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Glyphosate is an active ingredient in most herbicides utilized for the purpose of weed control and desiccation on cereal and other grain crops in the U.S. and globally. Glyphosate residues in these products are causing public health concerns regarding its exposure. This review focuses on glyphosate applications for grain crops and contamination in relevant products. Topics include: brief history of glyphosate, glyphosate safety issues and health concerns, regulations regarding glyphosate maximum residue limits (MRLs), glyphosate quantification and residue analysis, its degradation during grain and food processing, and water contamination. Although herbicide degradation is reported during post-harvest grain processing, there lacks consensus to support glyphosate degradation in cereal grains through these processes. Animal trials found that high doses of glyphosate damaged the organs, reproduction and nerve systems; however, limited human evidence supports the carcinogenicity of glyphosate exposure on humans. Due to primary application of glyphosate in agriculture, glyphosate has recovered from environmental samples such as water. Overall, glyphosate residues in grains and foods were below the current MRLs. More studies are needed to further elucidate any health-related concerns pertaining to glyphosate exposure and consumption, degradation of glyphosate during grain storage and processing, as well as its long-term safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating form of stroke causing high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to develop a novel clinical score incorporating multisystem markers to predict functional dependence at 90 days after ICH., Methods: We analysed data from Chinese Cerebral Hemorrhage: Mechanism and Intervention study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with 90-day functional dependency (the modified Rankin Scale ≥3) after ICH and develop the ADVISING scoring system. To test the scoring system, a total of 2111 patients from Hubei province were included as the training cohort, and 733 patients from other three provinces in China were included as an external validation cohort., Results: We found nine variables to be significantly associated with functional dependency and included in the ADVISING score system: age, deep location of haematoma, volume of haematoma, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, aspartate transaminase, international normalised ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, fasting blood glucose and glomerular filtration rate. Individuals were divided into 12 different categories by using these nine potential predictors. The proportion of patients who were functionally dependent increased with higher ADVISING scores, which showed good discrimination and calibration in both the training cohort (C-statistic, 0.866; p value of Hosmer-Lemeshow test, 0.195) and validation cohort (C-statistic, 0.884; p value of Hosmer-Lemeshow test, 0.853). The ADVISING score also showed better discriminative performance compared with the other five existing ICH scores (p<0.001)., Conclusions: ADVISING score is a reliable tool to predict functional dependency at 90 days after ICH., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)