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Plants of the Lamiaceae family are important ornamental, medicinal and aromatic plants, with many of them producing essential oils that are used in traditional and modern medicine as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. This review summarizes research on selected Lamiaceae species from the Uzbekistan flora with regard to their chemical constituents and biological activity. These plants contain many bioactive compounds, such as ecdysteroids, iridoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics and alkaloids, exhibiting different antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The botanical description, taxonomy, habitat and ethnopharmacology of the investigated Lamiaceae species that have been used in Uzbek traditional medicine are presented as well, including the local names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compositions of volatile components in the aerial parts of six Astragalus species, namely A. campylotrichus (Aca), A. chiwensis (Ach), A. lehmannianus (Ale), A. macronyx (Ama), A. mucidus (Amu) and A. sieversianus (Asi), were investigated using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Ninety-seven metabolites were identified, accounting for 73.28, 87.03, 74.38, 87.93, 85.83, and 91.39% of Aca, Ach, Ale, Ama, Amu and Asi whole oils, respectively. Sylvestrene was the most predominant component in Asi, Amu and Ama, with highest concentration in Asi (64.64%). In addition, (E)-2-hexenal was present in a high percentage in both Ale and Ach (9.97 and 10.1%, respectively). GC-MS based metabolites were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) to explore the correlations between the six species. The PCA score plot displayed clear differentiation of all Astragalus species and a high correlation between the Amu and Ama species. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using various assays, phosphomolybdenum (PM), 2,2 diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), 2,2-azino bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing power (FRAP) and ferrous ion chelation (FIC) assays. In addition, the potential for the volatile samples to inhibit both acetyl/butyrylcholinesterases (AChE, BChE), α- amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase was assessed. Most of the species showed considerable antioxidant potential in the performed assays. In the DPPH assay, Ama exhibited the maximum activity (24.12 ± 2.24 mg TE/g sample), and the volatiles from Amu exhibited the highest activity (91.54 mgTE/g oil) in the ABTS radical scavenging assay. The effect was more evident in both CUPRAC and FRAP assays, where both Ale and Ama showed the strongest activity in comparison with the other tested species (84.06, 80.28 mgTE/g oil for CUPRAC and 49.47, 49.02 mgTE/g oil for FRAP, respectively). Asi demonstrated the strongest AChE (4.55 mg GALAE/g oil) and BChE (3.61 mg GALAE/g oil) inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the best tyrosinase inhibitory potential was observed for Ale (138.42 mg KAE/g). Accordingly, Astragalus species can be utilized as promising natural sources for many medicinally important components that could be tested as drug candidates for treating illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chemical composition and biological activities of 7 Lagochilus were investigated. • A new iridoid glucoside 7-cinnamoyllamalbide was isolated from L. gypsaceus. • Antioxidant potential of the components of the Lagochilus species were evaluated. • 5-Hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone inhibited tested enzymes. The species of the genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) are widespread in Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia. Some of these species are used for their medicinal and therapeutic effects, in particular as hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and anti-epileptic agents. A new iridoid, glucoside 7- cinnamoyllamalbide, along with known compounds lagochilin, 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone, daucosterol, β-sitosterol, 8-acetylharpagide were isolated from L. gypsaceus. The high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was used to determine the chemical fingerprints of 7 different Lagochilus species (L. acutilobus, L. gypsaceus , L. inebrians , L. olgae , L. proskorjakovii , L. setulosus , L. vvedenskyi). Among the tested species, lagochilin content was highest in the endemic species L. inebrians collected from the Djizzakh region of Uzbekistan. In free radical scavenging and reducing power assays, L. inebrans and L. vvedenskyi exhibited the strongest abilities. Regarding cholinesterases, amylase and glucosidase inhibition abilities of the tested samples, 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone was the most active compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of Heracleum lehmannianum, Prangos pabularia, Pseudohandelia umbellifera and Pulicaria salviifolia, all of them growing in Uzbekistan, were determined by GC-MS analysis. The main components of the oil from H. lehmannianum were α-phellandrene (10.5%), 1-butanol (9.0%), δ-cadinene (6.2%), α-cadinol (5.7%), τ-muurolol (3.1%), 4-terpineol (2.4%) and α-muurolene (2.6%), while cis-allo-ocimene (17.6%), δ-3-carene (14.2%), limonene (7.6%), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (6.8%), α-terpinolene (6.1%), β-ocimene (4.3%), α-ocimene (4.2%), α-phellandrene (4.2%) were the major oil components in P. pabularia, and borneol (4.4%), t-cadinol (4.1%), α-humulene oxide (4.0%), caryophyllene oxide (3.6%), bornyl chloride (3.1%), β-pinene (2.9%) in P. umbellifera. The essential oil of P. salviifolia had a much more complex composition which was dominated by 4-terpineol (13.4%), α-cadinol (5.7%), 6-epi-shyobunol (5.2%), γ-terpinene (5.0%), δ-cadinene (4.4%), α-terpinene (3.5%).