1. Osteoporosis is associated with depression among older adults: a nationwide population-based study in the USA from 2005 to 2020.
- Author
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Chen, K., Wang, T., Tong, X., Song, Y., Hong, J., Sun, Y., Zhuang, Y., Shen, H., and Yao, X.I.
- Subjects
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OSTEOPOROSIS diagnosis , *MENTAL depression risk factors , *PHOTON absorptiometry , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *ALCOHOLISM , *CROSS-sectional method , *AGE distribution , *FEMUR neck , *RACE , *OSTEOPOROSIS , *RISK assessment , *SEX distribution , *INCOME , *PHYSICAL activity , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *MENTAL depression , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *BONE density , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *ODDS ratio , *MARITAL status , *BODY mass index , *SMOKING , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *DISEASE complications , *OLD age - Abstract
The global prevalence of osteoporosis is rising, yet it is unclear whether people with osteoporosis have a higher risk of depression than those without osteoporosis. A cross-sectional study. We used nationally representative data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2005–2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2013-2014, and 2017-2020. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was based on the bone mineral density of the femoral neck measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with a score ≥5 as depressive symptoms and a score ≥10 as probable depression. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the association between osteoporosis and depressive symptoms and probable depression. We included 11,603 adults (aged 50 years and older, 52.3% male) and observed 5.2% of them had osteoporosis. 31.9% of these osteoporotic people had depressive symptoms, and 10.0% had probable depression. Compared to participants without osteoporosis, those with osteoporosis were 1.73 times more likely to experience depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–2.50) and 1.91 times more likely to experience probable depression (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.02–3.59), after adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, family income, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol abuse. Moderate-to-vigorous activities mediated the associations between osteoporosis and depression and depressive symptoms. Osteoporosis is an independent risk factor for depression. This study highlights the need to evaluate the mental well-being of patients with osteoporosis in clinical and primary health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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