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The progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) to a more sustained form is associated with increased symptoms and morbidity. The aims of the REgistry on Cardiac Rhythm DisORDers Assessing the Control of Atrial Fibrillation (RecordAF)eUnited States (US) cohort study were to identify the risk factors of AF progression and the effects of management approaches. RecordAF is the first worldwide, 1-year observational study of the treatment of community-based patients with recent-onset AF. We assessed AF progression at 12 months in the US cohort. AF progression was defined as a change of AF to a more sustained form (either paroxysmal becoming persistent or permanent, or persistent becoming permanent). The US cohort included 955 patients, with mean age of 68.9 years; 56.8% were men and 88.8% were white. At entry, 59.6% of patients were selected for ratecontrol and 40.4% for rhythm-control therapy. At 12 months, the management strategy was unchanged for 68.2% of the patients in the rate- and 77.7% of the patients in the rhythmcontrol groups. Overall, AF progression had occurred in 18.6% of patients at 12 months. The progression rate was significantly greater in the rate-control (27.6%) than in the rhythm-control (5.8%) group (p <0.001). Progression to permanent AF occurred in 16.4% of patients. In addition to a rate-control strategy, older age, AF rhythm at entry, persistent AF at baseline, and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack independently predicted AF progression. Rate control was associated with AF progression, with a propensity score adjusted odds ratio of 2.67 (p <0.001). In conclusion, rate control was the preferred treatment of recent-onset AF in the US but was associated with more AF progression than rhythm control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]