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Background: Women in prison have comparatively greater health needs than men, often compounded by structures and policies within the prison system. The notion of a 'health-promoting' prison is a concept which has been put forward to address health inequalities and health deterioration in prisons. It has, however, not been fully discussed in relation to women in prison. The paper aims to distil the learning and evidence in relation to health promotion in female prisons using prison inspection reports of women's prisons in England and Wales., Methods: Prison inspection reports are one way of ascertaining the contemporary situation in prisons. Prison inspections are often unannounced and use a myriad of methods to draw conclusions around various aspects of prison life. Thirteen prison inspection reports were analysed thematically focusing on health promotion within the institutions. Two analysts conducted the work using NVivo 12., Results: Five core thematic areas were identified during the analysis of the reports. Saliently, a joined-up approach to health promotion was not a common feature in the prisons and indeed the focus tended to be on screening and 'lifestyle issues' rather than a concern for the underlying determinants of health. There was often an absence of a strategic approach to health promotion. There were some good examples of the democratic inclusion of women in prison in shaping services, but this was not widespread and often tokenistic. There were some examples of inequity and the inspection reports from a small number of institutions, illustrated that the health needs of some women remained unmet., Conclusions: The paper suggests that there is potentially some work before conditions in women's prisons could be described as 'health-promoting', although there are some examples of individual prisons demonstrating good practice. The health promoting prison movement has, implicitly at least, focused on the needs of men in prison and this has been to the exclusion of the female prison population. This does lead to several challenges and the potential for exacerbating health challenges faced by an already marginalised and vulnerable group. Greater focus on the health promotion needs of women in prison is required., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

There is growing evidence to suggest that men are at increased risk of premature death from a broad range of health conditions. With the government's mandate to reduce premature death, it is necessary to have an understanding of the health challenges faced by men. This article provides an overview of mortality data for men and women aged 15-64, with a focus on those aged 15-54, in England and Wales during 2011. Mortality data are viewed in relation to the main reasons for premature death in the male population. Initiatives aimed at addressing the health and social care needs of men are identified to raise awareness of the importance of targeting this population to reduce premature mortality.

Aim: To evaluate the quality assurance model for nursing education in the United Kingdom (UK) for the first nine months after the inception in 2002 of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)., Method: A specially designed questionnaire was administered to representatives of higher education institutions where nurse education took place and representatives of the NMC in all four countries of the UK., Results: Quality assurance activity had taken place across the UK, mostly in the shape of validation events. Quality assurance events proceeded largely as expected by higher education and NMC representatives. There was a statistically significant trend towards greater preparedness and knowledge for validation and satisfaction with the new quality assurance procedures in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland compared with England., Conclusion: At the time of this study the new quality assurance procedures were less than 12 months old and there may have been resistance to change in England where the changes were greatest.

This study examined the inter-relationships between employment status, employment experiences, background, educational and epilepsy-related variables in a community sample of 1709 people with epilepsy in England and Wales. A postal questionnaire yielded information which included attitudes to careers advice, experiences with fellow employees and management when in work, experiences of being questioned about epilepsy, and the perceived effect of having epilepsy on employment prospects. In a principal components analysis, a factor of 'employability' was identified that had high loadings for educational qualifications, socioeconomic status and employment history. Good employability was found to be related to perceptions that epilepsy had little or no effect on job prospects, good experiences with work colleagues and management, low seizure severity and good seizure control. Further data analyses which focused on people's actual employment histories confirmed the importance of past experiences in employment, educational qualifications, seizure severity and seizure frequency for distinguishing between groups. The study findings are discussed and, taken together, they imply that quality of medical care, employability and good employment history are interconnected in important ways.