HRs for initiation were 2.52 (95% CI [1.52, 4.18]) before age 15, 1.82 (95% CI [1.36, 2.44]) at ages 15-17, and nonsignificant after age 17. In the CUD symptom model, CSA predicted onset only at age 21 and older (HR = 2.17, 95% CI [1.31, 3.59])., Conclusions: The association of CSA with initiation of marijuana use and progression to problem use is stable over time in European-American women, but in African-American women, it varies by developmental period. Findings suggest the importance of considering race/ethnicity in prevention efforts with this high-risk population.
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- 2015
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18. Seasonality shows evidence for polygenic architecture and genetic correlation with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Byrne EM, Raheja UK, Stephens SH, Heath AC, Madden PA, Vaswani D, Nijjar GV, Ryan KA, Youssufi H, Gehrman PR, Shuldiner AR, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Wray NR, Nelson EC, Mitchell BD, and Postolache TT
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- Adult, Aged, Alcoholism genetics, Alcoholism psychology, Amish genetics, Amish psychology, Bipolar Disorder diagnosis, Bipolar Disorder psychology, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnosis, Depressive Disorder, Major psychology, Diseases in Twins diagnosis, Diseases in Twins genetics, Diseases in Twins psychology, Female, Genotype, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Queensland, Schizophrenia diagnosis, United States, Young Adult, Bipolar Disorder genetics, Depressive Disorder, Major genetics, Multifactorial Inheritance genetics, Schizophrenia genetics, Schizophrenic Psychology
- Abstract
Objective: To test common genetic variants for association with seasonality (seasonal changes in mood and behavior) and to investigate whether there are shared genetic risk factors between psychiatric disorders and seasonality., Method: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were conducted in Australian (between 1988 and 1990 and between 2010 and 2013) and Amish (between May 2010 and December 2011) samples in whom the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) had been administered, and the results were meta-analyzed in a total sample of 4,156 individuals. Genetic risk scores based on results from prior large GWAS studies of bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia were calculated to test for overlap in risk between psychiatric disorders and seasonality., Results: The most significant association was with rs11825064 (P = 1.7 × 10⁻⁶, β = 0.64, standard error = 0.13), an intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) found on chromosome 11. The evidence for overlap in risk factors was strongest for schizophrenia and seasonality, with the schizophrenia genetic profile scores explaining 3% of the variance in log-transformed global seasonality scores. Bipolar disorder genetic profile scores were also associated with seasonality, although at much weaker levels (minimum P value = 3.4 × 10⁻³), and no evidence for overlap in risk was detected between MDD and seasonality., Conclusions: Common SNPs of large effect most likely do not exist for seasonality in the populations examined. As expected, there were overlapping genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder (but not MDD) with seasonality. Unexpectedly, the risk for schizophrenia and seasonality had the largest overlap, an unprecedented finding that requires replication in other populations and has potential clinical implications considering overlapping cognitive deficits in seasonal affective disorders and schizophrenia., (© Copyright 2015 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.)
- Published
- 2015
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19. Risks for early substance involvement associated with parental alcoholism and parental separation in an adolescent female cohort.
- Author
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Waldron M, Vaughan EL, Bucholz KK, Lynskey MT, Sartor CE, Duncan AE, Madden PA, and Heath AC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Black People psychology, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Time Factors, Twins psychology, United States, White People psychology, Young Adult, Black or African American, Alcoholism, Child of Impaired Parents psychology, Divorce psychology, Substance-Related Disorders psychology
- Abstract
Background: We examined timing of substance involvement as a joint function of parental history of alcoholism and parental separation during childhood., Method: Data were drawn from a large cohort of female like-sex twins [n=613 African Ancestry (AA), n=3550 European or other ancestry (EA)]. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted predicting age at first use of alcohol, first alcohol intoxication, first use and regular use of cigarettes, and first use of cannabis and other illicit drugs from dummy variables coding for parental alcoholism and parental separation. Propensity score analysis was also conducted comparing intact and separated families by predicted probability of parental separation., Results: In EA families, increased risk of substance involvement was found in both alcoholic and separated families, particularly through ages 10 or 14 years, with risk to offspring from alcoholic separated families further increased. In AA families, associations with parental alcoholism and parental separation were weak and with few exceptions statistically nonsignificant. While propensity score findings confirmed unique risks observed in EA families, intact and separated AA families were poorly matched on risk-factors presumed to predate parental separation, especially parental alcoholism, requiring cautious interpretation of AA survival-analytic findings., Conclusion: For offspring of European ancestry, parental separation predicts early substance involvement that is not explained by parental alcoholism nor associated family background characteristics. Additional research is needed to better characterize risks associated with parental separation in African American families., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2014
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20. Parent, sibling and peer influences on smoking initiation, regular smoking and nicotine dependence. Results from a genetically informative design.
- Author
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Scherrer JF, Xian H, Pan H, Pergadia ML, Madden PA, Grant JD, Sartor CE, Haber JR, Jacob T, and Bucholz KK
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Registries, Risk Factors, Sibling Relations, Social Environment, Surveys and Questionnaires, Twins, United States, Young Adult, Parents psychology, Peer Group, Siblings psychology, Smoking genetics, Smoking psychology, Tobacco Use Disorder genetics, Tobacco Use Disorder psychology
- Abstract
We sought to determine whether parenting, sibling and peer influences are associated with offspring ever smoking, regular smoking and nicotine dependence (ND) after controlling for familial factors. We used a twin-family design and data from structured diagnostic surveys of 1919 biological offspring (ages 12-32 years), 1107 twin fathers, and 1023 mothers. Offspring were classified into one of four familial risk groups based on twin fathers' and their co-twins' history of DSM-III-R nicotine dependence. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used to model familial risk, paternal and maternal parenting behavior and substance use, sibling substance use, and friend and school peer smoking, alcohol and drug use. Ever smoking was associated with increasing offspring age, white race, high maternal pressure to succeed in school, sibling drug use, and friend smoking, alcohol and drug use. Offspring regular smoking was associated with these same factors with additional contribution from maternal ND. Offspring ND was associated with increasing offspring age, male gender, biological parents divorce, high genetic risk from father and mother ND, maternal problem drinking, maternal rule inconsistency and sibling drug use, and friend smoking, alcohol and drug use. Friend smoking had the largest magnitude of association with offspring smoking. This effect remains after accounting for familial liability and numerous parent and sibling level effects. Smoking interventions may have greatest impact by targeting smoking prevention among peer groups in adolescent and young adult populations., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2012
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21. Patterns of use, sequence of onsets and correlates of tobacco and cannabis.
- Author
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Agrawal A, Scherrer JF, Lynskey MT, Sartor CE, Grant JD, Haber JR, Madden PA, Jacob T, Bucholz KK, and Xian H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age of Onset, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Self Report, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Marijuana Smoking epidemiology, Smoking epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: While most individuals initiate their use of tobacco prior to onset of cannabis use, recent reports have identified a smaller subset of youth who report onset of cannabis use prior to tobacco use. In this study, we characterize patterns of cannabis and tobacco use (tobacco but not cannabis, cannabis but not tobacco or both) and compare the factors associated with onset of tobacco before cannabis and cannabis before tobacco., Methods: Data on 1812 offspring aged 12-32 years, drawn from two related offspring of Vietnam Era twin studies, were used. Individuals were divided into tobacco but not cannabis (T), cannabis but not tobacco (C) and users of both substances (CT). Those who used both could be further classified by the timing of onset of tobacco and cannabis use. Multinomial logistic regression was used to characterize the groups using socio-demographic and psychiatric covariates. Furthermore, data on parental smoking and drug use was used to identify whether certain groups represented greater genetic or environmental vulnerability., Results: 22% (N=398) reported T, 3% (N=55) reported C and 44% reported CT (N=801). Of the 801 CT individuals, 72.8% (N=583), 9.9% (N=77) and 17.3% (N=139) reported onset of tobacco before cannabis, cannabis before tobacco and onsets at the same age. C users were as likely as CT users to report peer drug use and psychopathology, such as conduct problems while CT was associated with increased tobacco use relative to T. Onset of tobacco prior to cannabis, when compared onset of cannabis before tobacco or reporting initiation at the same age was associated with greater cigarettes smoked per day, however no distinct factors distinguished the group with onset of cannabis before tobacco from those with initiation at the same age., Conclusion: A small subset of individuals report cannabis without tobacco use. Of those who use both cannabis and tobacco, a small group report cannabis use prior to tobacco use. Follow-up analyses that chart the trajectories of these individuals will be required to delineate their course of substance involvement., (Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2011
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22. Genetic and environmental contributions to BMI in adolescent and young adult women.
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Duncan AE, Agrawal A, Grant JD, Bucholz KK, Madden PA, and Heath AC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Black People genetics, Environment, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Missouri epidemiology, Obesity epidemiology, Overweight epidemiology, Prevalence, Twin Studies as Topic, Twins, Monozygotic, United States epidemiology, White People genetics, Young Adult, Black or African American, Body Mass Index, Body Weight genetics, Body Weight physiology, Genetics, Medical
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the genetic and environmental contributions to variation in BMI over time in European-American (EA) and African-American (AA) adolescent and young adult women. Self-reported BMI (kg/m(2)) data from 2,816 EA (1,306 twin pairs, 56.5% monozygotic (MZ)) and 404 AA (178 twin pairs, 42.7% MZ) women at baseline (T1; median age 15 years) and 3,225 EA (1,511 twin pairs, 55.3% MZ) and 539 AA (252 pairs, 43.3% MZ) women at follow-up (T2; median age 22 years) from a Midwestern US, population-based twin registry were used to construct biometrical genetic models. For EA women, the majority of the variance in BMI was attributable to additive genetic effects at both time points (82% for each), with the remaining variance attributable to nonshared environment. Genetic and nonshared environment correlations between adolescent and young adult BMI were 0.87 and 0.23, respectively. Among AA women, nonadditive genetic effects comprised 68% of the variance at T1 and 73% at T2, and were highly correlated (r(D) = 0.94). The proportions of variance attributable to nonshared environment at T1 (29%) and T2 (25%) were more modestly correlated (r(E) = 0.31). The remaining variance in AA women could be attributed to additive genetic effects. Additive vs. nonadditive genetic effects contribute differentially to BMI in AA vs. EA adolescent and young adult women. Additional research is needed to better characterize the environmental and genetic factors related to BMI in persons of different races to aid understanding of the complex determinants of body weight in individuals.
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- 2009
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23. A latent class analysis of illicit drug abuse/dependence: results from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.
- Author
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Agrawal A, Lynskey MT, Madden PA, Bucholz KK, and Heath AC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders psychology, Depressive Disorder psychology, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, United States epidemiology, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Depressive Disorder epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Aims: We examine the co-occurrence of abuse/dependence across different illicit drugs and test associations between these classes and major psychiatric disorders., Method: Latent class analyses were used to characterize polysubstance abuse/dependence (AB/D) in 43 093 individuals who participated in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the association between the classes of life-time illicit drug AB/D and gender, age and race, as well as life-time Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV) alcohol abuse/dependence, nicotine dependence, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social phobia and antisocial personality disorder., Results: Five latent classes were identified: no AB/D (class 1: 92.5%), cannabis AB/D only (class 2: 5.8%), stimulants + hallucinogen AB/D (class 3: 0.6%), prescription drug AB/D (class 4: 0.6%) and polysubstance AB/D (class 5: 0.5%). Major depressive disorder and nicotine dependence were associated most strongly with class 5. Anxiety disorders were associated strongly with the prescription drug AB/D class while alcohol AB/D and ASPD were associated with classes 2, 3, 4 and 5 when compared to the reference class (class 1)., Conclusions: Significant heterogeneity exists in this US population for polysubstance AB/D patterns with evidence for a subgroup with high rates of sedative, tranquilizer and opiate AB/D and a history of anxiety disorders, a stimulant/hallucinogens group, a high-risk group with elevated rates of all psychiatric disorders and a milder cannabis AB/D only group. Replication of such classes across other samples has significant implications, such as characterizing risk groups that may be etiologically diverse.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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