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Objective: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is the most common comorbid condition in childhood ADHD. This trial was prospectively designed to explore ODD symptoms in ADHD adults. Method: A total of 86 patients in this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of methylphenidate transdermal system (MTS) were categorized based on the presence of ODD symptoms in childhood and adulthood, and then were compared for baseline and outcome differences. Results: In all, 42% met "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (4th ed.; "DSM-IV") criteria for ODD as adults and were significantly more impaired on measures of ADHD, personality disorder, and substance abuse and 27% had childhood ODD that had resolved. Childhood and adult ODD symptoms were significantly correlated. ODD and ADHD symptoms improved significantly with MTS ("p" less than 0.001), and the most consistently significant results were found in participants with adult ODD. Conclusion: A total of 69% met criteria for ODD as children and/or adults. Understanding how ODD interacts with ADHD to impact personality disorder, substance abuse, and treatment response has important clinical, social, and theoretical implications. (Contains 4 tables.)

While place-based education has its roots in the school system, ideas and techniques of the theory are easily adaptable to the museum community. This article showcases the efforts of three museums to apply place-based learning to their programs and exhibits. Innovative approaches to museum learning have enabled the Pratt Museum in Homer, Alaska, the Wing Luke Asian Museum in Seattle, Washington, and the College of Eastern Utah Prehistoric Museum in Price, Utah to better engage museum audiences within the walls of the museum as well as in the greater community. Through application of place-based learning, these museums have found a new voice and power to fulfill the missions of their institutions. (Contains 8 notes.)

The perspective of children with developmental disabilities regarding what is important is not fully understood due to limited means by which accurate data are collected. Many researchers rely upon teachers, parents, and siblings to provide information regarding the lives of children with developmental disabilities. This study differs from most because primary informants were 15 school-aged individuals with disabilities who took snapshots of that which they reported to be important to them. Their ability to take pictures was examined and themes were determined through content analysis. Results indicate these participants can take usable snapshots, which frequently focus on family; other themes of the photographs included friends, objects, and buildings. This preliminary study suggests that photography may be one way to allow students with developmental disabilities to contribute information regarding what they value in their lives. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)

A replicated trial, planted in 2011, compared nine primocane-fruiting raspberry cultivars for suitability to commercial production in the U.S. Intermountain West. Factors evaluated included annual yield, fruit size, fruiting season, consumer preference, leaf chlorophyll content, and cane infestation by raspberry horntail, a common insect pest of raspberries in northern Utah. 'Joan J' was the highest yielding cultivar, averaging 3.32 kg per row meter, followed by 'Polana', 'Autumn Bliss', and 'Dinkum' with 2.53, 2.01, and 1.34 kg·m−1, respectively. 'Autumn Bliss' and 'Joan J' were the earliest to fruit with a harvest midpoint 4 and 2 days before 'Polana', respectively. Leaf chlorophyll concentration (CCl) was highest in 'Joan J' and 'Autumn Treasure', averaging 30.9 and 27.0 CCl, respectively. All cultivars exhibited similar susceptibility to raspberry horntail, with differences in infestation rates related to the location in the field. A survey of farmers' market customers found the highest consumer preference for 'Autumn Bliss', 'Dinkum', and 'Vintage'. Only the earliest cultivars gave commercially viable yields for the high elevation valleys of the Intermountain West region of the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Steptoean Positive Isotopic Carbon Excursion (SPICE) is recognized as a global perturbation of the carbon cycle, with δ13C excursions (+4–5‰) found worldwide. The SPICE occurred in the Furongian Epoch of the Cambrian Period (∼500 Ma) and is unique among Paleozoic positive Carbon Isotope Excursions (CIEs) for its magnitude and global correlation, and has been well studied, though its causative mechanism is still debated. The Lawson Cove and House Range sections of western Utah are two localities where the SPICE was first reported and are relatively fossiliferous and thick, allowing us to document shifts in skeletal abundance and diversity through point counts of thin sections coupled with δ13C carb , δ13C org , TOC, and Hg measurements through both sections. The concurrent brief disappearance of trilobites at the onset of the SPICE in both sections, aligned with the Marjumiid-Pterocephaliid biomere boundary, supports a shared mechanism for the δ13C spike and the extinction event. The greatest abundance of fossils was found during the rising limb of the SPICE, reaching, or exceeding 49% of points per slide in both sections. The highest SPICE δ13C values correlated with a brief absence of fossil material in the Lawson Cove section. The House Range recorded a prolonged depauperate stretch during the peak δ13C values of the SPICE, correlated with a facies change at the transition into the Johns Wash Limestone Member of the Orr Formation. The differences seen between the sections highlight the impact of local processes in recording the SPICE event. • Furongian sections in Utah preserve the SPICE event. • Geochemical proxy data reveals local control through SPICE. • Animal abundance data reflect environmental influence. • Multiproxy studies through SPICE can help constrain mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of mercantile cooperation by Mormons in Utah. The author notes the October 1865 semiannual conference of the church, at which Brigham Young urged Mormons to enter into trade and establish themselves in the field of merchandising. Also noted is an effort by Mormons to boycott all non-Mormon businesses. According to the author, the Mormon cooperative system is similar to the operations of chain store organizations at the time of publications. The author notes that there was no ownership connection between the wholesale and retail cooperatives.

The article offers information on the arrest of Alex Wubbels, a nurse in Utah. Topics include the hospital policies for nurses, the consent of patients, and the Code of Ethics given by the American Nurses Association. The article also discusses the warrant issued by the U.S. Supreme Court and the rights of nurses.

Background Previous studies of motorcycle crash (MC) related hospital charges use trauma registries and hospital records, and do not adjust for the number of motorcyclists not requiring medical attention. This may lead to conservative estimates of helmet use effectiveness. Methods MC records were probabilistically linked with emergency department and hospital records to obtain total hospital charges. Missing data were imputed. Multivariable quantile regression estimated reductions in hospital charges associated with helmet use and other crash factors. Results Motorcycle helmets were associated with reduced median hospital charges of $256 (42% education) and reduced 98th percentile of $32 390 (33% reduction). After adjusting for other factors, helmets were associated with reductions in charges in all upper percentiles studied. Quantile regression models described homogenous and heterogeneous associations between other crash factors and charges. Conclusions Quantile regression comprehensively describes associations between crash factors and hospital charges. Helmet use among motorcyclists is associated with decreased hospital charges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Raising a child with a disability (CWD) in the home is increasing across the globe. Because of caregiver burden and the complexity of care, there is growing concern for typically developing sibling (TDS) outcomes. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine whether caregiver burden, parenting style, and sibling relationships in families raising a CWD are associated with cooperative and externalizing behaviors in TDS. Methods: This correlational study included 189 families raising both a CWD and a TDS. Multilevel modeling was used to identify which variables were most predictive of TDS outcomes and if there were parent gender effects. Results: Authoritative parenting was positively associated with cooperative behaviors. Authoritarian parenting was positively associated with externalizing behaviors. Multilevel modeling revealed caregiver burden was a significant predictor of sibling behaviors in the first model. When parenting style was added as a predictor, it was also significant. When sibling relationships were added as predictors, they were significant predictors for both cooperative and externalizing TDS behaviors; however, caregiver burden was no longer significant. Authoritarian parenting significantly predicted externalizing behaviors, and authoritative parenting was significantly related to cooperative behaviors. Discussion: In families raising a CWD, positive sibling relationships may help negate the effects of caregiver burden and are more predictive of TDS outcomes than some parenting practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culvert rehabilitation is a cost-effective alternative to culvert replacement for many applications where the culvert has reached the end of its useful life. When a profile-walled existing (host) culvert is relined with a smooth-walled pipe, the culvert flow velocities typically increase, the corresponding flow depths decrease, and the resulting flow conditions can create a potential barrier to fish passage. In an effort to provide some baseline data for fish passage through baffled culvert liners, fish passage behaviors of wild brown trout through prototype-scale 0.61-m-diameter, 18-m-long smooth-walled baffled and nonbaffled culverts were observed in the laboratory under a variety of culvert slopes and discharges. The baffles significantly increased the range of culvert slopes and discharges over which the fish could successfully pass. The baffled culvert hydraulic roughness coefficient (Manning's ) increased 274% (approximately equivalent to corrugated metal pipe values) relative to the nonbaffled culvert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provision of consistent high quality home- and community-based services to children with disabilities living in rural and frontier areas is a challenge. Distance, weather, geographic terrain (mountains, canyons), and shortages of pediatric early interventionists are among the challenges to ensuring appropriate and equitable services. Videoconferencing offers a viable means to address these challenges and is becoming increasingly accepted due to the popular use and rapid advancement of voice-over-Internet protocol (VoIP) technology, Internet expansion, the growing "digital native" population, and coaching service models. This article offers a rationale for using a telepractice model for early intervention--virtual home visits (VHV) conducted via videoconferencing--and describes components of the service model, including equipment needs, costs, and training requirements. Additionally, the article summarizes evaluation results, including service provider and family satisfaction with the use of technology, and a comparison of interactions during home visits conducted face-to-face with those via VHV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Travel to religious sites has increased in the past few decades. In the eyes of some scholars, this increased visitation adds to the already prevalent view of religious sites as contested spaces and places. This paper adds to the literature on religious tourism and contested places by looking at the ways in which religious sites act as a nexus for modernist/post-modernist tensions surrounding personal and group identity formation. After briefly discussing travel as an identity-building exercise, the case study of Temple Square in Salt Lake City, UT, is used to examine the ways in which religious site managers at Temple Square negotiate these modernist/post-modernist identity tensions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We predict broadband (BB, 0-10 Hz) ground motions for M 7 earth-quakes on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault (WFSLC), Utah, which include the effects of nonlinear site response. The predictions are based on low-frequency (LF, 0-1 Hz) finite-difference (FD) simulations for six different rupture models generated during a previous study (Roten et al., 2011), which we combine with high-frequency (HF, 1-10 Hz) shear-to-shear (S-to-S) back-scattering operators to generate BB synthetics. Average horizontal spectral accelerations at 5 and 10 Hz (0.2-s SAs and 0.1-s SAs, respectively) calculated from the linear BB synthetics exceed estimates from four recent ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) at near-fault (< 5 km) locations on the sediment by more than one standard deviation, but agree with the GMPEs at larger rupture distances. The overprediction of the near-fault GMPE values is largely eliminated after corrections of the BB synthetics for nonlinear soil effects are applied, reducing the SAs from the simulations by up to 70%. These cor-rections are based on amplitude-, frequency-, and site-dependent correction functions from ID nonlinear simulations at ~450 locations in the Salt Lake basin, using a simple soil model based in part on published laboratory experiments on Bonneville clay sam-ples. We obtain geometric mean 1-s SAs from from the six scenarios of more than 0.75g on the hanging-wall side of the fault. Geometric mean 0.2-s SAs exceed lg on the hanging-wall and on the footwall sediments in the central Salt Lake basin, and peak horizontal ground accelerations range from 0.45 to > 0.60g in the same general locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While religious travel to religious sites has existed for millennia, only recently has this phenomenon been examined by tourism scholars. Within the research on religious site management, the empirical nature of the organizational and operational management of sacred sites has been understudied in the tourism management literature. The purpose of this paper is to correct this deficiency by examining the management structure and practices at Temple Square, the spiritual center of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City, Utah. This is done through briefly examining both the historical development tourism at Temple Square and the theological reasoning behind its current tourism-oriented organization and lack of commodification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from the Utah nursing home Utilization Review Program, 1970-73, provide a description of the population of nursing home patients in Utah and changes over time in patient medication and measutes of activity. These data are analyzed according to type of care in home: personal, intermediate, or comprehensive The collection of data in utilization review programs can help to evaluate the quality of care as well as appropriateness of placement, provided the information collected is designed with these ends in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]