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In this article, the authors provide snapshots of a student's case in which she received an Individualized Education Program (IEP) after being diagnosed as having a speech and language disorder in an urban Head Start program located in the northeast region of the United States. This case can shed light on the complexities of the literacy practices of young children from immigrant families in the contexts of their families and school lives. Furthermore, the authors highlight the importance of enacting culturally relevant/responsive pedagogy (CRP) and offer CRP-oriented literacy teaching suggestions on caring, fostering, and empowering young children's multilingual language development and their individual literacy practices transitioning from home to school.

We use the 1991 Survey of Federal Government Employees to test a theoretical framework regarding the relationships between work and family demands, family-friendly policies, satisfaction with work-family balance, and job satisfaction for diverse groups of employees with different personal and family needs. We find that a variety of policies widely presumed to be "family friendly" were used to varying degrees by disparate groups of federal employees. The use of such policies had very diverse effects on both employee satisfaction with work-family balance and job satisfaction, within and across various groups of similarly situated employees. The assumptions underlying the provision of family-friendly policies and implications for the organization are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the compliance of private-sector employers to Worker Adjustment & Retraining Act passed by the US Congress in 1988, designed to provide advance notices to workers before plant closings or mass layoffs. Literature review on compliance with government mandates; Weakening of compliance due to design problems in the law; Impact of the law to displaced workers.

To help low-income households meet their medical needs and remain off welfare programs, many states provide a so-called Medically Needy program. Under this program, low-income women with dependent children who meet all criteria for categorically needy assistance, but who do not participate in AFDC, may qualify for Medicaid. In this study, I develop a model based on the economic theory of income-leisure tradeoff and use the data reported in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to analyze how an extended Medicaid program affects AFDC participation of low-income female household heads. The empirical findings indicate that the presence of the Medically Needy program is associated with a decrease in the likelihood of AFDC participation. This study also discusses the implications of extended Medicaid coverage as a policy alternative in reducing the likelihood of AFDC participation of low-income female- headed households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses the 1988 CPS Displaced Workers Survey to analyse the effect of written advance notification of plant closings and relocations on the re-employment earnings of blue-collar and, for comparison purposes, white-collar workers in the United States. The results show that written notification given less than 60 days in advance of the layoffs did not have any significant effect on the re-employment earnings of either blue-collar or white-collar workers of either gender. However, the results show that dislocated male blue-collar workers who were given advance notification of 60 days or more before their layoffs had significantly higher re-employment earnings. This result is supportive of the federal plant closing legislation mandating 60-day advance notification to dislocated workers in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Humans are constantly exposed to various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) because of their widespread sources and characteristic of easy evaporation. Existing evidence regarding the association between VOC exposure and osteoarthritis (OA) risk is limited., Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the associations between individual urinary VOC metabolites (VOCMs) and the VOCM mixture, representing internal exposure levels of VOCs, with prevalent OA risk and to explore the mediating effect of aging and oxidative stress (OS) in these associations., Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005-2020 were analyzed. Weighted generalized linear regression was employed to explore the associations between individual VOCMs and OA risk, as well as aging and OS biomarkers. A five-repeated ten-fold cross-validation elastic net model was used to identify critical VOCMs for the weight quantile sum (WQS) analysis, which was performed to explore the VOCM mixture and OA risk association. Parallel and serial mediation analyses were conducted to identify the potential mediators and mediation pathways., Results: This study included 6578 American adults aged ≥40 years, among whom 1052 (16.0 %) individuals reported prevalent OA. Urinary levels of N-acetyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteine, mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid were positively associated with OA risk. Eleven VOCMs with nonzero coefficients were identified and included in the WQS analysis, and results revealed an average increase of 24.4 % in OA risk (OR = 1.244, 95 % CI: 1.041, 1.486) per one-quantile increment in the VOCM mixture. Two aging biomarkers, phenotypic age and biological age, parallelly mediated the association between the VOCM mixture and OA risk, with mediation effect proportions of 9.0 % and 16.4 %, respectively., Conclusions: Exposure to VOCs is associated with an increased OA risk in middle-to-old aged American adults. The mediating effect of aging contributes to the association between co-exposure to VOCs and OA risk. Further prospective studies are required to substantiate these findings., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) occasionally presents with acute focal neurologic signs, mimicking arterial stroke syndrome. Diagnosing CVT in the setting of thrombolysis eligibility evaluation is challenging. We reported this case to discuss the promptly recognizing CVT in the setting of thrombolysis eligibility evaluation, and review the literature of thrombolytic therapy in CVT patients., Case Report: A 57-year-old man presented with acute-onset right upper extremity monoparesis, right facial palsy, and aphasia. He underwent emergent thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator according to American Stroke Association guidelines. Subsequently, CVT was identified on multiphase computed tomography (CT) angiography. His symptoms initially improved but subsequently deteriorated because of intracranial hemorrhage. Cryoprecipitate and tranexamic acid were immediately administered. Anticoagulation was started 24 hours after the onset of hemorrhage. His modified Rankin Scale score was 4 at 120 days after the hemorrhage., Conclusion: Patients with CVT have a higher risk of thrombolysis-related intracranial hemorrhage than other stroke mimics. A greater focus on noncontrast brain CT and the venous phase of CT angiography help identifying this stroke mimic before thrombolysis.

Due to the advantages in efficacy and safety compared with traditional chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapeutic drugs have become mainstream cancer treatments. Since the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib was approved to enter the market by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001, an increasing number of small-molecule targeted drugs have been developed for the treatment of malignancies. By December 2020, 89 small-molecule targeted antitumor drugs have been approved by the US FDA and the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. Despite great progress, small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs still face many challenges, such as a low response rate and drug resistance. To better promote the development of targeted anti-cancer drugs, we conducted a comprehensive review of small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs according to the target classification. We present all the approved drugs as well as important drug candidates in clinical trials for each target, discuss the current challenges, and provide insights and perspectives for the research and development of anti-cancer drugs.