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This study seeks to establish whether medico-legal practitioners differ in their autopsy conclusions within and across medico-legal institutions. Data include 459 violent deaths (homicides, suicides, and accidents) autopsy reports written by more than 20 death certifiers from four medico-legal institutions in two countries (France and the United States). Multinomial models show that compared with accidental deaths, weapon use and decedents' characteristics both influence a homicide verdict, but not a suicide one. In addition, French practitioners are more likely than Americans to reach a conclusion of homicide or suicide compared with accident, and homicides are more likely to be certified by male practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although police decision making and behavior always face intense public scrutiny, officers' criminal lifestyles have largely been ignored in national debates and discussions. The primary focus of this study was to understand factors that predicted police criminality. To achieve this objective, we analyzed a nationally representative dataset on officers who were arrested from 2005 to 2011 using advanced statistical approaches. Results obtained using multilevel modeling demonstrate the predictive effects of officer and agency characteristics in explaining police criminality. Specifically, findings reveal differences in types of crimes committed by the officers. For example, male officers engage in crimes that are entirely different from those committed by their female counterparts. Likewise, on-duty officers tend to criminally behave differently from their off-duty counterparts. Furthermore, agency-level factors such as type of agency, number of sworn officers, and location of the agency predict police crime. Current findings highlight the importance of policies that would directly address criminality in law enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the role of probation officers in recidivism prevention for ensuring public safety. Topics discussed include changes in the justice system of the U.S. Courts for prisoners released to community supervision, to deal with challenges of retributive justice, and the perspectives of the U.S. criminal justice system.

The article presents a study that analyzes messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in epidermal growth factor-induced glioblastoma cell proliferation in the U.S. The study showed that EGF-induced ARF6 expression plays a significant role in glioma cell proliferation. The study found out that EGF induces ARF6 expression by investigating the downstream signaling of EGFR-mediated ARF6 up-regulation.

Investigates the potential influence of financial-related variables over the outsourcing decisions of athletic administrators in the U.S. Issues associated with the business aspect of college sports; Implications of business-driven college sports for institutions of higher education; Factors that determine the commercialized nature of college sports.

The article reports on the criminal justice system in the U.S. Information about the differences between the responsibilities of probation officers for adults and juveniles in the country, is provided. An overview on the paradigm shifts and challenges in managing resource allocation, offender supervision effectiveness and management of related public safety needs, is also cited.

Provides information on a study which examined the fluoroquinolone and erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from patients in Pennsylvania. Methods; Results and discussion; Conclusion.

The United States is facing a national opioid epidemic, and medical systems are in need of non-pharmacologic strategies that can be employed to decrease the public's opioid dependence. Acupuncture has emerged as a powerful, evidence-based, safe, cost-effective, and available treatment modality suitable to meeting this need. Acupuncture has been shown to be effective for the management of numerous types of pain conditions, and mechanisms of action for acupuncture have been described and are understandable from biomedical, physiologic perspectives. Further, acupuncture's cost-effectiveness can dramatically decrease health care expenditures, both from the standpoint of treating acute pain and through avoiding addiction to opioids that requires costly care, destroys quality of life, and can lead to fatal overdose. Numerous federal regulatory agencies have advised or mandated that healthcare systems and providers offer non-pharmacologic treatment options for pain. Acupuncture stands out as the most evidence-based, immediately available choice to fulfill these calls. Acupuncture can safely, easily, and cost-effectively be incorporated into hospital settings as diverse as the emergency department, labor and delivery suites, and neonatal intensive care units to treat a variety of commonly seen pain conditions. Acupuncture is already being successfully and meaningfully utilized by the Veterans Administration and various branches of the U.S. military, in some studies demonstrably decreasing the volume of opioids prescribed when included in care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Men have higher mortality rates than women for most causes of death. This study was conducted to determine the contribution of specific causes of death to the sex difference in years of potential life lost (YPLL). Methods. The authors examined data from the National Health Interview Survey with linked mortality data through 1997. Using survival analysis estimates, a stochastic simulation model to simulate death events for cohorts of white, African American, and Latino adults was created. Results. YPLL from all causes were greater among men than women. Homicide, motor vehicle accidents, and suicide accounted for 33% of YPLL sex difference among whites, 36% among African Americans, and 52% among Latinos. For all three racial/ethnic groups, cardiovascular disease (principally ischemic heart disease) was the second largest contributor to the sex difference in YPLL (29% among whites, 23% among African Americans, and 25% among Latinos). Lung cancer was also important among whites and African Americans, accounting for 15% and 17% of the sex difference in YPLL from all causes, respectively. Conclusions. Ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, and traumatic deaths account for as much as three-quarters of the excess YPLL among men, suggesting that a few modifiable behaviors such as the use of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs and violence may account for much of the shorter life expectancy among men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]