17 results on '"Song DH"'
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2. Discussion: Comparing Trends in Medicare Reimbursement and Inflation within Plastic Surgery Subspecialties.
- Author
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Wan EL, Spoer DL, Berger LE, Huffman SS, and Song DH
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- Aged, United States, Humans, Medicare, Surgery, Plastic, Plastic Surgery Procedures
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. Times Are a Changin': Marijuana Use among Plastic Surgery Patients.
- Author
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Teven CM and Song DH
- Subjects
- Geography, Humans, Marijuana Use adverse effects, Marijuana Use legislation & jurisprudence, Medical Marijuana administration & dosage, Medical Marijuana adverse effects, Postoperative Complications etiology, Plastic Surgery Procedures statistics & numerical data, United States, Marijuana Use trends, Postoperative Complications prevention & control, Plastic Surgery Procedures adverse effects
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
4. Discussion: The Affordable Care Act and Its Impact on Plastic and Gender-Affirmation Surgery.
- Author
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Fan KL, Del Corral G, and Song DH
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- Humans, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Plastics, United States, Sex Reassignment Surgery, Transgender Persons
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Disclosure:Dr. Song receives royalties from Elsevier for Plastic Surgery, 3rd and 4th editions, and from Biomet Microfixation for Sternalock. The remaining authors have no financial disclosures, commercial associations, or any other conditions posing a conflict of interest to report. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A Critical Examination of Length of Stay in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Analysis.
- Author
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Kotha VS, Abadeer AI, Amdur RL, Song DH, and Fan KL
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- Adult, Body Mass Index, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Clinical Decision-Making, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Female, Free Tissue Flaps transplantation, Humans, Mammaplasty methods, Mammaplasty statistics & numerical data, Mastectomy adverse effects, Middle Aged, Operative Time, Postoperative Complications etiology, Prospective Studies, Quality Improvement, Risk Assessment methods, Risk Assessment statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Surgery, Plastic organization & administration, Time-to-Treatment statistics & numerical data, Transplantation, Autologous statistics & numerical data, United States, Free Tissue Flaps adverse effects, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Mammaplasty adverse effects, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Surgery, Plastic statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: This study aims to use the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify factors associated with extended postoperative length of stay after breast reconstruction with free tissue transfer., Methods: Consecutive cases of breast reconstruction with free tissue transfer were retrieved from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005 to 2017) database using CPT code 19364. Extended length of stay (dependent variable) was defined as greater than 5 days., Results: Nine thousand six hundred eighty-six cases were analyzed; extended length of stay was noted in 34 percent. On regression, patient factors independently associated with extended length of stay were body mass index (OR, 1.5; 95 percent CI, 1.2 to 1.9; p < 0.001), diabetes (OR, 1.3; 95 percent CI, 1.1 to 1.6; p = 0.003), and malignancy history (OR, 1.9; 95 percent CI, 1.22 to 3.02; p = 0.005). Operation time greater than 500 minutes (OR, 3; 95 percent CI, 2.73 to 3.28; p < 0.001) and immediate postmastectomy reconstruction (OR, 1.7; 95 percent CI, 1.16 to 2.48; p < 0.001) conferred risk for extended length of stay. Bilateral free tissue transfer was not significant. Operations performed in 2017 were at lower risk (OR, 0.2; 95 percent CI, 0.06 to 0.81; p = 0.02) for extended length of stay. Reoperation is more likely following operative transfusion and bilateral free tissue transfers, but less likely following concurrent alloplasty. Given a known operation time (minutes), postoperative length of stay (days) can be calculated using the following equation: length of stay = 2.559 + 0.003 × operation time., Conclusions: This study characterizes the risks for extended length of stay after free tissue transfer breast reconstruction using a prospective multicenter national database. The result of this study can be used to risk-stratify patients during surgical planning to optimize perioperative decision-making., Clinical Question/level of Evidence: Risk, III., Competing Interests: Disclosure:Dr. Song receives royalties from Elsevier for Plastic Surgery, 3rd and 4th editions, and from Biomet Microfixation for Sternalock. The other authors have no financial disclosures, commercial associations, or any other conditions posing a conflict of interest to report., (Copyright © 2020 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.) more...
- Published
- 2021
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6. Breast Surgery in the Time of Global Pandemic: Benefits of Same-Day Surgery for Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Mastectomy with Immediate Reconstruction during COVID-19.
- Author
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Perez-Alvarez IM, Bartholomew AJ, King CA, Lovett BL, Greenwalt IT, Song DH, Fan KL, and Tousimis EA
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- Adult, Aged, Ambulatory Surgical Procedures statistics & numerical data, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms surgery, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections prevention & control, Databases, Factual, Elective Surgical Procedures methods, Female, Humans, Incidence, Mammaplasty statistics & numerical data, Mastectomy methods, Mastectomy statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Pandemics prevention & control, Pneumonia, Viral prevention & control, Risk Assessment, United States, Ambulatory Surgical Procedures methods, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Elective Surgical Procedures statistics & numerical data, Mammaplasty methods, Pandemics statistics & numerical data, Patient Safety, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology
- Published
- 2020
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7. Critical evaluation of factors contributing to time to mastectomy within a single health care system.
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Bekeny JC, Luvisa K, Wirth P, Singh T, Black CK, Greenwalt I, Song DH, Giladi AM, Tousimis EA, and Fan KL
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- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Delivery of Health Care, Female, Humans, Retrospective Studies, United States, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Mastectomy
- Abstract
Increased time to mastectomy (TTM) has significant implications for mortality, well-being, and satisfaction. However, certain populations are subject to disparities that increase TTM. This study examines vulnerable populations and the patient-, disease-, provider-, and system-level factors related to treatment delays. Patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer from 2014 to 2018 across 8 hospitals in a single health care system were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, disease characteristics, and provider- and system-level information were collected. Time from biopsy-proven diagnosis to mastectomy was calculated. Univariate analysis identified variables for inclusion in the multivariable model. One thousand, three hundred thirty patients met inclusion. Median TTM was 55.0 days. Factors from all levels-patient, disease, provider, and systemic-were significantly related to disparities. African-American patients had 11.6% longer TTM compared to white patients (69.0 vs 56.0 days, P < .0001). TTM was 15.5% longer for low-income patients when compared to high-income patients (65.0 vs 49.0 days, P = .0014). Preoperative plastic surgery visits led to 19.3% longer TTM (P = .0012); oncologic appointments for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy led to a 231.0% increase (P < .0001). Average time from last neo-adjuvant treatment to mastectomy was 44.4 days (SD 26.5); average TTM from diagnosis for patients not receiving neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was 58.5 days (SD 13.3). Patients with Medicaid waited 14.5% longer compared to patients with commercial insurance (94.0 vs 62.0 days, P = .0005). In our review of care across a large health care system, we identified multiple levels contributing to disparities in TTM. Identification of these disparities offers valuable insight into process improvement and intervention., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.) more...
- Published
- 2020
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8. Who, What, Where: Demographics, Severity of Presentation, and Location of Treatment Drive Delivery of Diabetic Limb Reconstructive Services within the National Inpatient Sample.
- Author
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Fan KL, DeLia D, Black CK, Zolper E, Singh T, Wirth P, Luvisa K, Song DH, Attinger CE, and Evans KK
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- Adolescent, Adult, Black or African American statistics & numerical data, Aged, Cohort Studies, Diabetic Foot diagnosis, Female, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Humans, Income statistics & numerical data, Limb Salvage statistics & numerical data, Male, Medicare statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Plastic Surgery Procedures statistics & numerical data, Severity of Illness Index, Surgical Flaps statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires statistics & numerical data, United States, Young Adult, Amputation, Surgical statistics & numerical data, Diabetic Foot surgery, Healthcare Disparities statistics & numerical data, Limb Salvage methods, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods, Surgical Flaps transplantation
- Abstract
Background: Technical advances have been made in reconstructive diabetic limb salvage modalities. It is unknown whether these techniques are widely used. This study seeks to determine the role of patient- and hospital-level characteristics that affect use., Methods: Admissions for diabetic lower extremity complications were identified in the 2012 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. The study cohort consisted of admitted patients receiving amputations, limb salvage without flap techniques, or advanced limb salvage with flap techniques. Multinomial regression analysis accounting for the complex survey design of the National Inpatient Sample was used to determine the independent contributions of factors expressed as marginal effects., Results: The authors' study cohort represented 155,025 admissions nationally. White non-Hispanic patients had the highest proportion of reconstruction without and with flaps, whereas black patients had the lowest. Multinomial regression models revealed that controlling for nongas gangrene and critical limb ischemia, both of which have a much greater incidence in minorities, the effect of race against receipt of reconstructive modalities was attenuated. Access to urban teaching hospitals was the strongest protective factor against amputation (9 percent reduction; p < 0.01) and predictor of receiving limb salvage without flaps (5 percent increase; p < 0.01) and with flaps (3 percent increase; p < 0.01)., Conclusions: This study identified multiple patient- and hospital-level factors associated with decreased access to the gamut of reconstructive limb salvage techniques. Disparity reduction will likely require a multifaceted strategy that addresses the severity of disease presentation seen in minorities and delivery system capabilities affecting access and use of reconstructive limb salvage procedures., Clinical Question/level of Evidence: Risk, III. more...
- Published
- 2020
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9. Bridging the Knowledge Gap: An Examination of the Ideal Postoperative Autologous Breast Reconstruction Educational Material with A/B Testing.
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Fan KL, Black CK, DeFazio MV, Luvisa K, Camden R, and Song DH
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- Adult, Comprehension, Crowdsourcing, Female, Free Tissue Flaps transplantation, Humans, Mammaplasty methods, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications diagnosis, Postoperative Complications etiology, Research Design, United States, Free Tissue Flaps adverse effects, Health Literacy, Mammaplasty adverse effects, Patient Education as Topic, Postoperative Complications prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Poor health literacy is an epidemic in the United States, associated with higher mortality rates and poor postoperative care. Autologous breast reconstruction is highly complex, and the identification of complications is difficult even for non-plastic surgeon practitioners. The authors sought to explore the problem of health literacy in this context and identify the ideal postoperative patient education materials., Methods: Available online postoperative patient education materials for autologous breast reconstruction and corresponding readability scores were assessed. To derive the ideal formula for materials, the authors crowd-sourced quizzes with A/B testing, a method to examine the outcome of two versions of a single variable. The authors implemented their findings and compared performance on postoperative quizzes with and without oral reinforcement., Results: Of the 12 postoperative flap complication patient education materials found through an Internet search, the average grade level readability level was 9.9. Only one of 12 (8.3 percent) mentioned symptoms and signs of flap compromise. The A/B tests result revealed that text approximately 400 to 800 words written on a sixth-grade level led to the highest quiz scores. Patients scored significantly higher on the postoperative day-2 quiz when patient education materials, modeled after these findings, were reinforced with oral presentation (p = 0.0059). Retention of high quiz scores remained at postoperative day 10., Conclusions: Currently available patient education materials are at a high reading level and lack specific information on the identification of flap compromise. The authors propose the most effective postoperative instructions to be approximately 400 to 800 words written on a grade-six level with images and oral reinforcement. more...
- Published
- 2020
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10. An Analysis of Differences in the Number of Children for Female and Male Plastic Surgeons.
- Author
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Furnas HJ, Li AY, Garza RM, Johnson DJ, Bajaj AK, Kalliainen LK, Weston JS, Song DH, Chung KC, and Rohrich RJ
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- Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal Age, Middle Aged, Mother-Child Relations, Sex Factors, United States, Career Choice, Family Relations, Physicians, Women statistics & numerical data, Pregnancy statistics & numerical data, Surgery, Plastic education, Surveys and Questionnaires
- Abstract
Background: Historically, the structure of surgical programs discourages women interested in both surgery and motherhood from pursuing a surgical career, and women plastic surgeons have been more likely than men to have no children or to have fewer, later in life. Female plastic surgery trainees now constitute over one-third of residents, and pregnancy rates can be expected to rise, but with women now a majority in medical schools, the specialty's maternity policies may be deterring interested women from entering the specialty. A survey study was conducted to measure reproductive outcomes and to identify current disparities between women and men plastic surgeons., Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to American Society of Plastic Surgeons members and candidates, allowing comparisons of men's and women's responses. Differences were tested by the Fisher's exact and chi-square tests., Results: Compared with male respondents, women were more likely than men to have no biological children (45.1 percent versus 23.1 percent). They were nearly twice as likely to delay having children because of the demands of training (72.6 percent versus 39.2 percent) and to experience infertility (26.3 percent versus 12.5 percent). Among the childless plastic surgeons, women were 11 times more likely to say they did not want children compared with men (20.1 percent versus 1.8 percent)., Conclusions: Poor institutional maternity support results in a persistent, wide gap in reproductive outcomes between female and male plastic surgeons. Establishing a universal, comprehensive parental support policy is essential to closing that gap. more...
- Published
- 2019
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11. To Bot or Not? Challenging the Top Social Media Influencers in #PlasticSurgery.
- Author
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Fan KL, Economides JM, and Song DH
- Subjects
- Adult, Chi-Square Distribution, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Social Perception, United States, Practice Patterns, Physicians' ethics, Social Media statistics & numerical data, Surgery, Plastic ethics
- Abstract
Background: The influence of social media on plastic surgery continues to be explored. Prospective patients may seek out surgeons with greater number of followers. Recently, companies selling Twitter bots have been exposed. The authors sought to examine the number of fake users, practice types, and the content of tweets broadcasted by top influencers in plastic surgery., Methods: Top 100 influencers were identified. The influencers were categorized into academic versus private practice and sorted according to their board-certification status. Among each board-certification status, the top five influencers of each category (American Board of Plastic Surgery, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, international plastic surgeon, other physician, nonphysician) were determined, and their 300 most recent tweets were analyzed for educational, promotional, or personal content. Fake bots among respective followers were identified by TwitterAudit., Results: Private practice surgeons represented 68 percent of the top tweeters. Academicians were only 8 percent. American board-certified surgeons represented 55 percent of the top tweeters. Compared with American board-certified surgeons, nonphysicians had a higher number of fake bots. Among the 7500 tweets that were analyzed, nonphysicians were more likely to have promotional and less likely to have educational posts when comparing to board-certified American or international plastic surgeons., Conclusions: Plastic surgeons are quick to adapt to the dynamic and evolving nature of social media. However, academic surgeons are poorly represented among the top influencers. Although top influencers are board-certified plastic surgeons, they continue to occupy only a fraction of the total discourse on plastic surgery. more...
- Published
- 2019
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12. #PlasticSurgery.
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Branford OA, Kamali P, Rohrich RJ, Song DH, Mallucci P, Liu DZ, Lang D, Sun K, Stubican M, and Lin SJ
- Subjects
- Advertising statistics & numerical data, Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Education statistics & numerical data, Humans, Prospective Studies, United States, Advertising methods, Health Education methods, Practice Patterns, Physicians' statistics & numerical data, Social Media statistics & numerical data, Surgeons, Surgery, Plastic
- Abstract
Background: Social media use is growing inexorably, and there is public appetite for evidence-based information. Little is known about engagement by plastic surgeons with social media. The aim of this study was to examine posting about plastic surgery on Twitter, to best inform how board-certified plastic surgeons could use the hashtag #PlasticSurgery as a tool to educate patients and the public., Methods: A prospective analysis of 2880 "tweets" containing the words "plastic surgery" was performed. The following were assessed: identity of author, use of the hashtag #PlasticSurgery, subject matter, whether link to study was provided, and whether posts by surgeons were self-promotional or educational., Results: Social media posting about plastic surgery is dominated by the public, accounting for 70.6 percent of posts versus only 6.0 percent by plastic surgeons. Only 5.4 percent of all tweets contained the hashtag #PlasticSurgery, although almost half of those that did were by plastic surgeons. Of these, 61.3 percent of posts by plastic surgeons were about aesthetic surgery; additional posts were about basic science, patient safety, and reconstruction (13.9, 4.0, and 2.3 percent, respectively). Eighteen scientific articles were referenced, with a link to the Journal site posted in two tweets. Of posts by plastic surgeons, 37.0 percent were self-promotional., Conclusions: The American Society of Plastic Surgeons and its Journal have recognized that social media may be used to educate and engage. Board-certified plastic surgeons have a great opportunity to promote evidence-based plastic practice by means of #PlasticSurgery in the interests of supporting patients and the profession. more...
- Published
- 2016
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13. The Effect of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy on Perioperative Complications in Women Undergoing Immediate Breast Reconstruction: A NSQIP Analysis.
- Author
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Silva AK, Lapin B, Yao KA, Song DH, and Sisco M
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- Adult, Blood Transfusion statistics & numerical data, Breast Implantation, Breast Implants adverse effects, Databases, Factual, Female, Humans, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Prosthesis Failure adverse effects, Reoperation, United States epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms prevention & control, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Mastectomy adverse effects, Prophylactic Surgical Procedures adverse effects, Surgical Wound Infection epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Women with breast cancer are increasingly choosing to undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) despite questionable survival benefit and limited data on added risks. Little is known about differences in perioperative complications between women who undergo bilateral mastectomy (BM) versus unilateral mastectomy (UM) with reconstruction., Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Files (2005-2013) were used to identify women with unilateral breast cancer who underwent UM or BM with reconstruction. Adjusted 30-day complications were compared between UM and BM groups using logistic regression models., Results: A total of 20,501 patients were identified, of whom 35.3 % underwent BM. Of these, 84.3 % had implant reconstruction and 15.7 % had autologous reconstruction. For all women, BM was associated with longer hospital stays (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.98-2.09, p < 0.001) and a higher transfusion rate than UM (aOR 2.52-3.06, p < 0.001). BM with implant reconstruction was associated with a modestly increased reoperation rate (aOR 1.15, p = 0.029). BM with autologous reconstruction was associated with a higher wound disruption rate (aOR 2.51, p = 0.015). Surgical site infections, prosthesis failure, and medical complications occurred at similar rates in UM and BM groups., Conclusions: CPM is associated with significant increases in some, but not all, surgical site complications. CPM does not increase the likelihood of medical complications, which are generally infrequent. more...
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- 2015
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14. European and American Microsurgery Training Programs: The Fellowship Concept Difference.
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Maldonado AA and Song DH
- Subjects
- Europe, Female, Humans, Internship and Residency organization & administration, Male, Program Evaluation, United States, Clinical Competence, Fellowships and Scholarships organization & administration, Microsurgery education, Surgery, Plastic education
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
15. Employment Satisfaction in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Its Influence on Graduating Residents in an Evolving Health Care Climate.
- Author
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Koltz PF, Frey JD, Sbitany H, Bell DE, Iannuzzi JC, Song DH, and Langstein HN
- Subjects
- Attitude of Health Personnel, Data Collection, Health Care Reform, Humans, Salaries and Fringe Benefits, United States, Career Choice, Internship and Residency, Job Satisfaction, Surgery, Plastic economics, Surgery, Plastic education
- Abstract
Background: The current state of employment satisfaction in plastic surgery has not been defined. Similarly, the factors influencing residents as they search for employment and the role of attending surgeons as mentors in this process have not been elicited. The authors aim to elucidate these measures through a survey of attending surgeons and senior residents., Methods: A survey was created assessing employment satisfaction and was distributed to members of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons with available contact information. Responses were analyzed, with values of p < 0.05 deemed significant., Results: A total of 616 plastic surgeons and senior plastic surgery residents responded. Compared with attending surgeons in private practice, those in academic practice were more satisfied with their case mix (p = 0.0005; OR, not significant) and less satisfied with their incentive structure (p = 0.0001; OR, 0.3155) and payor mix (p = 0.0005; OR, 0.6156). Employment change occurred in 225 surgeons (39.2 percent) since beginning practice. Surgeons that changed employment ranked base salary (p = 0.0031), earning potential (p = 0.0001), and incentive structure (p = 0.0001) as most important. Those that did not change employment ranked lifestyle (p = 0.0048), location (p = 0.0001), and desire to teach (p = 0.0002) as more important. Residents ranked location (p = 0.0030), desired case mix (p = 0.0131), and desire or lack of desire to teach residents (p = 0.0329) as more important than attending surgeons felt they should be, and guaranteed salary (p = 0.0178) and incentive structure (p = 0.0069) as less important., Conclusions: In an evolving health care environment, plastic surgeons' employment satisfaction is significantly dependent on a myriad of factors. Residents and their attending mentors differ significantly in perceived importance of these factors. more...
- Published
- 2015
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16. Economic analysis and review of the literature on implant-based breast reconstruction with and without the use of the acellular dermal matrix.
- Author
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Bank J, Phillips NA, Park JE, and Song DH
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Breast Implantation methods, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Combined Modality Therapy, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Databases, Factual, Female, Humans, Mammaplasty economics, Mammaplasty methods, Mastectomy methods, Middle Aged, Prosthesis Failure, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Treatment Outcome, United States, Acellular Dermis economics, Breast Implantation economics, Breast Implants economics, Collagen economics, Health Care Costs
- Abstract
Background: Use of the acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction has been widely adopted. Despite an increasing focus on health care costs, few reports have addressed the financial implications of ADM use. This study sought to examine the costs of the two-stage technique with and without ADM, concentrating on the direct variable costs of patient care during the expansion process., Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted. Data were collected on 132 cases resulting in a second-stage exchange for a permanent implant. The findings showed that AlloDerm was used in 61 reconstructions and Strattice in 23 reconstructions. The primary outcome was the number of fills required to achieve the final expander fill volume. The cost of subsequent patient encounters for expansion was estimated using institutional cost data., Results: The number of fills required to achieve the final volume was higher in the non-ADM group (6.5 ± 1.7) than in the ADM group (3.6 ± 1.4) (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was found in the small fill volumes (<350 ml; 5.3 vs. 3.7; p > 0.05). The difference was significant in the larger fill volumes (>500 ml; 8.3 vs. 3.7; p < 0.05). Relative to non-ADM reconstruction, with AlloDerm at current prices, the cost increase ranged from $2,727.75 for large reconstructions to $3,290.25 for small reconstructions ($2,167.75-$2,739.25 with Strattice)., Conclusion: The use of ADM in two-stage reconstruction reduces the number of visits required for reconstructions with 350 ml or more. However, at current pricings, the direct cost of ADM use does not offset the cost savings from the reduced number of visits., Level of Evidence Iv: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 . more...
- Published
- 2013
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17. Discussion: professional perceptions of plastic and reconstructive surgery: what primary care physicians think.
- Author
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Song DH
- Subjects
- Attitude of Health Personnel, Clinical Competence, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family Practice trends, Female, Humans, Male, Medicine standards, Medicine trends, Professional Role, Plastic Surgery Procedures trends, Surgery, Plastic trends, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Family Practice standards, Interprofessional Relations, Plastic Surgery Procedures standards, Referral and Consultation trends, Surgery, Plastic standards
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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