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The article focuses on the installation of slurry trenches and relief wells to strengthen Ohio and Mississippi river levee systems. Topics discussed include historical geological features of the Cache River valley area, consequences of cache river levee failure in Ohio and Mississippi, restoration of cache river levees, impact of flooding on farmland located North of Cairo area, and impact of 2011 flooding on unleveed agricultural lands.

Abstract: The atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been due largely to the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, cultivation of the grasslands, drainage of the land, and land use changes. This has led to increase in greenhouse gases, created concerns about the potential for long-term climate change and interest in developing methods to sequester some of this atmospheric carbon. In agricultural land areas no-tillage (NT) systems have been proposed, to replace moldboard plow and chisel systems as a way to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC). Numerous estimates have been published of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration total and rates as a result of a switch to NT systems. Other researchers have proposed the use of cover crops, synthetic fertilizers, organic fertilizer, manure, liming, agricultural systems and management, agroforestry, forages, compost, crop rotations, and reduced row crop use as ways to sequester SOC. For SOC sequestration to occur as a result of a treatment applied to a land unit, all of the SOC sequestered must have come from atmosphere and be transferred into the soil humus through the unit plants, plant residues and other organic solids. The amount of SOC present in the soil humus at the end of the study has to be greater than the pre-treatment SOC levels in the same land unit and there needs to be a net depletion of atmospheric CO2 as a result. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) determine long-term study SOC levels and trends in agricultural lands, (2) application of the SOC sequestration concept to a specific site, (3) identify appropriate experimental designs for plot area use in determining SOC sequestration, (4) develop a procedure, such as pre-treatment measurements of SOC levels in the plots before treatments are applied, to verify SOC sequestration at a site (5) equivalent soil mass sampling method, (6) compare laboratory methods for quantifying SOC content, and (7) account for the loading of C rich amendments. To unequivocally demonstrate SOC sequestration at a specific site has occurred, a temporal increase must be documented relative to pre-treatment SOC level and linked to a net depletion of atmospheric CO2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents information on the restoration of the land that were destroyed during the flood in 2011 in the U.S. It informs that the 100 hectare of land was converted into deep gullies and eroded tons of soil, damaging irrigation equipment, farm buildings and homes. It further informs that the reclamation and restoration of these lands very time consuming.

The article focuses on the effects of the flooding in Cairo, Illinois, which was caused by the swelling of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers in 2011. It says that Cairo is situated at the confluence of the two rivers, wherein the Fort Defiance State Park was under water in the April 2011 flooding, as well as the Illinois farmlands. Furthermore, the decision of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to blow up the New Madrid Floodway helped to lessen the impact of the flood.

Investigates the use of computerized psychological tests in American Psychological Association-accredited training programs. Factors influencing psychologists' decisions to use computers in clinical practice; Reception of client to computerized assessments; Comparison between computerized and traditional psychological testings.

This article addresses the issue of conversational activity and interruptions in small mixed-sex groups. Institutional sexual discrimination has been frequently documented. Interpersonal sexual discrimination involving subtle day-to-day folkways and sometimes unnoticed behaviors has also been empirically verified. Conversation interruption has been proposed to be one of the ways in which men display dominance and thus relates to the important issue of sexual discrimination. Research conducted in the U.S. has found that men tend to speak longer than women do and that men tend to interrupt more often than women do. Male and masculine-oriented subjects tended to be lowest on feelings of social inadequacy and highest in interruptions. The focus of this study was conversational activity and interruptions as related to sex of subject, sex role orientation and feelings of social inadequacy. This finding provides one of the few empirically based possible explanations for American men engaging in high rates of interruptions.