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This study synthesized the effect of performance-based funding (hereafter, PBF) through multi-stages of a systematic literature review based on 36 articles. In addition, this study analyzes how policy design relates to the effectiveness of PBF in individual states. Similar to other meta-analyses, this study found that PBF policy is not effective in improving completion and equity of higher education institutions in the US. Further, this study assumed that there might be some positive effects of PBF on institutional performance in the states that maintained it for more than seven consecutive years. Specifically, this study assumed that some policy details such as institutional types, funding method (baseline or bonus), share of funding linked to institutional performance, and funding metrics were related to policy effects. However, this systematic review found that a majority of evaluative studies arrived at inconclusive results across different types of policy designs. One notable finding is that 2-year institutions show more positive results than 4-year institutions. In addition, this study found that statistically significant effects are both positive and negative. Based on the findings of the selected evaluative studies, this review concluded that PBF policy is not very successful in improving institutional performance across different types of policy designs in each state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate research trends related to socio-scientific issues (SSI). The SSI articles analysed were from highest-rating five science education journals with the highest impact ratings, published between 2011 and 2022, including Science Education [SE], Journal of Research in Science Teaching [JRST], Science and Education [S&E], International Journal of Science Education [IJSE], and Research in Science Education [RSE]. A total of 87 selected relevant SSI articles were analysed to determine research types, research topics, research sample groups, research sites, and authors with the most citations. According to the research findings, IJSE articles are the most widely published articles compared to other articles of similar journals. It is revealed that the most discussed issues in those articles of IJSE are argumentation and decision-making, followed by the nature of science. Pupils in middle and high schools constitute the largest sample groups. The continent that has been widely selected as research sites is European continent. Meanwhile, the country with the most research sites is the United States. The data collection tool most frequently used in the research is interview. S&E's Nature of Science, Scientific Inquiry, and Socio-Scientific Issues Arising from Genetics: A Pathway to Developing a Scientifically Literate Citizenry articles are the most cited articles. Challenges such as addressing efficacy, emotion, and attitude remain noticeably unexplored in SSI studies. Furthermore, exploratory studies on SSI for early childhood education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biology as an integral part of science learning continues to be maximized by integrating technology into its learning design. The definite manifestation of this integration process is to achieve meaningfulness, activeness, and effectiveness of the learning carried out. The flipped classroom (FC) is gaining popularity as a pedagogical model that uses the important benefits of technology in its learning environment. FC is proven to be an effective teaching mode that empowers students' 21st-century skills, stimulates students' self-learning, and improves academic performance. The potential of the FC is interesting to explore to what extent biology welcomes the FC. The aimed of this systematic literature review is to review and analyze articles published by Scopus indexed journals. We used the keywords "Flipped classroom and biology" in the search menu in the Scopus database and succeeded in finding 72 articles. There were 21 articles that met the criteria for further analysis. The inclusion and exclusion model used is PRISMA. The findings obtained are the trend of FC publications in biology learning over the last ten years. The approaches used in this research include quantitative, mixed method, case study and qualitative. Key words that are often used by writers are student, human, biology. The biology keyword has a branch, namely active learning. There are 9 countries of origin of authors who publish articles. The United States is a country that is active in publishing. Articles published on each continent are not evenly distributed. The dominant articles are published in collaboration with one country and rarely are articles published by one author. We have succeeded in formulating a picture of the existence of the FC in biology learning over the last ten years. These findings can be a consideration or reference for researchers to explore and study more deeply research related to the FC in biology learning based on their respective urgency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major public health threat. Up to 40% of patients with CDI experience recurrent CDI (rCDI), which is associated with increased morbidity. This study aimed to define an at-risk population by obtaining a detailed understanding of the different factors leading to CDI, rCDI, and CDI-related morbidity and of time to CDI. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of MEDLINE (using PubMed) and EMBASE for relevant articles published between January 1, 2016, and November 11, 2022, covering the US population. Results: Of the 1324 articles identified, 151 met prespecified inclusion criteria. Advanced patient age was a likely risk factor for primary CDI within a general population, with significant risk estimates identified in nine of 10 studies. Older age was less important in specific populations with comorbidities usually diagnosed at earlier age, such as bowel disease and cancer. In terms of comorbidities, the established factors of infection, kidney disease, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and bowel disease along with several new factors (including anemia, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and coagulation disorders) were likely risk factors for primary CDI. Data on diabetes, cancer, and obesity were mixed. Other primary CDI risk factors were antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, female sex, prior hospitalization, and the length of stay in hospital. Similar factors were identified for rCDI, but evidence was limited. Older age was a likely risk factor for mortality. Timing of primary CDI varied depending on the population: 2–3 weeks in patients receiving stem cell transplants, within 3 weeks for patients undergoing surgery, and generally more than 3 weeks following solid organ transplant. Conclusion: This SLR uses recent evidence to define the most important factors associated with CDI, confirming those that are well established and highlighting new ones that could help to identify patient populations at high risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Organisations choose to sponsor charity sport events (CSE) to achieve a variety of marketing objectives. Sponsoring CSEs is different than traditional sport event sponsorship programmes because CSEs combine sport with charity. The complexity of CSE sponsorship has attracted researchers from different disciplines, which has resulted in a wide-ranging body of literature. The purpose of the current systematic literature review is to synthesise the existing body of knowledge to identify future research opportunities. A systematic literature review of the existing CSE sponsorship literature was conducted. In total, 42 English peer-reviewed journal articles were analysed to summarise the geographic location, methodologies, theories, constructs, and managerial implications of the existing body of literature. The results reveal that a high proportion of the existing research has examined CSE sponsorship programmes in the United States. The majority of the articles reviewed collected cross-sectional data through questionnaires to investigate the outcomes of CSE sponsorship. Based upon the managerial implications advanced within the existing body of CSE sponsorship literature, event participation segmentation can assist in creating meaningful leverage initiatives. Furthermore, event sponsors are encouraged to share their underlying motivation to support the CSE and invite employees to volunteer at the event. Future research should collect longitudinal data from event participants and use the scroll back method to examine CSE sponsorship programmes. Scholars should also adopt physiological measures as a complementary data source to self-reported data to create a more holistic understanding of CSE sponsorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parents seek support on behalf of their transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) children. Previous qualitative studies explore the types of support parents seek inside and outside of healthcare settings. Healthcare providers often remain unprepared to effectively provide gender-affirming services to TGNC children and their accompanying parents and may benefit from learning about the support seeking experiences of parents with TGNC children. Aims: This paper summarized qualitative research studies that address the topic of parents seeking support on behalf of their TGNC children. We produced this report for healthcare providers to review to enhance gender-affirming services for parents and TGNC children. Methods: This paper outlines a qualitative metasummary of studies from the United States or Canada with data collected from parents of TGNC children. Data collection included the steps of journal runs, database searches, reference checks, and area scans. Data analysis involved the steps of extracting, editing, grouping, abstracting, and calculating the intensity and frequency effect sizes for finding statements from qualitative research study articles. Results: The results of this metasummary yielded two primary themes, six subthemes, and 24 total findings. The first primary theme of seeking guidance had three subthemes: educational resources, community networks, and advocacy efforts. The second primary theme of seeking healthcare had three subthemes: healthcare providers, mental healthcare, and general healthcare. Discussion: These findings provide information healthcare providers can use to inform their practice. These findings also highlight the importance of providers working collaboratively with parents when serving TGNC children. This article concludes with practical tips for providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a far-ranging impact. As societies struggled to minimize infection, questions arose regarding the consequences for children. Initial research reported the urgent need for child protective services worldwide to adapt existing policies and practices to protect children from maltreatment during this time, which is the rationale for the current systematic literature review. This review examined studies published in peer-reviewed journals from March 2020 to October 2020 on child maltreatment (CM) in the context of COVID-19. Twenty-five manuscripts met the inclusion criteria and were predominantly from the United States, with three international studies. The majority of the studies included CM reports during COVID-19 based on official data. The results clearly demonstrated an increased risk for children alongside a worrisome international decrease in CM reports. Only two studies addressed interventions during the pandemic. The current review highlights that, along with the obligation of scholars to advance the protection of children during COVID-19, there is much that is unknown. Future studies should examine the impact of the pandemic on children and their surrounding systems as well as child protective services' responses, which face enormous challenges during a pandemic. An additional conclusion is that, since children were not identified as a health risk group during the pandemic, their protection rights may have been jeopardized. Furthermore, the variance identified in the policies of different countries pinpoints the urgent need to establish an international protocol for protecting children from maltreatment during COVID-19, a protocol that will hopefully be a basis for policymakers worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the research trends on reputational risk in banks using a systematic literature review and network analysis (SLRNA) approach on 35 research articles published between 2010 and 2020. It was found that only developed countries (i.e., the United States and Europe) have been actively contributing to research on reputational risks in banks, suggesting that reputational risks management of banks has not gained the global attention it deserves. Moreover, we identified five broad research themes from the thematic network analysis, namely, reputational risk of operational losses, reputational effects of media tone, performance implications of reputational risk management, management of reputational risk in banks, sustainability practices and reputational risk of banks in the project finance market. Nonetheless, there still a number of areas that require further attention. These include conceptualization of reputational risk management in banks that explore the dynamic and interdependencies in a system thinking framework, the role of corporate governance, environmental and social issues on reputational risk, how sustainability practices shape reputational risk management, the role of political connections in mitigating reputational effect of operational loss events, and how information and communication technology (ICT) mechanisms impact reputational risk management in banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective treatment to combat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) endemic, but the uptake of PrEP has been low in the United States (U.S.). While individuals may access PrEP via obtaining a prescription from their prescriber and having it dispensed by their pharmacist, less cumbersome access points may exist. This systematic literature review evaluates qualitative literature to explore the role of pharmacists, pharmacy services, and interprofessional collaborations for persons seeking PrEP in the United States. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Embase) were searched in February 2022 and yielded 3841 results. After excluding duplicates, two researchers reviewed 2461 studies. These results were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria and yielded 71 studies for full review. Out of these 71 studies, five studies met the pre-selected inclusion criteria. Of the five studies, four were qualitative studies, and one was a mixed-methods study. The studies examined different aspects of initiating PrEP and diverse outcomes, such as screening for PrEP, barriers to access PrEP, feasibility to access PrEP, accessibility via community pharmacy to PrEP, and interdisciplinary collaboration between members of the healthcare team to expand patient access to PrEP. A gap in the qualitative literature focusing on U.S. pharmacists' roles in initiation and provision of PrEP for diverse populations may exist. While PrEP promotion and uptake are largely affected by convenience and accessibility, future interventions and strategies should include training pertaining to PrEP screening, stigma reduction, privacy considerations, and PrEP dispensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The burden and health care utilization (HCU) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in US infants aged <1 year across health care settings are not well characterized.Methods: We systematically reviewed studies of RSV and bronchiolitis published 2000-2021 (data years, 1979-2020). Outcomes included RSV hospitalization (RSVH)/bronchiolitis hospitalization rates, emergency department (ED)/outpatient (OP) visit rates, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions or mechanical ventilation (MV) use among RSV-/bronchiolitis-hospitalized infants. Study quality was determined using standard tools.Results: We identified 141 good-/fair-quality studies. Five national studies reported annual average RSVH rates (range, 11.6 per 1000 per year among infants aged 6-11 months in 2006 to 50.1 per 1000 per year among infants aged 0-2 months in 1997). Two national studies provided RSVH rates by primary diagnosis for the entire study period (range, 22.0-22.7 per 1000 in 1997-1999 and 1997-2000, respectively). No national ED/OP data were available. Among 11 nonnational studies, RSVH rates varied due to differences in time, populations (eg, prematurity), and locations. One national study reported that RSVH infants with high-risk comorbidities had 5-times more MV use compared to non-high-risk infants in 1997-2012.Conclusions: Substantial data variability was observed. Nationally representative studies are needed to elucidate RSV burden and HCU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limited data are available on the economic costs of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among infants and young children in the United States.Methods: We performed a systematic literature review of 10 key databases to identify studies published between 1 January 2014 and 2 August 2021 that reported RSV-related costs in US children aged 0-59 months. Costs were extracted and a systematic analysis was performed.Results: Seventeen studies were included. Although an RSV hospitalization (RSVH) of an extremely premature infant costs 5.6 times that of a full-term infant ($10 214), full-term infants accounted for 82% of RSVHs and 70% of RSVH costs. Medicaid-insured infants were 91% more likely than commercially insured infants to be hospitalized for RSV treatment in their first year of life. Medicaid financed 61% of infant RSVHs. Paying 32% less per hospitalization than commercial insurance, Medicaid paid 51% of infant RSVH costs. Infants' RSV treatment costs $709.6 million annually, representing $187 per overall birth and $227 per publicly funded birth.Conclusions: Public sources pay for more than half of infants' RSV medical costs, constituting the highest rate of RSVHs and the highest expenditure per birth. Full-term infants are the predominant source of infant RSVHs and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study synthesized evidence regarding the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the United States (US). A systematic literature review (SLR) identified recently published (2015–2019) observational studies of PTSD prevalence in the US via the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. Eligible studies' most recent data were collected no earlier than 2013. Data elements extracted included study design, sample size, location, data source/year(s), study population(s), traumatic event type, prevalance estimates with corresponding look-back periods, and clinical metrics. Data from 38 identified articles were categorized by population, diagnostic criteria, and lookback period. Among civilians, point prevalence ranged from 8.0% to 56.7%, 1-year prevalence from 2.3% to 9.1%, and lifetime prevalence from 3.4% to 26.9%. In military populations, point prevalence ranged from 1.2% to 87.5%, 1-year prevalence from 6.7% to 50.2%, and lifetime prevalence from 7.7% to 17.0%. Within these ranges, several estimates were derived from relatively high quality data; these articles are highlighted in the review. Prevalence was elevated in subpopulations including emergency responders, refugees, American Indian/Alaska Natives, individuals with heavy substance use, individuals with a past suicide attempt, trans-masculine individuals, and women with prior military sexual trauma. Female sex, lower income, younger age, and behavioral health conditions were identified as risk factors for PTSD. PTSD prevalence estimates varied widely, partly due to different study designs, populations, and methodologies, and recent nationally representative estimates were lacking. Efforts to increase PTSD screening and improve disease awareness may allow for a better detection and management of PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific Practices play a central role in the Next Generation Science Standards, influencing the standards of more than 70% of students in the United States. Therefore, a view of what has been studied about Scientific Practices in Science Education, globally in the past decade is relevant. Thus, 44 articles from international journals in Science Education in the past decade (2010-2019) were analyzed. This review focuses on the specific research contexts of these articles. The research objectives were: (1) To identify in which contexts the authors carried out research involving Scientific Practices and (2) to critically discuss the research contexts of Scientific Practices and find research gaps. For this, a systematic literature review was conducted, guided by Bardin's Content Analysis (2011) and the guide to a systematic review by Okoli (2015). Regarding the contexts, six categories were identified: Scientific Practices and teaching proposals (C1); Scientific Practices and distinct theoretical frameworks (C2); Scientific Practices and students (C3); Scientific Practices and assessments (C4); Scientific Practices and teachers (C5); and Scientific Practices and the curriculum (C6). There was a predominant trend to relate Scientific Practices and teaching proposals (38.6%) and Scientific Practices and different theoretical frameworks (22.7%), totaling more than 61% of the analyzed articles. Research gaps have been identified, such as the need for further research on the relationship between Scientific Practices and students (learning) and Scientific Practices and teachers (teaching). Research in this regard can help to clarify: How have students engaged in Scientific Practices? How can teaching be organized to promote Scientific Practices? And what are the relationships between Scientific Practices, school subjects, and specific content? The findings of the study revealed that a greater diversity of research contexts is necessary to fully understand the connections between Scientific Practices and the many dimensions involved in Science Education. It was found that there is a need for more research that addresses Scientific Practices as its main focus, considering the importance the concept is given in guiding documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Street‐level bureaucrats play a key role in the delivery of public services to the citizens with whom they interact. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses approach, we rely on a street‐level perspective to report a systematic review of 46 studies about officer–offender interactions in prisons and probation services. In doing so, we examine how correctional officers articulate state‐agency – whereby they focus on the implementation of rules and policies – and citizen‐agency – whereby their decisions regarding offenders are based on judgements of offenders' worth. Our results provide evidence that frontline work in prisons and probation services stems from a mix of citizen‐ and state‐agencies in which the former is prioritized over the latter: when rule enforcement allows it, correctional officers often make discretionary decisions based on professional judgements rooted in professional norms. In this respect, the managerial and actuarial approach to risk management and public protection involved by contemporary correctional reforms comes with new role expectations that conflict with correctional officers' rehabilitative ideals. At the same time, the literature provides many instances of officers coping with workload in order to meet policy objectives and organizational demands while maintaining satisfactory working conditions. In other words, there is an increasingly elaborate and fragile articulation of state‐ and citizen‐agencies at the frontline, in prisons and probations services. We conclude with some implications and an agenda for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the literature related to the influence of revenue diversification on banking sector performance. Further, the determination of the scope and the empirical estimation of the revenue diversification is also the area of investigation to synthesis with future research area. Design/methodology/approach: The systemic literature review process used by Opoku et al. (2015) is applied. In total, 68 Journal articles are studied after applying specified review protocols. The information gathered from the selected articles is presented and summarized in specified tables and charts formats for easy understanding. Findings: The comprehensive literature review showed that much of the work in this area is done in the USA and the Asian region. To explore the impact of revenue diversification on banking performance in developing countries is a literature gap. While going through the existing literature, it is clear that researchers have not reached at any conclusion about the exact impact of revenue diversification on banking performance. It is also found that non-interest income ratio and Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) (revenue) index are the most common proxies of revenue diversification. However, other studies also input the HHI (loans) index, number of ATM's and number of branches as a proxy for diversification. Research limitations: This systematic literature review is based on specific review protocols, and therefore, it might be possible that some of the important work is not included in it due to time restrictions. Originality/value: The banking sector has shown tremendous growth in revenue sources in past two decades. Keeping in view the importance of the banking sector within an economy, the dramatic shift of revenue sources and their impact is important to determine that eventually will help to define the future research area. In past research studies, there exists clear disagreement about the possible impact of revenue diversification on banking performance. This systemic literature review is an attempt to draw conclusions about the exact impact of revenue diversification. Therefore, the outcome of the study will be very valuable for both banking practitioners and academicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ertugliflozin is a new sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. As there are no head-to-head trials comparing the efficacy of SGLT2is, the primary objective of this analysis was to indirectly compare ertugliflozin to other SGLT2i in patient populations with inadequately controlled glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c > 7.0%) and previously treated with either diet/exercise, metformin alone or metformin plus a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i). Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting outcomes at 24–26 weeks of treatment. Comparators to ertugliflozin were the SGLT2is canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, with non-SGLT2i comparators also evaluated third-line [insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs)]. Outcomes were change from baseline in HbA1c, weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP) as well as HbA1c < 7% and key safety events. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to synthesize evidence. Results are presented as the median of the mean difference (MD) or as odds ratios with 95% credible intervals (CrI). Results: In patients uncontrolled on diet/exercise, the efficacy of ertugliflozin 5 mg monotherapy was not significantly different from that of other low-dose SGLT2is in terms of HbA1c reduction, while ertugliflozin 15 mg was more effective than dapagliflozin 10 mg (MD − 0.36%, CrI − 0.65, − 0.08) and empagliflozin 25 mg (MD − 0.31%, CrI − 0.58, − 0.04). As add-on therapy to metformin, ertugliflozin 5 mg was more effective in lowering HbA1c than dapagliflozin 5 mg (MD − 0.22%, CrI − 0.42, − 0.02), and ertugliflozin 15 mg was more effective than dapagliflozin 10 mg (MD − 0.26%, CrI − 0.46, − 0.06) and empagliflozin 25 mg (MD − 0.23%, CrI − 0.44, − 0.03). Among patients uncontrolled on combination therapy metformin plus a DPP4i, no relevant RCTs with insulin were identified from the SLR. One study with a GLP-1 RA was included in a sensitivity analysis due to limited data. There were no differences between ertugliflozin 5 or 15 mg and other SGLT2is, with the exception of dapagliflozin 10 mg, which was significantly less effective when added to sitagliptin and metformin. Overall, there were no other significant differences for remaining efficacy and safety outcomes except for a lower SBP for canagliflozin 300 mg compared to ertugliflozin 15 mg in the diet/exercise population. Conclusions: Indirect comparisons for HbA1c reduction found that ertugliflozin 5 mg was more effective than dapagliflozin 5 mg when added to metformin monotherapy, whereas ertugliflozin 15 mg was more effective than dapagliflozin 10 mg and empagliflozin 25 mg when added to diet/exercise and to metformin monotherapy. The HbA1c reduction associated with ertugliflozin was no different than that associated with canagliflozin across all populations. Funding: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA, and Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic burden of substance use disorder (SUD) is significant, comprising costs of health care and social services, criminal justice resources, loss of productivity, and premature mortality. This study assembles and synthesizes two decades of evidence describing the benefits of SUD treatment across five main outcome domains; 1) health care utilization; 2) self-reported criminal activity by offense type; 3) criminal justice involvement collected from administrative records or self-reported; 4) productivity assessed through working hours or wages earned; and 5) social services (e.g., a day spent in transitional housing). This review included studies if they reported the monetary value of the intervention outcomes, most commonly through a cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness framework. The search included studies from 2003 to the present day as of this writing (up to October 15, 2021). Summary cost estimates were adjusted using the US Consumer Price Index (CPI) to reflect the 12-month benefits per client in USD 2021. We followed the PRISMA methodology for study selection and assessed quality using the Checklist for Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS). The databases yielded 729 studies after removing duplicates, and we ultimately selected 12 for review. Studies varied widely regarding analytical approaches, time horizons, outcome domains, and other methodological factors. Among the ten studies that found positive economic benefits, reductions in criminal activity or criminal justice costs represented the largest or second largest component of these benefits (range $621 to $193,440 per client). Consistent with previous findings, a reduction in criminal activity costs is driven by the relatively high societal cost per criminal offense, notably for violent crimes, such as aggravated assault and rape/sexual assault. Accepting the economic rationale for increased investment in SUD interventions will require recognizing that more benefits accrue to individuals by avoiding being victims of a crime than to governments through budget offsets resulting from savings in non-SUD program expenses. Future studies should explore individually tailored interventions to optimize care management, which may yield unexpected economic benefits to services utilization, and criminal activity data to estimate economic benefits across a broad range of interventions. • The greatest economic benefits over one year resulted from a reduction in criminal activity. • Alcohol use disorder interventions were associated with a decrease in healthcare utilization costs. • Reduced productivity following intervention was generally due to reduced labor force participation and lost earnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review had three aims: (a) examine the relationship between selfefficacy (SE) and academic performance (AP) in Latina/o students, (b) identify the types of measures of SE and AP that have been used, and (c) identify the differences between global and specific measures of SE in predicting academic performance in Latina/o students. Twenty-seven articles were included in the analysis. Major findings included the following: (a) significant and positive relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance in Latina/o students, at all educational levels, and through different types of measurements of self-efficacy and academic performance; (b) particular performance domains or content, or task-specific variables, were more favorable in the examination of the relationship between selfefficacy and academic performance than global domains; (c) Latina/o is not a homogeneous group; therefore, acculturation process, immigration status, family' experience on higher education, affective variables, and parents' and teachers' support were also factors that significantly correlated with Latina/os' academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Up to 35% of patients with a first episode of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) develop recurrent CDI (rCDI), and of those, up to 65% experience multiple recurrences. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to review and summarize the economic impact of rCDI in the United States of America., Methods: English-language publications reporting real-world healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and/or direct medical costs associated with rCDI in the USA were searched in MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases over the past 10 years (2012-2022), as well as in selected scientific conferences that publish research on rCDI and its economic burden over the past 3 years (2019-2022). HRU and costs identified through the SLR were synthesized to estimate annual rCDI-attributable direct medical costs to inform the economic impact of rCDI from a US third-party payer's perspective., Results: A total of 661 publications were retrieved, and 31 of them met all selection criteria. Substantial variability was found across these publications in terms of data source, patient population, sample size, definition of rCDI, follow-up period, outcomes reported, analytic approach, and methods to adjudicate rCDI-attributable costs. Only one study reported rCDI-attributable costs over 12 months. Synthesizing across the relevant publications using a component-based cost approach, the per-patient per-year rCDI-attributable direct medical cost was estimated to range from $67,837 to $82,268., Conclusions: While real-world studies on economic impact of rCDI in the USA suggested a high-cost burden, inconsistency in methodologies and results reporting warranted a component-based cost synthesis approach to estimate the annual medical cost burden of rCDI. Utilizing available literature, we estimated the average annual rCDI-attributable medical costs to allow for consistent economic assessments of rCDI and identify the budget impact on US payers., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) and poor system interoperability are well-known issues in the use of health information technologies in most high-income countries worldwide. Despite the abundance of literature exploring their relationship, their practical implications on patient safety and quality of care remain unclear.Objective: This study aimed to examine how EHR interoperability affects patient safety, or other dimensions of care quality, in high-income health care settings.Methods: A systematic search was conducted using 4 web-based medical journal repositories and grey literature sources. The publications included were published in English between 2010 and 2022, pertaining to EHR use, interoperability, and patient safety or care quality in high-income settings. Screening was completed by 3 researchers in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Risk of bias assessments were performed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tools. The findings were presented as a narrative synthesis and mapped based on the Institute of Medicine's framework for health care quality.Results: A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria to be included in our review. The findings were categorized into 6 common outcome measure categories: patient safety events, medication safety, data accuracy and errors, care effectiveness, productivity, and cost savings. EHR interoperability positively influenced medication safety, reduced patient safety events, and reduced costs. Improvements in time saving and clinical workflow are mixed. However, true measures of effect are difficult to determine with certainty because of the heterogeneity in the outcome measures used and notable variation in study quality.Conclusions: The benefits of EHR interoperability on the quality and safety of care remain unclear and reflect extensive heterogeneity in the interventions, designs, and outcome measures used. The establishment of common health information technology research outcome measures would support higher-quality research on the topic. Future research efforts should focus on both the positive and negative impacts of interoperable EHR interventions and explore patient perspectives, given the growing trend for patient involvement and stewardship over their own electronic clinical data.Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020209285; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=209285.International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044941. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To summarize published studies evaluating productivity loss and productivity loss costs associated with cancer, chronic lung disease, depression, pain, and cardiometabolic disease among US employees., Materials and Methods: A PubMed search from the past 10 years was conducted using the terms productivity, absenteeism, presenteeism, cancer, bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, pain, heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes (limited to English-language publications and studies of adults aged 19-64). Study endpoints included annual incremental time (work hours lost and Work Productivity and Impairment [WPAI] questionnaire overall work impairment) and monetary estimates of productivity loss. Studies were critically appraised using a modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) Quality Rating Scheme., Results: Of 2,037 records identified from the search, 183 studies were included. The most common observed condition leading to productivity loss was pain (24%), followed by cancer (22%), chronic lung disease (17%), cardiometabolic disease (16%), and depression (16%). Nearly three-quarters of the studies ( n  = 133, 72.7%) were case-control/retrospective cohort studies (OCEBM quality rating 3); the remainder were case series/cross-sectional studies ( n  = 28, 15.3%; quality rating 4), randomized clinical trials ( n  = 18, 9.8%; quality rating 1); and controlled trials without randomization/prospective comparative cohort trials ( n  = 4, 2.2%; quality rating 2). Samples sizes ranged from 18 patients to millions of patients for studies using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Most studies found employees lost up to 80 annual incremental work hours; employees with cancer and cardiometabolic disease had the greatest number of work hours lost. Overall percentage work impairment ranged from 10% to 70% and was higher for pain and depression. Annual incremental costs of lost work productivity ranged from $100 to $10,000 and were higher for cancer, pain, and depression., Limitations: Study heterogeneity., Conclusions: Despite some gaps in evidence for the cost of productivity loss, sufficient data highlight the substantial employer burden of lost productivity among priority conditions.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause serious illness in those aged <5 years in the United States, but uncertainty remains around which populations receive RSV testing. We conducted a systematic literature review of RSV testing patterns in studies published from 2000 to 2021., Methods: Studies of RSV, medically attended RSV lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), and bronchiolitis were identified using standard methodology. Outcomes were clinical decisions to test for RSV, testing frequency, and testing incidence proportions in inpatient (IP), emergency department (ED), outpatient (OP), and urgent care settings., Results: Eighty good-/fair-quality studies, which reported data from the period 1988-2020, were identified. Twenty-seven described the clinical decision to test, which varied across and within settings. Two studies reported RSV testing frequency for multiple settings, with higher testing proportions in IP (n = 2, range: 83%-85%, 1996-2009) compared with ED (n = 1, 25%, 2006-2009) and OP (n = 2, 15%-25%, 1996-2009). Higher RSV testing incidence proportions were observed among LRTI infant populations in the ED (n = 1, 74%, 2007-2008) and OP (n = 2, 54%-69%, 1995-2008). Incidence proportions in LRTI populations were not consistently higher in the IP setting (n = 13). Across studies and time, there was heterogeneity in RSV testing patterns, which may reflect varying detection methods, populations, locations, time periods, and healthcare settings., Conclusions: Not all infants and children with LRTI are tested for RSV, highlighting underestimation of RSV burden across all settings., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest . N. M., M. S., L. C. B., and J. P. F. are employees of EpidStrategies. C. B. N. is an employee of Sanofi and may hold shares and/or stock options in the company. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Public stigma is a pervasive barrier that prevents many individuals in the U.S. from engaging in mental health care. This systematic literature review aims to: (1) evaluate methods used to study the public's stigma toward mental disorders, (2) summarize stigma findings focused on the public's stigmatizing beliefs and actions and attitudes toward mental health treatment for children and adults with mental illness, and (3) draw recommendations for reducing stigma towards individuals with mental disorders and advance research in this area. Public stigma of mental illness in the U.S. was widespread. Findings can inform interventions to reduce the public's stigma of mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winterton R, Warburton J, Oppenheimer M. The future for Meals on Wheels? Reviewing innovative approaches to meal provision for ageing populations The global phenomenon of population ageing is impacting on how community care is delivered, and a key component of health and social care services for the frail elderly is Meals on Wheels (MOW), a service that has traditionally encompassed delivering meals to older people in their homes. However, aspects of this conceptualisation of MOW are being redefined in order to address challenges posed by tightening global financial contexts, a reliance on volunteers and increasing social isolation among ageing populations. Through a review of the literature and websites from selected countries (UK, USA, Canada, Australia), this article explores and critically evaluates models of MOW delivery addressing these challenges. Findings suggest that MOW services are utilising a marketised approach, moving outside of the home and incorporating diverse volunteer roles. These findings demonstrate how services such as MOW can develop sustainable approaches to service delivery in a contemporary context. Key Practitioner Message:• A review of innovative MOW highlights service models of broader applicability;• Varied delivery models and more diverse volunteer roles appeal to new sources of volunteers;• Research into the development of sustainable models with positive client social outcomes is now required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper provides preliminary analysis and answers to three key questions that were identified by synthesizing qualitative evidence from climate security research in Japan. The questions identified are: (1) Has Japan participated in the global climate security debate at all? (2) Why did climate security struggle to become a major political theme in Japan until 2020? (3) Why did Japan explicitly start dealing with climate security as a policy issue in 2020? We identify and discuss four key reasons relative to the second question. The review provides key details (and general parameters) of these questions that have been overlooked by not only Japanese researchers but also climate security research conducted between 2017 and 2022 in Europe and the United States. Climate security suddenly became a trending topic among Japanese researchers and political elites in 2020; we find evidence that future studies could provide important and more robust insight if an analysis of the above questions is supported by interview data obtained from Japanese government officials. In doing so, researchers will be able to provide valuable insight into the possibility (and extent) that inter-ministerial rivalry between key ministries has impeded domestic progress on climate security action. Furthermore, three separate projects on climate security have been commissioned and recently implemented in Japan. These form the basis for this first systematic literature review of 34 papers and the related research reports resulting from these projects. These papers and reports were retrieved from the electronic databases of Google Scholar, ProQuest, and the National Institute for Environmental Studies in April 2022. While the main limitation of this review paper is that readers are expected to connect these questions to their own experiences at the global level, we reduce the possibility of presenting biased information by identifying and verifying missing details. For example, we had difficulty identifying the method used in one of the co-authored papers and contacted the corresponding author. In summary, sustained discussion in academia and high-politics settings should eventually lead to a greater awareness about climate security.

The article presents a systematic literature review that examines the risk factors of older driver safety in the U.S. Factors that affect the elderly drivers' declining abilities are poor or inadequate driver-vehicle fit, road signs not accommodating their visual challenges and the lack of social systems to support older drivers. Studying the factors of safe and unsafe driving will afford opportunities for multi-disciplinary research and lay the foundation for intervention planning.

Background: Addiction to opiates and synthetic opioids poses a major threat to public health worldwide, with pharmaceutical opioids prescribed to manage pain constituting the main problem. To counteract this threat, suitable pain management strategies should be implemented in health care. Monitoring pain management seems to be feasible using telemedicine with a certain degree of resource intensity and digitization. As a communication channel for this type of monitoring, SMS appears to be a valid alternative., Objective: The aim of this systematic literature review was to (1) provide information on the state of research regarding postoperative pain management via SMS, (2) establish a basic understanding of SMS-based pain management, and (3) provide insight into the feasibility of these management strategies. The research question was as follows: Is postoperative pain management feasible and effective utilizing SMS?, Methods: A systematic literature review was performed mainly following the PRISMA guidelines and another guide on performing a systematic literature review for information systems-related research. A search string was developed based on the objectives and research question, and eight databases were searched., Results: The initial search resulted in 2083 records, which could be narrowed down by applying various exclusion criteria. Thereby, 11 articles were identified as relevant, which were accordingly analyzed and evaluated by full-text screening. In all articles, pain management interventions were performed using SMS communication between health care professionals and patients or their legal guardians. A prospective approach was predominantly chosen as the study design (91%) with the leading research objective of determining the intervention's feasibility (73%). The primary reason for sending SMS messages was to monitor patients (64%). Overall, the use of SMS improved adherence, acceptance, and satisfaction regarding postoperative pain management. With an average response rate of approximately 89.5% (SD 3.8%), the reliability of SMS as a communication and monitoring tool was further emphasized. This response rate is significantly higher than that for email interventions (66.63%, P<.001)., Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive picture of the current status on postoperative pain management by SMS. Communication via SMS was beneficial in all interventions, even preoperative. Six SMS interventions could be certified by the respective institutional review board and three were Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant. Therefore, the results of this study could be leveraged to address the opioid epidemic. Overall, the research question could be confirmed. Future research should extend this systematic literature review regarding preoperative pain management. Based on these findings, a pre- and postoperative communication model should be developed to address the opioid epidemic effectively., (©Christoph Buck, Christian Keweloh, Adam Bouras, Eduardo J Simoes. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (https://mhealth.jmir.org), 16.06.2021.)

The main purpose of this article to present a comprehensive review of the application of the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in the assessment of sustainable and green supply chain management (SCM). In this paper, we systematically identified, reviewed, and categorized the selected papers in various key perspectives, including application area, research problem and study purpose and gap, type of method and technique, name of variables, name and country of authors, related theory, unit of analysis, publication year, number of hypotheses, number of sample and scope, respondents, measure validation, data collection method, and finally, findings and results. The findings of this review study demonstrated that previous works have used the SEM in the field of green SCM. In addition, it appears the manufacturing sector had the highest rank among other sectors. Results report the majority of published papers have used SmartPls and the resource-based theory (RBV) theory achieved first rank among other theories. With 16 records, Journal of Cleaner Production stands out as the most prominent outlet, and scholars published 16 papers in the year of 2016 as the most influential year. According to the findings, we identified the United States with 16 records, as the most prominent country compared to other countries. This review paper proves to be a valuable source of information for readers and practitioners in the field of SCM because it presents useful insights into green and sustainable SCM development and offers a better understanding of the current body of knowledge in these fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lean healthcare aims to manage and improve the processes in the healthcare sector by eliminating everything that adds no value by improving quality of services, ensuring patient safety and facilitating health professionals' work to achieve a flexible and reliable organization. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is considered the starting point of any lean implementation. Some papers report applications of VSM in healthcare services, but there has been less attention paid to their contribution on sustainability indicators. The purpose of this work is to analyze the role of VSM in this context. To do so, a scoping review of works from recent years (2015 to 2019) was done. The results show that most applications of VSM reported are in the tertiary level of care, and the United States of America (USA) is the country which leads most of the applications published. In relation with the development of VSM, a heterogeneity in the maps and the sustainability indicators is remarkable. Moreover, only operational and social sustainability indicators are commonly included. We can conclude that more standardization is required in the development of the VSM in the healthcare sector, also including the environmental indicators.

Background: Access to healthcare is a poorly defined construct, with insufficient understanding of differences in facilitators and barriers between US urban versus rural specialty care. We summarize recent literature and expand upon a prior conceptual access framework, adapted here specifically to urban and rural specialty care., Methods: A systematic review was conducted of literature within the CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, PsycInfo, and ProQuest Social Sciences databases published between January 2013 and August 2018. Search terms targeted peer-reviewed academic publications pertinent to access to US urban or rural specialty healthcare. Exclusion criteria produced 67 articles. Findings were organized into an existing ten-dimension care access conceptual framework where possible, with additional topics grouped thematically into supplemental dimensions., Results: Despite geographic and demographic differences, many access facilitators and barriers were common to both populations; only three dimensions did not contain literature addressing both urban and rural populations. The most commonly represented dimensions were availability and accommodation, appropriateness, and ability to perceive. Four new identified dimensions were: government and insurance policy, health organization and operations influence, stigma, and primary care and specialist influence., Conclusions: While findings generally align with a preexisting framework, they also suggest several additional themes important to urban versus rural specialty care access.

A systematic method was used to review the existing epidemiologic literature and determine the state of the scientific evidence for potential adverse health outcomes in populations living near oil and natural gas (ONG) operations in the United States. The review utilized adapted systematic review frameworks from the medical and environmental health fields, such as Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE), the Navigation Guide, and guidance from the National Toxicology Program's Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT). The review included 20 epidemiologic studies, with 32 different health outcomes. Studies of populations living near ONG operations provide limited evidence (modest scientific findings that support the outcome, but with significant limitations) of harmful health effects including asthma exacerbations and various self-reported symptoms. Study quality has improved over time and the highest rated studies within this assessment have primarily focused on birth outcomes. Additional high-quality studies are needed to confirm or dispute these correlations.

Mindfulness practice, where an individual maintains openness, patience, and acceptance while focusing attention on a situation in a nonjudgmental way, can improve symptoms of anxiety, burnout, and depression. The practice is relevant for health care providers; however, the time commitment is a barrier to practice. For this reason, brief mindfulness interventions (eg, ≤ 4 hours) are being introduced. We systematically reviewed the literature from inception to January 2017 about the effects of brief mindfulness interventions on provider well-being and behavior. Studies that tested a brief mindfulness intervention with hospital providers and measured change in well-being (eg, stress) or behavior (eg, tasks of attention or reduction of clinical or diagnostic errors) were selected for narrative synthesis. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria; 7 were randomized controlled trials. Nine of 14 studies reported positive changes in levels of stress, anxiety, mindfulness, resiliency, and burnout symptoms. No studies found an effect on provider behavior. Brief mindfulness interventions may be effective in improving provider well-being; however, larger studies are needed to assess an impact on clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health and criminal justice concern with significant impacts; especially high rates are seen among rural Hispanic American (HA) communities, the fastest growing population in the United States. They experience additional barriers to care including extreme poverty, lesser education, gender norms, and language and immigration issues., Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using Cooper's framework to identify evidence supporting associations between interventions and prevention, reduction, and elimination of IPV among rural HA women. Searches conducted on databases including CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Women's Studies International, MedicLatina, and JSTOR used the MeSH terms Hispanic Americans (Latino/a and Hispanic), domestic violence, and intimate partner violence. Selected studies were published between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2014., Results: Of the 617 yielded articles, only 6 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, none closely examined rurality or provided valid and reliable measures of outcomes, instead reporting program descriptions and suggested interventions. We identify key findings to guide program, screening, and tool development., Conclusion: Our study identifies a gap in knowledge, research, and effective practices and issues a call for action to create evidence-based tools to prevent, reduce, and eliminate IPV in these underserved populations.

Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, African immigrants have worse cancer outcomes. However, there is little research about cancer behaviors and/or interventions in this growing population as they are generally grouped with populations from America or the Caribbean. This systematic review examines cancer-related studies that included African-born participants. We searched PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, Pubmed, CINHAL, and Web of Science for articles focusing on any type of cancer that included African-born immigrant participants. Twenty articles met study inclusion criteria; only two were interventions. Most articles focused on one type of cancer (n=11) (e.g., breast cancer) and were conducted in disease-free populations (n=15). Studies included African participants mostly from Nigeria (n=8) and Somalia (n=6). However, many papers (n=7) did not specify nationality or had small percentages (<5%) of African immigrants (n=5). Studies found lower screening rates in African immigrants compared to other subpopulations (e.g. US-born). Awareness of screening practices was limited. Higher acculturation levels were associated with higher screening rates. Barriers to screening included access (e.g. insurance), pragmatic (e.g. transportation), and psychosocial barriers (e.g. shame). Interventions to improve cancer outcomes in African immigrants are needed. Research that includes larger samples with diverse African subgroups including cancer survivors is necessary to inform future directions., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)