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Objectives: Despite recommendations to increase the uptake of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, trends in CRC screening vary with sociodemographic status. We aimed to evaluate trends in CRC screening in the US population and subpopulations. Methods: A total of 1,082,924 participants aged 50 to 75 from five cycles (2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020) of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were involved. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to evaluate linear trends in CRC screening utilization from 2012 to 2018. Rao-Scott chi-square tests were used to assess the differences in CRC screening utilization between 2018 and 2020. Results: The estimated percentage reporting up-to-date with CRC screening increased significantly (P for trend <0.001), from 62.8% (95% CI, 62.4%−63.2%) in 2012 to 66.7% (95% CI, 66.3%−67.2%) in 2018 and 70.4% (95% CI, 69.8%−71.0%) in 2020, in accordance with 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations. Trends followed similar patterns in most subgroups, although with different magnitudes in several subgroups, primarily those underweight showed a stable percentage over time (P for trend = 0.170). In 2020, 72.4% of participants reported they were up to date with CRC screening, including the utilization of stool DNA tests and virtual colonoscopy. Colonoscopy was the most commonly used test in 2020 (64.5%), followed by FOBT (12.6%), stool DNA test (5.8%), sigmoidoscopy (3.8%), and virtual colonoscopy (2.7%). Conclusions: In this nationally representative survey of the US population from 2012 through 2020, the percentage reporting up to date with CRC screening has increased, but not equally among all subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal exposure and depression have each been associated with adverse metabolic diseases, but no study has examined the potential interaction between them. We examined the interaction of depression on the association between metals and metabolic diseases among adults. The interaction of depression in the relationship between metal and metabolic disease in adults was investigated using NHANES, a cross-sectional survey design. By employing data from the NHANES database spanning the years 2007–2018, regression models were employed to investigate the independent impacts of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, and mercury) and depression on metabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome). Subsequently, the association between metals and metabolic diseases was explored stratified by depression, and the interaction between heavy metals and depression was explored. Because of the complex NHANES design, statistical evaluations were adjusted through weighting to represent the populace of the United States. We found log transformed-urinary lead was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (OR: 2.33; 95 % CI: 1.23, 4.41) in adults with depression. Log transformed-urinary lead was not associated with type 2 diabetes (OR: 0.84; 95 % CI: 0.56, 1.27) in adults without depression. The interaction between Pb and depression in type 2 diabetes was significant (P for interaction = 0.033). Log transformed-urinary lead * depression was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (OR: 1.82; 95 % CI: 1.01, 3.34) in adults. There was no significant interaction between cadmium and mercury exposure and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome (P for interaction > 0.05). The presence of depression positively modified the adverse associations between urinary lead and type 2 diabetes. • Cd was independently associated with metabolic diseases. • Pb was independently associated with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. • Hg was independently associated with hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome. • Depression was independently associated with T2DM, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. • The interaction between urinary Pb and depression in T2DM was significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of diabetes in adulthood. However, the potential mediational role of sleep duration in this association is unclear. A total of 116, 014 participants in the United States, from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey in 2020 were involved in the study. The effects of ACE status, different ACEs, and ACE scores on short sleep duration were examined using binary logistic regression analysis, and the association of ACE status, different types of ACEs, and ACE scores with diabetes and the mediating role of short sleep duration were observed. Path analysis was used to investigate short sleep duration as pathways between different types of ACEs and diabetes in adulthood. For the different types of ACEs, alcohol abuse in the household (OR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.08; 1.18), witnessing domestic violence (OR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.11; 1.23), emotional abuse (OR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.06; 1.16), physical abuse (OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.17; 1.28), sexual abuse (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.18; 1.32) and short sleep duration (OR = 1.26, 95%CI 1.21; 1.32) independently increased the odds of diabetes. There was also an indirect relationship between alcohol abuse in the household, witnessing domestic violence, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and diabetes via short sleep duration. Short sleep duration plays a partial mediating role between ACEs and diabetes, including alcohol abuse in the household, witnessing domestic violence, physical and sexual abuse. • Each type of ACE was positively associated with short sleep duration. • Four types of ACEs were positively associated with diabetes. • Short sleep duration was positively associated with diabetes. • Short sleep duration plays a partial mediating role between ACEs and diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L. is one of the most widely used and perennial understory herbal remedies in the world, belongs to the Araliaceae family. It is native to Canada, Eastern United States, and North America. American ginseng has always been known as 'green gold' in North America. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of P. quinquefolius L. was determined by the BGISEQ-500 Sequencing. The complete chloroplast genome of American ginseng, (P. quinquefolius L.) was 156,267 bp in length and displays a typical quadripartite structure of the large (LSC, 86,124 bp) and small (SSC, 18,069 bp) single-copy regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 26,037 bp each). It harbours 133 functional genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes species. The overall nucleotide composition was: 30.6% A, 31.4% T, 19.4% C, and 18.6% G, with a total G + C content of 38.0%. Phylogenetic relationship analysis shows that P. quinquefolius L. closely related to Panax ginseng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular health (CVH) is closely associated with various noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and comorbidity; however, the influence of CVH on NCD multimorbidity was not fully elucidated. We aimed to examine the association between CVH using Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and NCD multimorbidity among adults, males, and females in the United States, conducting a cross-sectional analysis using data involving 24,445 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. LE8 was categorized into low, moderate, and high CVH groups. Multivariate logistic regressions and restricted cubic spline regressions were used to estimate the association between LE8 and NCD multimorbidity. Overall, 6162 participants had NCD multimorbidity, of which 1168 (43.5%), 4343 (25.9%), and 651 (13.4%) had low, moderate, and high CVH, separately. After multivariable adjustment, LE8 was negatively associated with NCD multimorbidity among adults (odds ratio (OR) for per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in LE8 and 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67 (0.64, 0.69)), and the top 3 NCDs associated with CVH were emphysema, congestive heart failure, stroke, and the dose-response relationships between LE8 and NCD multimorbidity were observed among adults (overall P < 0.001). Similar patterns were also identified among males and females. Higher CVH measured by the LE8 score was associated with lower odds of NCD multimorbidity among adults, males, and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Clinical and translational research is increasing in China, attracting faculty-to-faculty collaborations between U.S. and Chinese researchers. However, examples of successful institution-to-institution collaborations to facilitate this research are limited. The authors describe a partnership between Peking University Health Science Center (PUHSC) and the University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS) designed to enable faculty-initiated joint translational and clinical research projects., Approach: In 2009, UMMS leadership identified PUHSC as the most appropriate institutional partner, and the Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research was established in 2010. Each contributed $7 million for joint research projects in areas of mutual interest. A shared governance structure, four thematic programs (pulmonary, cardiovascular, liver, and renal diseases), three joint research-enabling cores, and processes for awarding funding have been established along with methods for collaborating and mechanisms to share data and biomaterials., Outcomes: As of November 2015, 52 joint faculty proposals have been submitted, and 25 have been funded. These projects have involved more than 100,000 patients in the United States and China and have generated 13 peer-reviewed publications. Pilot data have been leveraged to secure $3.3 million of U.S. extramural funding. Faculty and trainee exchanges take place regularly (including an annual symposium), and mechanisms exist to link faculty seeking collaborations. Critical determinants of success include having co-ownership at all levels with coinvestment of resources., Next Steps: Each institution is committed to continuing its support with a repeat $7 million investment. Next steps include initiating studies in new clinical areas and pursuing large clinical intervention trials.