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Informal work, labor that is otherwise legal but is not protected by the standard labor laws and social insurance programs that cover other work, is widespread in the United States, and informalization, which means shifting of employment toward informality, even more so. Recent estimates of participation in "off the books" work run as high as 36% of the adult population, and two-thirds of a sample of low-wage workers had experienced employment law violations in the previous week. Informal employment over-represents transnational migrants. Actions by multiple actors contribute to informal employment. U. S. employers engage in informalization via the "fissuring" of jobs, splitting them into less protected statuses. The country's national, regional, and local states help shape the degree of informalization by their implementation (or not) of employment law, policies on migration, and other actions. Vulnerable groups of workers pursue informal employment or self-employment as a survival strategy, whereas better-off workers self-employ to gain autonomy, flexibility, or fulfillment. Collective, organizing responses by groups of workers, primarily through civil society organizations known as "worker centers", have been growing. This article offers a comprehensive review and a conceptual discussion of what we know about informal work in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has resulted in massive refugee migration. In this article we consider how the European Union (EU) and the United States have so far managed this influx of people. For reasons explained in the article, the EU is more focused on humanitarian aid, while the United States is especially engaged through military aid. The EU and the United States have historically employed both overt and covert means of limiting refugee migration, and this has been especially the case with migrants of color. Ukrainian refugees have no problem entering EU countries and receiving help (work permits, housing, etc.), while the United States uses various ways that make entry into the United States fairly complicated and thus contain Ukrainian migration (e.g., difficulty filling out applications, finding a sponsor in the United States). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies often explain differences in family behaviors by migration status by testing four hypotheses: socialization, selection, disruption, and assimilation / adaptation. These hypotheses were initially formulated as competing explanations, but some scholars have argued that they are complementary. Currently, however, this complementary relationship is not well understood. In this article, I draw on intersectionality theory to challenge this hypothesis-based narrative of the relationship between migration and family formation and dissolution trajectories. I use retrospective information on marriages, union dissolutions, and births of men and women from five waves of the National Survey of Family Growth (1995–2015) to construct a six-category typology of family trajectories. This typology divides men and women into groups with similar family formation and dissolution trajectories. I correlate this typology with information on each respondent's race/ethnicity, educational attainment, place of birth, and age at migration. The exploratory analysis of these correlations underlines the need for approaches that move beyond testing the above-mentioned hypotheses toward nuanced descriptions of the multiple ways in which family formation and migration paths are intertwined, and how these relationships are influenced by gender and social class inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study analyzes the narratives of five Latina women living in the state of Oregon (United States) in relation to their social interactions in the service sector and public spaces of the communities in which they live. The objective is to learn about their experiences and observe if there is a critical sociolinguistic awareness that reaffirms an agency in the destination country. Drawing on a theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and raciolinguistics, three common thematic axes were obtained: the absence of Spanish in public places, the white gaze in linguistic exchanges, and multilingualism in public life. These narratives show how critical awareness triggers the resilience and agency that has allowed these women to challenge racist and linguistic discriminations in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Novedades en Población is the property of Universidad de La Habana, Centro de Estudios Demograficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Desierto sonoro (2019), Valeria Luiselli's first novel written in English and published both in English and Spanish translation, has been read by critics as an anglophone novel of "sentimental activism" (David James), with focus on the literary representation of an ongoing refugee crisis of children migrating across the southern border of the United States. This essay argues that the multiple archival registers of the novel--listening and recording devices as well as books, notes, photographs--suggest a hemispheric dimension, enabling a reading of the novel situated both in the Latin American tradition of archival fictions as well as the Anglo-American modernist tradition. As a modernist novel written in a densely poetic style, Desierto sonoro is concerned with inhabiting a past always already mediated by other texts, music, and images; as a Latin American novel, its concern is with the critique and retelling of foundational myths, embodied in storytelling and the realist tradition of Latin American writing. As such, through a deployment of different registers of experience, this novel challenges readers to think of archives as depositories of both written history and oral storytelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of URVIO - Revista Latinoamericana de Seguridad Ciudadana is the property of FLACSO - Ecuador (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Sociológicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article argues that the detention and inhumane treatment of pregnant migrants by the United States (US) immigration authorities forms part of a continuum of gendered necropolitical violence that frames migrants' lives before, during, and after crossing the US–Mexico border. In this context, pregnancy – a uniquely gendered and embodied experience – is a rich site of analysis, a place where reproductive oppression is enacted on individual bodies as well as reproduced in rhetoric that criminalizes pregnant migrant women. This article brings together two streams of analysis by feminists of color: first, the analysis by Latin American feminists of the "war against women's bodies" in the current phase of narcocapitalism and necrocapitalism in Mexico and Central America; and second, the analysis by scholars of gendered immigration enforcement ("crimmigration") and reproductive oppression in the US. This transfeminist approach brings the US reproductive justice movement into conversation with a Latin American feminist critique of gendered necropolitics in the Americas, pointing the way toward a radical politics of embodied personhood and reproductive autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Opinião Jurídica is the property of Revista Opiniao Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We analyze the experiences of suffering of Central American migrants who suffer mutilations as a consequence of events that occurred in their displacement through Mexican territory using freight trains, destined for the transfer of goods, as a means of transport. Method that has been used clandestinely by irregular migration to reach the border with the United States. The empirical material is the product of a multi-sited qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, during 2016 to 2020, where 12 cases of mutilated migrants were reconstructed through in-depth interviews and participant observations. We reflected on the ways they found to reconfigure their subjectivity since the physical injuries exposed them to death and interrupted their migratory trajectories, sometimes permanently. We will focus on the role that the sacred, as a dimension of meaning that helped to understand the event suffered, played in order to resume their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The return of Mexicans from the United States is analyzed based on number and different migration processes during the period 2015-2020 that coincides in part with the anti-immigration context promoted by Trump. Different data sources are used, mainly the 2020 Population and Housing Census in Mexico. The results show that in the last five years return migration continued to decline, there was even a greater decrease in the case of family groups with the presence of minors born in the United States. Although a large profile of situations is identified, the return continues to be explained mainly by the migration of workers to that country who later return to Mexico to reunite with their families, an increase in the age of the returnees should be noted, which reflects part of the aging process of Mexicans residing in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a data-driven method for linking people in cities over time that can be used in any country that has data tracking the locations of individuals across multiple periods. We apply this process to United States Census data from 1900 through 1940 and find that, of the 1,000 largest cities in 1900, 15 percent experienced a decline in population by 1940. We also use the large data set for this same time period, linking more than 45 million people across adjacent census records to examine which types of people exit a shrinking city and how their eventual socioeconomic outcomes differ from those who stay. Nationally, we find that those who left shrinking cities had longer life spans, greater income, better jobs, and higher education than those who stayed. We note that the regional analyses tend to follow the positive national pattern while indicating the geographic place-based differences of the cities that lost population. We also show the relation of race to the tendency to migrate from different types of cities. This method for linking millions of individuals across censuses has the potential to reveal other important characteristics of past populations, such as multidecade migration patterns and household changes in various regions over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to know the problems faced by migrant children returned from the United States to Mexico, in their incorporation into basic education institutions. It is a qualitative research, an exploring study, carried out in five elementary schools (public and private) in the municipality of Jerez de García Salinas, Zacatecas, México, distinguished by his historical and important participation in the migration of its population to the United States, with techniques such as non-participant observation and semi-structured interview (to key indirect informants: directors, teachers, and parents of returning migrant children). The results obtained allow us to conclude that they are children who have made visible the absences that subsist in the Mexican Educational System to attend this population segment that is incorporated to the schools, to continue their schooling, already initiated in the US, highlighting as the main problems the language, teachers without training from bilingualism, the organization of special courses that favor the learning of Spanish (communication, writing and reading) for returning students, as well as training for the integration and inclusion of children return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Latin American Law Review is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Central America, irregular migration to the United States has become an alternative with the aim of finding better living conditions, safety or to achieve the 'American Dream'. Mobility is linked to conflict networks associated with poverty and violence. This article aims to analyze the problem of migration in Central America and the policies of sensibilities associated with it. First, an overview of social studies on emotions in the region is presented. Then, an analysis of migration policies and the main programs implemented to control irregular migration from Central America to North America, is introduced, specifically the Agreement that designates Guatemala as a 'Safe Third Country'. As well, a characterization of the migratory context, its institutionality and the mechanisms for containing massive migratory flows is presented, as a demonstration of the relationship between state actions, sensibilities and social support mechanisms associated with migration and migrants' feelings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuing growth in remittances sent from the United States by Mexican emigrants reveals how important it is to study them. This article analyzes the spatial-temporal distribution of remittances and quantifies the effect of financial inclusion in their distribution in all Mexican municipalities between 2015 and 2020. The authors' methodology is based on a series of latent Gaussian models for competition. Their results show that an important correlation exists between financial inclusion and per capita remittances received on a municipal level, where the effect of geographical proximity is important. This article's originality lies in the use of a Bayesian spatial methodology for analyzing remittance and financial inclusion data on a municipal level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migración y Desarrollo is the property of Red Internacional de Migracion y Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the biological relationships of two groups from the precontact Southwestern United States: the Gallina of Northern New Mexico and Pottery Mound Pueblo in the Middle Rio Grande region of New Mexico. These two groups existed at different times and differ considerably in their social conditions and cultural traditions. We examine geographic and temporal structure of relationships by testing an isolation by distance model. We also test whether correlations exist between results from craniometric and dental datasets. Included are individuals from eleven geographic and ancestral linguistic groupings. No correlations exist between the dental and craniometric data, but results for both data types revealed a similar pattern of relationships. The Gallina may have moved to the Middle Rio Grande in the late 1200s AD and the populations from La Plata Highway and Pottery Mound are similar. Our results do not support isolation by temporal or geographic distance models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article is an approach to the condition of ambivalence as an experiential facet in those who migrate, in the sense in which the migrant thinks inside/otside both the site of origin and the site where they arrive. It is discuss out that in the mobility process there is a differentiation fron the categories of tourist and vagabonds. This obeys to an apprehension of the teorical approach of the sociologist Zigmunt Bauman. The exercise is developed from three particular experiences -throug interviews-: the cases of Maria, Sandra, and Jorge (pseudonyms); who have not only moved to cities in the United States but, at the same time, are not originally fron Ciudad Juarez, where they left for the United States at the time. Therefhore, their experiences are mentioned from their two moments of mobility: internal, which is from Mexican cities to Ciudad Juarez, and external, form Ciudad Juarez to cities in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the legislative, social, and economic factors that explain why a high number of Mexican citizens have been removed from the United States under the accusation of driving a vehicle under the influence of alcohol. To this end, the recent transformation of United States immigration policy is analyzed to examine, through semi-structured interviews, the deportation processes of 23 Mexican men who were expelled to Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico accused of this crime in 2019. The findings reveal that the interviewees had different levels of alcohol consumption and that most of them had started this practice in the United States. On the other hand, there is evidence of the leading role of local police officers acting as "immigration police" and that the longer immigrants reside in the United States, the greater their propensity to engage in risky behaviors such as alcohol abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The massive deportation of Mexicans from the United States, including aging adults, has shocked the lives of millions of families. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the sociodemographic and migratory factors that influence the economic and social reintegration of aging deported Mexicans. For this purpose, a mixed methodology is used, combining descriptive statistics from the Survey on Migration in the Northern Border of Mexico with five semi-structured interviews about the life histories of older adults who now reside in Tijuana. The main findings of this study reveal that the longer the residence in the United States, the greater the legal consequences of deportation. In addition, strong social networks in both countries and command of the English language positively affect integration. On the other hand, advanced age, low educational attainment and a chronic disease such as diabetes hinder this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication plays an important role in the non-copresent care that is increasingly prevalent today. Drawing on long-term research with transnational Salvadoran families, I explore how one multigenerational kin network managed a health crisis: a family member had been diagnosed with a new form of chronic kidney disease that is epidemic in rural Central American communities. The family used cross-border communication to simultaneously enact care and consolidate a particular register of care. I suggest that everyday communication is a powerful force that works both within and beyond immediate care work encounters in ways that have far-reaching consequences for ethical and moral life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes as a starting point the violence being inflicted through the current United States regime of deportation on male migrants, with the aim of understanding the precarious masculinities consequently taking form within this population. This article presents an analysis of two digital stories from the Humanizing Deportation project, both narrated by men who after being deported lived or have lived several years in precarious conditions on the streets of Tijuana. Migration is proposed as an escape, and deportation as an expulsion within the violence system that has been called the border industrial complex. Deportation represents a brutal and destructive blow that rather than inciting manifestations of the excesses of machismo, it activates a sentimentalized masculinity, which seems to tie deported men to the border, or to the streets running along the border wall, where they maximize proximity to their families, but live exposed to everyday violence. These masculinities are not doubt damaged, but not paralyzed as in some moments these men seem to exercise an infrapolitics that might be understood as an extension of the kind of agency that underlies their escape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nueva Revista del Pacífico is the property of Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Migración y Desarrollo is the property of Red Internacional de Migracion y Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to analyze the experience of deportation and labor reintegration of a migrant woman who has settled in the municipality of Nezahualcóyotl, State of Mexico since 2016. Using a qualitative methodology and a biographical approach, we recovered the voice of our informant and her subjectivity on the experience lived in the United States, as well as the actions taken to self-employ in an urban context. The findings warn that among the deported migrant population, it is necessary to change the gaze from north to south for a successful reintegration into the labor market, without necessarily implying what they consider their home in that country. Likewise, the role of the migrant person as agent and of human, social and political capital as resources for the implementation of initiatives that promote individual and collective labor reintegration of deported migrants is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we analyze the migration of girls and boys of Maya origin from the state of Yucatán who were born in the United States and who emigrated to Mexico with their families when they were minors between the decades of 1990 and 2010; currently, they are new returnees in the United States. Based on the perspective of transnational return, we examine family return to Mexico, return to the United States, and transnational mobility of this generation. We demonstrate that family members and new returnees are transnationally connected in the Península de Yucatan-California-Oregon migratory circuit; that family return to Yucatan is due to family, social, and economic reasons and return to the United States happens for economic, educational, and labor motivation. Finally, we argue that the new returnees integrate in transnational family dynamics to contribute to generational reproduction and family livelihood in California and Yucatan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies the framework of settler colonialism to examine three generations of land struggle involving the Tohono O'odham communities of Wo'oson and Cedagĭ Wahia in Sonora, Mexico. It traces how post-Revolutionary land and water reforms allowed for the consolidation of an extractive ranching economy that relied upon the dispossession of customary land and water sources accessed seasonally by Tohono O'odham ("desert peoples"). In the contemporary period, ranching has been supplemented by organized smuggling and the militarization of the U.S.-Mexico border, generating new pressures and threats to the survival of Tohono O'odham in Sonora. Reflecting on these developments, we contribute to settler colonial theory by arguing that for arid lands peoples like the Tohono O'odham, the dispossession of territory is also a dispossession of mobility–in this case, those customary forms of mobility that for the Tohono O'odham have defined their relationships with one another for millenia within their desert homeland. We conclude by examining how the Tohono O'odham in Sonora are resisting this logic of dispossession and working to renew their autonomy and way of life for present and future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the transnational digital activism practices in relation to political subjectivity among Mexican migrants in the United States. It is a political interrogation of communication practices. The study is based on ethnography, it included semi-structured interviews with Mexican migrants, as well as digital ethnography and observation. The findings enable us to situate these practices in the tension between being far away and close, which implies changes in political subjectivity and expands the ways of participation in the public space in the global age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cultura Latinoamericana is the property of Universidad Catolica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papeles de Población is the property of Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research are presented new findings about the international emigration of the Mexican working class and the configuration of new inter-metropolitan areas connections. The study makes reference to the causes and mechanisms of the migration and the economical insertion forms of Mexican workers in the United states. The research was developed through the experience of international emigration of fired workers of a steel enclave placed in Monclova, Coahuila, Mexico. Process that gave place to the connection Monclova-Dallas and Austin, Texas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Antropología Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite proposed increases in spending on personnel and equipment for border enforcement, the complex geography of border militarization and the violence it produces require further examination. We take a geographical perspective to determine the role of violence in both its official forms, such as the incarceration and punishments experienced by undocumented migrants, as well as through abuses and violence perpetrated by agents in shaping border and immigration enforcement. By drawing on the Migrant Border Crossing Study (MBCS), which is a unique data source based on 1,110 surveys of a random sample of deportees, as well as research with family members and return migrants in Puebla, Mexico, we provide an innovative and robust account of the geography of violence and migration. Identifying regional variation allows us to see the priorities and strategic use of violence in certain areas as part of enforcement practice. We assert that understanding the role of violence allows us to explain the prevalence of various forms of abuse, as well as the role of abuse in border enforcement strategies, not as a side effect, but as elemental to the current militarized strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes migration from Mexico to the United States over the past decades and seeks to explain why it began to fall starting in 2008. After providing some background on the historical trends of labor migration to the United States, the article focuses on the place of Mexicans and other Latin Americans in the United States labor market as the context that frames Mexican migration. This work then analyzes the impact of the 2008-2009 recession on Latin American laborers, especially Mexicans, and how migration flows from Mexico have evolved in recent years. The conclusion derived from the analysis of the data and trends observed is that the decline in Mexican migration starting in 2008 can primarily be explained by the behavior of labor demand in the United States, largely determined by the recession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of URVIO - Revista Latinoamericana de Seguridad Ciudadana is the property of FLACSO - Ecuador (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to introduce some significant reflections on the theoretical and empirical trends and repercussions of the migration of Mexicans to the United States that have resulted from 20 years of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It is useful to explore this direction insofar as one of the agreement's main purposes was to reduce migration flows, despite the fact that its formal structure did not refer to this migration system, the largest in the world. This exclusion was made based on the new wave of liberal policy, which said that the free movement of capital and goods across national borders would be accompanied by the containment of labor mobility, a concept theoretically backed by the neoclassical idea of the migration hump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like many other global north countries, the US is facing a nursing shortage. In the last few years, such nursing shortages have been identified as part of a broader ‘global crisis’ in nursing. Resorting to importing internationally educated nurses is a popular strategy to address the shortfall. Importing nurses into the US is not new. However, the current shortage is different because of greatly intensified efforts to recruit nurses from overseas, and because of the unprecedented scale of global nurse migration. This article uses an analysis of Census data to track the trends and geographies associated with internationally educated registered nurses (IERNs) in the US since 1980. I show that there are important subnational differences in the distribution of IERNs; most are concentrated in a few states. By paying particular attention to subnational geographies within the US, I draw attention to the variations in and implications of the distribution of IERNs and how this impacts public policy discourses associated with the transnational migration of IERNs into and within the US. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this work we analyze the access to health services that Mexican immigrants have in the United States and Mexico. We bring up an analysis of the kind of attention, access, rights and restrictions that people have in both countries through a review of the legal and institutional framework, as well as the literature on the subject. This with the purpose of arguing that current health policies, focused on the territoriality of health rights, create a double exclusion for populations of immigrants. On the one hand, the United States migratory policies derive in a progressively more restrictive access; on the other, it is shown how the Mexican health system does not provide real access due to structural, resource, and design limitations. Finally, we explore access alternatives available to immigrants given the current context, establishing several general recommendations for a better inclusion in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the extent to which the settlement pattern of migrants arriving in the United States during the major migration waves of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries left a legacy on the economic development of the counties where newcomers settled and whether this legacy endures today. Using data from the 1880, 1900, and 1910 censuses, we first look at the geography of migration by county in the forty-eight continental states. We then link this settlement pattern to current levels of local development—proxied by per-capita gross domestic product at the county level in 2005—while controlling for a number of factors that could have influenced both the location of migrants at the time of migration and the economic development of the county today. The results of the analysis underline that the earlier migration waves have left an indelible trace on territories that still determines local economic performance. U.S. counties that attracted large numbers of migrants more than a century ago remain more dynamic today than counties that did not. The results also show that the territorial imprint of migration has become more pervasive than all other local characteristics that would have shaped the economic performance of U.S. counties in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Research in the field of sexuality and space has begun to explore the relationships between gay and queer sexual subjectivities and migration. Much of this research examines the regulation and policing of queer international migrants or identity formation processes among younger queer people migrating within countries. This study, although located partially within the second category, broadens and deepens existing accounts of gay men's migrations within countries by focusing on life circumstances and events beyond an initial coming-out process and considering the migration experiences of gay men at multiple points in the life course. This study uses life course theory to contextualize the migration narratives of 48 self-identified gay men in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Washington, DC. The findings lend credence to recent claims that migration is central in the lives of gay men and other queer people but extends the concept of gay migration to include more than just the disclosure or initial development of a gay identity. They reframe migration as a tool used to negotiate a variety of life circumstances and transitions (e.g., establishing careers, creating meaningful community identities) rendered challenging by variegated landscapes of stigma and inclusion in North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of the temporary workers program that are recruited by the H2-A type visas for agricultural workers, who leave the rural state of Michoacan, Mexico, particularly of indigenous Purepecha communities and what is their participation in contracts, cross-border connections and the impact on Mexico and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decade, the employment of migrants from non-traditional regions in the U.S., such as Sinaloa, reflects not only the change in the profile of mexican migrant workers; urban, women, young and more educational level, but fits in work conditions and job insecurity flexibility in the production process. Thus, the career paths of migrants from Sinaloa workers reflect precarious and vulnerable conditions by the structural conditions of the regions of origin and destination and the effects of cyclical economic crises, adding the dependency on social and family networks that carry to a small margin of confinement and labor mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal migration rates in the United States have been steadily declining for at least twenty-five years: In 1984, 6.4 percent of the population moved between counties but by 2006—well before the most significant economic crisis since the Great Depression—annual intercounty migration rates had already declined to 4.7 percent and by 2010 to 3.5 percent. Despite the implications of the migration decline, it is poorly recognized and understood. The analysis shows that over the last thirty years, three broad trends have combined to pull migration rates dramatically lower: an increase in dual-worker couples, increased household indebtedness, and the widespread rise of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The first two are probably linked, as households have responded to decreasing real income over the last quarter-century through greater female labor force participation and maintaining current levels of consumption by borrowing ever more heavily from the equity in their homes. Thus, although this analysis shows that the decline in migration rates is not directly linked to the Great Recession, the migration decline is surely linked to the broader macroeconomic shifts that gave rise to it. With respect to the role of ICTs, it is not surprising that as ICTs have transformed nearly everything else across society, their use has affected migration rates. It is presumed that ICTs are providing new forms of mobility that are substituting for migration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)