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Describes the sound production-associated behavior of Hamadryas feronia butterflies from Venezuela. Anatomy and physiology of the hearing organ; Production of clicking sounds upon detection of passing conspecific male or female; Duration and intensity of the sound; Production of clicks using only one wing by male; Location of the Vogel's hearing organ.

Details of the life cycle of Aneugmenus merida Smith (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) reared under laboratory conditions are reported. Females may produce parthenogenetic or non-parthenogenetic eggs. After eclosion, males of A. merida go through five larval instars, pre-pupa, pupa and imago. The complete life cycle lasts approximately 44 days. Larvae feed on bracken [Pteridium caudatum (L.) and Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf)] (Dennstaedtiaceae). We also report on morphological observations of the sinus sexualis in males by scanning electron micrographs and give details on mating behavior.