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The article analyzes the deteriorating relations between the U.S. and Soviet Union, as the latter has invaded Afghanistan in December 1979. It is reported that, the U.S. has responded to the move of Soviet Union through several measures including, tightening restrictions on high-technology exports to Soviet Union. It is reported that, the U.S. has apprehensions about the motives of Soviet Union as the latter has developed its military capability beyond the levels required to defend itself.

This article discusses the best strategy for the U.S. to counter the Soviet Union. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has put to end the era of détente forged in the early 1970s by former President Richard Nixon and it could revive the cold war. The Afghan invasion signals the expected deterioration of U.S.-Soviet Union relations. Among the actions that U.S. is taking to counter Russia are curbs of exports of technology, strengthen political and economic ties with China and seek military based in the Middle East.

Focuses on the Soviet policy of military intervention in communist countries. Information on the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the threatened Soviet military intervention in Poland; Report that the Soviet policy of military intervention was codified in the so-called Brezhnev Doctrine; Implications of the tenet of communist irreversibility; Failure of the U.S. to dissuade the Soviet Union from setting up a Soviet-style regime in Poland.

The author discusses issues affecting the economy and businesses in the U.S. as of May 26, 1980. He mentions economic conditions, a decline in credit card usage, and consumer attitudes. Topics include U.S. President Jimmy Carter's handling of the Iranian hostage crisis, Russia's invasion of Afghanistan, and inflation. Other topics include a method of gas development created by oil company Ashland Oil and a congressional resolution to create a federal force to deal with outlaw motorcycle gangs.

The author reflects on the security and bilateral relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Topics include the history of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in 1979, the emergence of the Islamist fundamentalist organization Taliban during the Soviet invasion, and the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan by the end of 2014. Also provided are details of a comprehensive declaration passed after a summit in Istanbul, Turkey on regional security and cooperation for Afghanistan.

The article examines the relationship between Islamic fundamentalist militants and the Israeli and Western governments. Topics include an overview of the training received by Osama bin Laden's mujahadin networks in Afghanistan, by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), to repel the invasion of the former Soviet Union, the development of the Taliban and the influence of oil, and how the U.S. strategy to secure key energy sources impacted Chechnya. INSET: FOR MORE INFORMATION ON ISLAM.

An interview with former U.S. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski is presented. When asked about the decision of the U.S. to provide secret military assistance to the Afghans when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979, he stated that the decision contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union. He explains the backdrop against which to view the rise of the Taliban. He also discusses the weakness of contemporary U.S.

The article presents letters to the editor on topics concerning international relations as of January 1, 2002. The letters include discussions on the use of the Stinger antiaircraft missile in the war in Afghanistan during the 1980s, the development agenda of the World Bank, a review of 'India's Emerging Nuclear Posture,' by Ashley Tellis, and the issue of drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.

The article discusses the results of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) funding Islamic jihadists in Afghanistan during the struggle against the Soviet occupation of the 1980s. The militant Islamic terrorist networks which remained in Afghanistan after the CIA left have begun to pose a threat to U.S. interests. The activities of individuals such as Sheikh Omar Abdul-Rahman and Osama bin Laden are discussed.

The article compares the Soviet Union's war in Afghanistan following its 1979 invasion with the effort begun there in 2001 by U.S. forces. Whereas the Soviets emphasized air assaults and mechanized maneuvers, the U.S. has placed counterinsurgency at the heart of its strategy against Taliban militants, which includes a greater focus on avoiding civilian casualties.

The article discusses the demand for the U.S. to cease its wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan by the U.S. political organization Campaign for Peace and Democracy (CPD). According to the author, there is a deepening of U.S. commitment to the wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan that is similar to that of the Vietnam War in the 1960s. A brief overview of the number of U.S./NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) troops in Afghanistan and Pakistan is presented. Topics include Americans' increasing disillusionment with the wars; how the U.S. and its allies are strengthen fundamentalist forces by their presence, and a historical overview of the former Soviet Union's occupation and social conditions under the rule of the Taliban.

The article discusses differences between the Soviet Union's 1979 invasion and subsequent war in Afghanistan, and the U.S. effort against the Taliban there today. U.S. forces have learned from mistakes made by the Soviets, are supporting a government more popular than the one backed by the Soviets, and face a less formidable enemy than the Soviets did.

The article profiles former U.S. Democratic Congressman Charlie Wilson. The real Charlie Wilson discusses his role in the events depicted in the film "Charlie Wilson's War." He does not regret secretly arming the Afghan fighters that were battling the Soviets in Afghanistan in the 1980s. Also provided is information pertaining to Wilson's life since retiring from politics.

Focuses on various political affairs under the regime of U.S. President Jimmy Carter. Concern of Carter about the Russian invasion of Afghanistan; Claim of Carter that the Soviet Union's military action is a great threat to peace; Overview of the past diplomatic relationship between the Soviet Union and the U.S.; Condemnation of Iran by International Court of Justice for hostage crisis; Attitude of Carter towards Strategic Arms Limitation Talks; Assessment of Carter's position in the light of his foreign policies.

Focuses on various political and economic developments in the U.S. Movement of the Soviet Union soldiers in Afghanistan, as informed by British Broadcasting Corp.; Argument pertaining to the deregulation bill of trucks in the U.S.; Recommendation of U.S. President Jimmy Carter's Pay Advisory Council for abandoning the administration's seven percent wage increase guideline.

The article analyzes the future of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks II (SALT II) treaty between the U.S. and Soviet Union, after the invasion of Afghanistan by Soviet Union in 1979, and in the light of the 1980 U.S. President election. It is reported that, while U.S. President Jimmy Carter wants to save the treaty, the Republican candidate for the election Ronald Reagan wants to dismantle the treaty, and wants to contain Soviet Union's arms build up by threatening a similar build up by the U.S.

The article reports on the European tour of U.S. President Jimmy Carter with the objective of bringing cohesion in its alliance with the Western European countries. It discusses the recent changes in his policy with more assertiveness on issues such as Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan, the American hostage crisis in Iran and the Middle East peace process. It also reports on the appointment of Edmund Muskie as the new U.S. Secretary of State.

The article presents the author's opinion on making Soviet Union as the focus of the June 1980 issue of the magazine "TIME." He states that it has long been a nation of great interest but unexplored or understood by the Western countries. He states that while preparing the edition, the Soviets were initially helpful but after the tough stand of the U.S. following the invasion of Afghanistan by Soviet Union, they got no assistance. He informs that more than 100 Soviet experts were consulted.

The article focuses on the efforts of western countries to improve its relationship with India as the Afghanistan crisis enters a critical stage. It says that the U.S. has been trying to enhance its relationship with New Delhi by inviting Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to visit Washington during summer. Meanwhile, the Moscow delegations have came to the country in March 1982 led by Defense Minister Dmitri F. Ustinov due to the Western effort.

The article looks at the long-term problems being created by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan for U.S. policy. There have been reports that the Soviet Union will send roughly 20,000 troops to reinforce its army in the Afghan capital of Kabul, which reflects Soviet's difficulties in subjugating Afghan rebels. The plan of President Ronald Reagan to provide economic and military aid to the government of Pakistani President General Mohammad Zia ul-Haq also angered India.

The article focuses on U.S. economic developments as of August 4, 1980 with particular focus paid on the recession in the country. The author pays special attention to the possible impact of U.S. military policy of rearmament in the context of the Soviet occupation in Afghanistan on national economy. The increased rates of inflation are also investigated.

The article reports on Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) which is considered to have helped Great Britain to unearth the recent plot to bomb transatlantic flights using liquid explosives. The ISI was created by a British army officer in the wake of the British partitioning of India. During the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan , ISI received training from the US Central Intelligence Agency. The ISI is now described as a state within a state.

Presents reflections on the late President Ronald Reagan, focusing on his role as a political campaigner. Some highlights of the 1980 campaign for the presidency; Reasons for Reagan's appeal; His optimism, which was a cure for such developments of the 1970's as inflation, unemployment, the fall of Saigon, and the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union.

Presents six cartoons relating to recent political and social developments around the world. Senator Edward Kennedy and freedom of the press; Presence of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan; Impact of the Iran-Contra Affair on the upcoming presidential election; Others.

The article deals with the observations of the author, who is a U.S. delegate to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, on issues related to human rights. He observed that Antisemitism is prevalent within the Commission as evidenced by the portrayal of Israel as a country without human rights. He also emphasizes the importance of the views of James Madison on human rights to understanding the U.S. concern with organized international terrorism. On the issue of self-determination, the author contends that the Soviet Union blatantly violated the sovereignty of Afghanistan.

The article comments on the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. It states the doctrinal justification for the invasion of Afghanistan. It criticizes the response of the U.S. government under President Jimmy Carter to the invasion. It questions the Carter Doctrine in line with the vital interests of the U.S. An overview of the status of Afghanistan under the Soviet rule is provided.

The article focuses on the role of the U.S. electronic news media in providing information to the public of events and issues from the country and around the world. In the course of the article the media coverage of the Soviet aggression on Afghanistan is sketched. It is observed that in spite of their effort to be neutral in the reporting of issues, the U.S. media has ignored the buildup of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, while they have critically portrayed the activities of the U.S. Armed Forces.

The article focuses on the implications of the Soviet Union's aggression against Afghanistan on the U.S. military policy. It is cited that Afghanistan's potential is that of a stepping-stone to Soviet mastery over the Persian Gulf. In the course of the developments it can be imagined the United States being reduced and soon to fight under drastic adversity or to submit to Soviet terms. The article further looks at the problems that the U.S. has when it comes to revision of its policies towards Afghanistan in the wake of the developments over there.

The article states that despite the help that U.S. extended to Pakistan, both countries consider themselves not loyal to each other. This relationship is reportedly due to mistakes and misunderstandings committed by both countries during the 1979-1989 Russian occupation of Afghanistan. Pakistan is still partly dependent on the U.S. as part of its protection against the invasion of India into Afghanistan.

The article reports on a number of issues arising from the Afghan War. The central focus of the article is U.S. taxpayer money that has been funneled to factions or individuals who fought the Soviets in the 1980s but who are engaged, in 2009, in fighting U.S. forces. Brief profiles of Muslim extremists who received U.S. government money are presented.

This editorial warns that merely sending a heightened number of American troops into Afghanistan to combat the Taliban insurgency will not have the desired effect, primarily due to Pakistani aid. The author gives an overview of the failed Soviet attempt to subdue the Afghan mujahedin in the 1980's and likens the current situation to that. It is urged that the U.S. use diplomacy to appeal to Pakistan.