This study was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Muzaffarnagar, Utar Pradesh, India during 2005-08 crop seasons to evaluate the associations of cane and sugar yields and their components by inter-se correlations. Thirteen. sugarcane cultivars (Co 1148; Co J 64; Co S 687; Co S 767;. Co S 88230; Co S 94257; Co S 94270; Co S 95222;Co S 95255; Co 5 96258; Co 5 96260; Co Se 92423 and UP 22)were studied in a replicated trial under RCBD. Data on eight parameters were collected and used for unit analysis and correlation coefficients analysis to find associations among these traits. The results showed that cane yield had almost positive association with its components. A significant positive association was observed between cane yield and, number of canes per plot at environmental (re = +0.781), phenotypic (rp=+0.682) and genotypic (rg =+0.679) levels. A highly significant correlation was observed for association of cane yield with cane weight (+0.683), cane height (+0.779) and low degree association with cane thickness at genotypic levels. Sugar yield per plot had also a highly significant positive correlation with cane yield (re =+0.979, rp +0.890, rg =+0.869) and number of canes per plot (re +0.803, rp+0.663, rg =+0.664) at all three levels showing almost similar pattern of association with cane weight. However, juice sucrose percent at harvest had a non-significant negative association with sugar yield at all three levels. Sucrose percent also exhibited negative association with cane yield at all levels but significant (-0.595) at genotypic level only. The pattern of association of cane and sugar yields with their components was found, by and large, to be similar. Cane and sugar yield components like number of canes, cane weight and cane height are desirable traits for selection criteria in sugarcane varietal improvement programme. A low magnitude negative correlation of sucrose with cane and sugar yields implied that both traits i.e yield and sucrose could be selected simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]