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2012 marked the 10th anniversary of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) policy implementation. NCLB is the United States of America law that defines the educational policy for children attending public schools. Grounded on economic theory, this law established clear quantitative criteria in order to assess achievement and set-backs in the public educational system. This article summarizes main findings gathered from a literature review on intended and unintended consequences of the law. The US experience shows that tying standardized test scores to penalties for teachers and schools is an insufficient strategy to motivate positive change in the educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]