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Language teacher identity has been studied in several contexts in English Language Teaching (ELT) field; however, looking at language teacher identity in a United States context in which teachers from other countries teach their native languages as a foreign language has been a rare topic so far. Therefore, this phenomenological qualitative study investigated the lived experiences of four foreign language teaching assistants who lived and taught in the United States through Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistant (FLTA) Program. The findings indicated four main emerging themes: (a) pedagogical shift, (b) crosscultural awareness, (c) challenges, and (d) goals and expectations. These dynamic components shaped language teachers' identity in this context. The results are presented under the framework of language teacher identity. Implications as a guide for future FLTA teachers and for teacher exchange programs are provided.

Ole Ivar Lovaas (1927-2010) is known worldwide for his research within the field of Applied Behavior Analysis, and is probably the most influential researcher within the field of treatment of children with autism. In the first part of this biographically oriented paper, we inform the readers about his family background, childhood, elementary and secondary school years, and his adolescent years during World War II in his first homeland, Norway, based on archival research and interviews. In the second part, we describe his life, academic studies, research and successes in his second home country, the United States. Finally, we briefly recount the impact Lovaas has had on the field of Applied Behavior Analysis and the treatment of and services for children with autism spectrum disorders in Norway and in the North America.

This study aims to investigate the current status of studies on "neophobia and gastronomic tourism" published in the international literature over the last 41 years (1980-2021). The data was extracted from Web of Science (WOS), and so a bibliometric analysis of the publications indexed in WOS was made in this study. The Vosviewer program was employed in order to analyse and visualize the data for a total of 3269 studies on the subject of "neophobia and gastronomy tourism" from the relevant database. Besides, the analysis of the data was supported by the R package program. It has been observed that there are 2113 articles out of 3269 documents on neophobia and gastronomy tourism and that the highest number of articles were published in 2021. The findings indicate that the most cited author was Siegrist, M. and that the most cited document was Birch, I.I. (1999). Also, it has been found that the most co-cited article was written by Pliner, P. The United States, with the most cited and strongest ties, also appears to be the most prolific country. This study is presenting an overview of neophobia and gastronomy tourism research which has been conducted over the last 41 years through bibliometric analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the findings of a study conducted on a foreign language course at a large mid-west university in the USA. In the study a web-based tool which supports both linear and non-linear learning environments was designed and developed for this course. The aim of this study was to find out students' preferences pertaining to the learning environment and to address the factors affecting their preferences. The results of this study showed that the individual characteristics of the students affected their preferences on the learning path (linear or non-linear). (Contains 3 figures and 5 tables.)

This paper explores the growing global bridal industry and the different trends, traditions, and aspects of specific countries' bridal industries. It outlines western and eastern traditions and how globalization contributes to their spread. A deeper focus is dedicated to the United States' bridal industry and the issues brick-and-mortar bridal boutiques face as more brides have started shopping at online bridal stores. The relationship between brick-and-mortar and online bridal stores is explored based on various propositions about the bridal industry's emerging challenges. These propositions include trust issues in the retail environment, convenience, selection of bridal gowns in different formats, incorporating a social experience into brick-andmortar and online bridal stores, and spreading cultural traditions. Each proposition is evaluated according to each retail format's reaction. This conceptual paper addresses the gaps in bridal research, provides managerial implications, and addresses the challenges faced by brick-andmortar and online retailers specific to the bridal context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language teacher identity has been studied in several contexts in English Language Teaching (ELT) field; however, looking at language teacher identity in a United States context in which teachers from other countries teach their native languages as a foreign language has been a rare topic so far. Therefore, this phenomenological qualitative study investigated the lived experiences of four foreign language teaching assistants who lived and taught in the United States through Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistant (FLTA) Program. The findings indicated four main emerging themes: (a) pedagogical shift, (b) crosscultural awareness, (c) challenges, and (d) goals and expectations. These dynamic components shaped language teachers' identity in this context. The results are presented under the framework of language teacher identity. Implications as a guide for future FLTA teachers and for teacher exchange programs are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors compare the special education law of Turkey with comparable law of the United States. The basis of the comparison is the legal framework represented by the six principles of the special education law of the United States, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Within each principle, the special implications for students with intellectual disability are noted. Suggestions for improving Turkey's special education law are made. These relate principally to the principles of zero reject and issues related to discipline; appropriate education, and issues concerning related services and supplementary aids and services; least restrictive environment as related specifically to students with intellectual disability; procedural due process and issues related to notice from schools to parents and dispute resolution; and parent participation. By contrast, there seems to be no reason for Turkey to modify its law with respect to the principles related to nondiscriminatory evaluation. The analysis suggests that Turkey's special education law, being largely comparable with the United States' but still appropriate for Turkey as a homogeneous, single-language, Muslim country, may be appealing to countries that are similar to it and that, like Turkey, aspire for modernism in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the internal motivational factors that influence U.S. and Chinese consumers to initiate word-of-mouth (WOM) communication in the majority market. The study found several new motivational factors not previously discussed in the WOM literature, including the three dimensions of altruism, seeking retaliation, seeking compensation, and seeking bargaining power. Both the common and different influencers of WOM between the two cultural settings found in this study could help marketers further explore the role of WOM while considering the standardization versus adaptation strategies in their global advertising and promotion campaigns across the two nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campylobacter jejuni clone SA has emerged as the predominant cause of ovine abortion outbreaks in the United States (US). Despite the fact that commercial Campylobacter vaccines are available, their efficacy in protecting abortion induced by C. jejuni clone SA is uncertain, and a protective vaccine is needed to control the disease. In this study, an experimental homologous bacterin (made of a clone SA isolate) and two commercial Campylobacter vaccines were evaluated for their protection against C. jejuni clone SA-induced sheep abortion. All vaccines induced high levels of antibodies against C. jejuni clone SA in pregnant ewes, but only the experimental homologous bacterin produced significant protection (80%). Immunoblotting showed that the experimental vaccine elicited more specific antibodies against C. jejuni clone SA. These findings strongly suggest the necessity of developing a homologous vaccine for the control C. jejuni clone SA induced abortion on sheep farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background An adequate vitamin intake is essential for a good nutritional status, especially in older women, who are more sensitive to nutritional deficiencies. The American, European and Italian Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) derive mainly from studies on adults, and it is not clear whether they also apply to elderly people. Comparing the RDAs with the actual vitamin intake of a group of healthy older women could help to clarify the real needs of elderly people. Objective Our aim was to compare the American, European, and Italian RDAs with the actual vitamin intake of a group of healthy older women. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Participants The study included 286 healthy women aged older than 65 years. Main outcome measures For each micronutrient, the 50th percentile of the distribution of its intake was considered as the average requirement, and the corresponding calculated RDA for our sample was the average requirement×1.2, as recommended by the US Food and Nutrition Board. This calculated RDA was then compared with the American, European, and Italian RDAs. Statistical analyses performed Student’s t test or the Mann-Whitney test (after checking the normal distribution of the micronutrient) for continuous variables; the χ 2 test for categorical variables. Results The calculated RDA were 2,230 μg retinol equivalents for vitamin A, 2.8 μg for vitamin B-12, 0.9 mg for thiamin, 1.4 mg for riboflavin, 3.6 mg for pantothenic acid, 1.4 mg for vitamin B-6, 320 μg for folic acid, and 115 mg for vitamin C. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the current RDAs are adequate for older women’s intake of riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and folic acid, but should be raised for vitamin B-12 and for vitamin C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]