13 results on '"P. Mullan"'
Search Results
2. Trajectories of Delinquency from Adolescence to Adulthood
- Author
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Powell, Darci, Perreira, Krista M., and Harris, Kathleen Mullan
- Abstract
Rising immigration rates to the United States have been associated with increased public sentiment against immigrant populations and fears that immigration will lead to escalations in crime and delinquency. However, surprisingly few researchers have studied delinquency among immigrant youth overall or in comparison with U.S.-born youth. Guided by a life-course perspective, this article uses three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to describe longitudinal variations in delinquency by gender, race/ethnicity, immigrant generation, coethnic community concentration, and their interactions. The article finds that first-generation Asian females and second-generation Hispanic females have the highest risk of delinquency during early adolescence. During late adolescence, Asian and Hispanic third-plus generation youth have the highest risk of delinquency. However, as youth transition to adulthood, the rates of delinquency for all population groups converge. (Contains 4 tables, 4 figures, and 5 notes.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Informing conservation decisions to target private lands of highest ecological value and risk of loss.
- Author
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Hansen, Andrew J., Mullan, Katrina, Theobald, David M., Robinson, Nathaniel, East, Alyson, and Powell, Scott
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CONSERVATION easements ,ECOLOGICAL integrity ,BIODIVERSITY conservation ,URBAN growth ,CONSERVATION of natural resources ,HABITATS - Abstract
Natural habitats on private lands are potentially important components of national biodiversity conservation strategies, yet they are being rapidly lost to development. Conservation easements and other means of protecting these habitats have expanded in use and will be most effective if they target private lands of highest biodiversity value and risk of loss. We developed a Biodiversity Conservation Priority Index (BCPI) based on ecological value and risk of habitat loss for remaining areas of natural vegetation cover (NVC) in the northwestern United States and addressed two questions: (1) Which remaining NVC on private lands is the highest priority for biodiversity conservation based on ecological value and risk of development? And (2) are conservation easements in NVC placed preferentially in locations of high biodiversity conservation priority? Drawing on the concept of ecological integrity, we integrated five metrics of ecological structure, function, and composition to quantify ecological value of NVC. These included net primary productivity, species richness, ecosystem type representation, imperiled species range rarity, and connectivity among "Greater Wildland Ecosystems." Risk of habitat loss was derived from analysis of biophysical and sociodemographic predictors of NVC loss. Ecological value and risk of loss were combined into the BCPI. We then analyzed spatial patterns of BCPI to identify the NVC highest in biodiversity conservation priority and examined the relationship between BCPI and conservation easement status. We found that BCPI varied spatially across the study area and was highest in western and southern portions of the study area. High BCPI was associated with suburban and rural development, roads, urban proximity, valley bottom landforms, and low intensity of current development. Existing conservation easements were distributed more towards lower BCPI values than unprotected NVC at both the study area and region scales. The BCPI can be used to better inform land use decision making at local, regional, and potentially national scales in order to better achieve biodiversity goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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4. Rehabilitation Traumatology: A Narrative Review.
- Author
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Bloodworth, Donna, Pandit, Sindhu, Mullan, Patrick, and Chiou-Tan, Faye
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FORECASTING ,PHYSICAL medicine ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,TRAUMA centers ,TRAUMATOLOGY ,WOUNDS & injuries ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,NARRATIVES - Abstract
Rehabilitation traumatology has developed within the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation as a specialized area of knowledge in which the physiatrist works with the traumatology team to enhance the functional outcome of trauma patients. Based on the definition of traumatology in the American Heritage Dictionary, the authors propose rehabilitation traumatology be "the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of serious wounds, injuries, and disabilities," "to restore [the patient] to good health or useful life." This article reviews the history of traumatology, special considerations of the traumatology patient through the continuum of care, and concepts toward the creation of a rehabilitation traumatology program.
Level Of Evidence: V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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5. Links Between Poverty and Obesity Through the Life Course into Young Adulthood.
- Author
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Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Lee, Hedwig, and Gordon-Larsen, Penny
- Subjects
OBESITY ,POVERTY ,FAMILIES ,TEENAGERS ,HUMAN life cycle ,SOCIAL status - Abstract
Increasing obesity rates among Americans is a serious issue in the United States, especially among younger populations. A growing body of research has investigated the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity. However, most of this research focuses on adults. The research that does focus on children and adolescents, if nationally representative, investigates the relationship between SES and obesity at one point in time. Further, this research finds inconsistent results due to different measures of SES used, as well as differing ways in which obesity is measured. There has also been very little nationally representative research, which specifically looks at the relationship between poverty and obesity in children and adolescents over time. This paper investigates the relationship between family poverty status and obesity status in adolescence over time and into young adulthood using three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) and multinomial logistic regression. In addition, this paper models possible mediating mechanisms, stemming from economic, sociological and nutrition-based theories that help to explain the links between poverty and obesity. The argument of this article is that research that investigates the empirical relationship between obesity and poverty status must go beyond simply measuring poverty status but also include measures that capture the experience of poverty, which better explain what it is about poverty that causes obesity in the U.S. This analysis finds factors that describe family context for adolescents significantly affect their obesity status later in life (roughly six year later). Family poverty status, maternal full-time work status and neighborhood poverty have enduring effects on adolescents' obesity status as they move into young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
6. Cohabit or Marry: Union Formation Patterns among Young Adults of Different Immigrant Generations.
- Author
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Ping Chen, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, and Guang Guo
- Subjects
YOUNG adults ,UNMARRIED couples ,IMMIGRANTS ,ACCULTURATION ,MARRIAGE ,RELIGIOUSNESS - Abstract
This research takes a developmental and comparative approach to examine union formation processes among young adults of different immigrant generations in the United States using data from Add Health. We use life table methods and discrete time hazard models of competing risks to assess the effect of immigrant generation on first cohabitation and marriage patterns. We test the acculturation hypotheses that young adults of first and second immigrant generations will have lower rates of cohabitation, but higher rates of marriage, as immigrants will be less likely to adopt the western norms of union formation. We find strong and robust evidence that young people of first and second generation are less likely to embrace the alternative path of cohabitation and the first generation are more like to take the tradition route of marriage during early adulthood confirming the acculturation effect. Moreover, the research finds that cultural factors (including ethnicity, foreign language use, religiosity), and structural factors (including parental education, and family structure during adolescence, and number of siblings), which vary across different generations, mediate the effect of the acculturation factor of immigrant generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
7. What are we Measuring? An Evaluation of The CES-D Across Race/Ethnicity and Immigrant Generation.
- Author
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Deeb-Sossa, Natalia, Perreira, Krista, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, and Bollen, Kenneth
- Subjects
MENTAL health ,MINORITIES ,IMMIGRANTS ,MENTAL health surveys - Abstract
Detailed Abstract One of the key measurement instruments used to evaluate mental health is the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The CES-D was developed in 1976 for use in general adult population (aged 18 or older). The CES-D has been used to assess depression risks in several populations (e.g., adolescent, elderly, ethnic, and clinical populations) for whom it was not originally designed. The usage of the CES-D to measure mental health outcomes for different racial, ethnic and generational groups (i.e. 1st generation, 2nd generation and 3rd generation) assumes that the CES-D is comparable across these groups. There are several reasons why we question this assumption. First, the CES-D was originally designed to measure depression in a primarily European-American population with native English speaking abilities. These instruments have not been thoroughly validated for use in the multiethnic and foreign-born populations currently living in the U.S. (Flores 2002). Second, Radloff (1977) identified a four-factor solution in the CES-D for an adult European-American population. The four-factor solution needs to be evaluated in an adolescent population, and tested in the different racial, ethnic and generational groups in which this scale is been used. Third, the CES-D, as currently used does not distinguish causal from effect indicators. Treating variables as effect rather than causal indicators leads to model specification error, which, can bias parameter estimators and lead to incorrect assessments of the relationships between variables (Bollen and Ting, 2000). To validate the use of the CES-D across different ethnic, racial and generational groups, test the dimensionality of the CES-D for these same groups, and compare causal and effect indicator models we used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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8. Discordance in national estimates of hypertension among young adults.
- Author
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Nguyen, Quynh C., Tabor, Joyce W., Entzel, Pamela P., Lau, Yan, Suchindran, Chirayath, Hussey, Jon M., Halpern, Carolyn T., Harris, Kathleen Mullan, and Whitsel, Eric A.
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HYPERTENSION epidemiology ,HYPERTENSION ,BLOOD pressure measurement ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH funding ,SURVEYS ,EVALUATION research ,RESEARCH bias ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Background: In the United States, where coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality, CHD risk assessment is a priority and accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is essential.Methods: Hypertension estimates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), Wave IV (2008)-a nationally representative field study of 15,701 participants aged 24-32-was referenced against NHANES (2007-2008) participants of the same age. We examined discordances in hypertension, and estimated the accuracy and reliability of blood pressure in the Add Health study.Results: Hypertension rates (BP: ≥ 140/90 mm Hg) were higher in Add Health compared with NHANES (19% vs. 4%), but self-reported history was similar (11% vs. 9%) among adults aged 24-32. Survey weights and adjustments for differences in participant characteristics, examination time, use of antihypertensive medications, and consumption of food/caffeine/cigarettes before blood pressure measurement had little effect on between-study differences in hypertension estimates. Among Add Health participants interviewed and examined twice (full and abbreviated interviews), blood pressure was similar, as was blood pressure at the in-home and in-clinic examinations conducted by NHANES III (1988-1994). In Add Health, there was minimal digit preference in blood pressure measurements; mean bias never exceeded 2 mm Hg; and reliability (estimated as intraclass correlation coefficients) was 0.81 and 0.68 for systolic and diastolic BPs, respectively.Conclusions: The proportion of young adults in NHANES reporting a history of hypertension was twice that with measured hypertension, whereas the reverse was found in Add Health. Between-survey differences were not explained by digit preference, low validity, or reliability of Add Health blood pressure data, or by salient differences in participant selection, measurement context, or interview content. The prevalence of hypertension among Add Health Wave IV participants suggests an unexpectedly high risk of cardiovascular disease among US young adults and warrants further scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Social Adaptation Problems Among Amerasian Refugees.
- Author
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Mullan, Brendan, Rumsey, Chong-Anna, and Majka, Lorraine
- Subjects
AMERASIANS ,REFUGEES ,SOCIAL adjustment ,AMERICAN Homecoming Act ,UNITED States emigration & immigration - Abstract
In this paper we describe and explain a variety of problems experienced by Amerasian youths upon their resettlement in the United States. We examine a matrix of contextual, household and individual behavioral predictors of Amerasian youths' problems and we argue that, taken individually, existing theoretical frameworks do not adequately explain the Amerasian adaptation process. The most significant predictors of Amerasian youths' problems are an unstable home environment, gender (maleness), whether or not the mother reported mental and physical problems, and the type of assistance provider (mutual assistance association). We add to existing research on Amerasians' process of adaptation by incorporating a wider variety of youths' problems into the dependent variable, by including hitherto unavailable independent variables into the analysis, and by suggesting some immediate strategies and new policy initiatives aimed at helping resettlement agencies deal with this specialized immigrant population. In sum, we demonstrate that Amerasians' unofficially "mixed" immigration status -- they are designated as immigrants who are treated as refugees but are simultaneously half-American -- compounds theorists and policy makers' difficulties in dealing conceptually with this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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10. Behavior Change Counseling of Patients with Substance Use Disorders by Health Professions Students.
- Author
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Muzyk A, Mullan P, Andolsek K, Derouin A, Smothers Z, Sanders C, and Holmer S
- Subjects
- Adult, Curriculum, Empathy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Clinical Clerkship, Counseling, Psychiatry education, Students, Health Occupations psychology, Substance-Related Disorders therapy
- Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this project was to create an interprofessional substance use disorders (SUDs) course that provided health professions students an opportunity to acquire and apply behavior change counseling skills for patients with SUDs with direct observation, assessment, and feedback., Methods: The interprofessional SUDs course was offered five times within one academic year as part of a one-month psychiatry clerkship. The course focused on developing empathy and examining personal bias, behavioral change counseling, and recognition, screening, and treatment of SUDs. Students practiced behavior change counseling during the course and with a SUD patient. A faculty member experienced in behavior change counseling assessed students' patient counseling using the validated Behavior Change Counseling Index (BECCI)., Results: Seventy-eight students from medicine, nursing, pharmacy, social work, and physician assistant programs completed the one-month course. Fifty-three students counseled a SUD patient. Students' BECCI-rated counseling skills indicated they performed recommended counseling practices and spoke "less than half the time" or "about half the time" when counseling. Ninety-three percent of SUD patients reported a willingness for follow-up care about their substance use after the student-led session with a student., Conclusion: Following participation in an innovative interprofessional SUD course that included behavior change counseling, students demonstrated their ability to apply their skills during training and with a SUD patient. The study demonstrated promising patient outcomes following student counseling.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. An Interprofessional Substance Use Disorder Course to Improve Students' Educational Outcomes and Patients' Treatment Decisions.
- Author
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Muzyk A, Mullan P, Andolsek KM, Derouin A, Smothers ZPW, Sanders C, and Holmer S
- Subjects
- Adult, Cooperative Behavior, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Male, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States epidemiology, Attitude of Health Personnel, Curriculum standards, Decision Making, Education, Medical methods, Interprofessional Relations, Students, Medical psychology, Substance-Related Disorders prevention & control
- Abstract
Purpose: Substance use is a public health concern. Health professions organizations recommend improvements in substance use disorder (SUD) education. Mezirow's transformative learning theory was used as the educational framework to develop a course that would provide students with opportunities to improve their understanding of SUDs; to assess, challenge, and reflect on their attitudes toward patients with SUDs; to receive direct observation, assessment, and feedback on behavior change counseling; and to engage in interprofessional education. The study's purpose was to evaluate the impact of an interprofessional SUD course on students' educational outcomes and their attitudes toward interprofessionalism., Method: Students from several health professions-medicine, pharmacy, physician assistant, nursing, and social work-attended a monthly interprofessional education SUD course starting in spring 2018. The course, taught by an interprofessional faculty, consisted of 4 interactive classes focused on empathy and recognizing personal bias; behavioral change counseling; and recognition, screening, and treatment of SUDs. Students attended a 12-step recovery meeting and had an optional opportunity to counsel a patient using behavioral change counseling., Results: Seventy-eight students completed the course. Students demonstrated significant improvements in their attitudes toward patients with SUDs and toward interprofessionalism, as measured by the Substance Abuse Attitude Survey and the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education survey. Nearly 70% of students counseled a patient with an SUD, and 93% of counseled patients agreed to follow-up care., Conclusions: The course (1) enriched students' understanding, attitudes, and behaviors toward patients with SUDs and toward interprofessional collaboration and (2) positively influenced patients' treatment decisions.
- Published
- 2019
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12. Disseminating end-of-life education to cancer centers: overview of program and of evaluation.
- Author
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Grant M, Hanson J, Mullan P, Spolum M, and Ferrell B
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- Congresses as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, United States, Cancer Care Facilities, Curriculum, Information Dissemination methods, Program Evaluation, Terminally Ill
- Abstract
Background: Systematic provision of compassionate end-of-life (EOL) care requires strategic training of health professionals. Disseminating EOL Education to Cancer Centers (DELEtCC) targeted education of interdisciplinary institutional teams., Methods: Competitively-selected two-person teams participated in a national three-day EOL conference. Nationally recognized faculty created and presented the curriculum. Project faculty supported teams over 18 months as they implemented EOL goals. Conference evaluations were very positive., Results: Independent participant and administrative evaluations reported successful implementation of goals aimed an improving EOL care., Conclusions: DELEtCC disseminated education representing best EOL practices, and participants used this knowledge to create and implement goals aimed at improving EOL care.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. End-of-Life Graduate Education Curriculum Project. Project abstracts/progress reports--year 2.
- Author
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Weissman DE, Mullan P, Ambuel B, von Gunten CF, Hallenbeck J, and Warm E
- Subjects
- Communication, Hospitals, University, Humans, Pain Measurement, Pilot Projects, Program Evaluation, Schools, Medical, Societies, Medical, United States, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Graduate standards, Hospice Care standards, Internal Medicine education, Internship and Residency standards, Palliative Care standards, Terminal Care standards
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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