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The runoff change in a large river is significant for hydrological event monitoring, such as floods and droughts. In this paper, we attempt to invert the river flow change based on the surface displacements observed by the continuous global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River (WYR). We establish a two‐dimensional model accounting for deformation from a line load in an elastic half‐space to estimate the annual water load change from the GNSS data. The results show that the inverted line load from the annual maximum displacement change observed by the GNSS is Ne=2.30×108N·m−1 ${N}_{e}=2.30\times {10}^{8}\mathrm{N}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$, which is in good agreement with the river load from the hydrological station. This paper demonstrates a low‐cost and practical method to river flow research in local areas, which is also a creative application for the GNSS. Plain Language Summary: The runoff change in large rivers is an important element for flood and drought monitoring. Hydrological stations are used to monitor the water load change. Because of the high cost of construction and maintenance, there are few hydrological stations in most areas, and the unpredictable noise of hydrological stations influences the stability and precision of the results. We use the vertical displacements observed by the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) to estimate the river load and find that the results agree with the calculated water load change from hydrological stations. Thus, the GNSS can be an alternative for runoff change research, with low cost and high efficiency. In this study, we find a new application for the GNSS to water runoff change in local areas. Key Points: We propose a new method for estimate the river load change using the continuous global navigation satellite system (GNSS) dataA simple two‐dimensional line load on Elastic half‐space can invert the river load with considerable accuracy in local areasThe forward modeling prove that the modeled displacement agrees with the observed displacement from the GNSS [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonic metastases of lung adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (SRCA) has not been described in patients with gastrointestinal metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. SRCA is a unique subtype of adenocarcinoma with strong invasion and a poor prognosis, and most SRCA found in the lung are due to gastrointestinal metastases. This report describes a rare case of colonic metastasis from primary lung SRCA. A 64-year-old female was admitted to Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center for feeling of nausea and malaise. Following a positron emission tomography CT (PET-CT) scan, widespread metastases of tumor cells were found in the bilateral lung, liver, bone, and multiple lymph nodes, but there was no evidence of metastasis to the colon. Two months later, the patient received a liver biopsy at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan. Pathology revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with SRCA conformation, but immunohistochemical staining did not identify the original source of tumor cells. Considering that SRCA mainly derives from the gastrointestinal tract and that serum gastrointestinal tumor markers were elevated, we performed gastrointestinal endoscopy on the patient. The results showed an isolated polyp in the colon, and the pathology results indicated a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma that was considered to originate from the lung based on immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, genetic tests identified a BRAF V600E mutation. The final diagnosis was colonic metastasis of BRAFV 600E mutated lung SRCA. Considering the positive expression of EGFR in this case, cetuximab was innovatively added to the first-line treatment regime (dabrafenib and trametinib). To date, the patient has received thirty-two weeks of treatment. Interestingly, lung and liver tumors shrank and tumor markers in the blood normalized. Our findings offer valuable diagnostic and therapeutic information for colonic metastasis of BRAFV600E mutant primary lung adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and relevant prevention and control measures may affect the mental health and induce depressive symptoms in fathers with concurrent partner delivery exposure. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression in fathers with simultaneous exposure to COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of family functions on paternal perinatal depression (PPD) risk. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the perinatal fathers recruited in a large tertiary hospital in Wuhan across the whole pandemic period from 31 December 2019 to 11 April 2020. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and APGAR family function scale were used to evaluate PPD and family function, respectively. Chi-square test and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model were applied for data analysis. Results: Among the 1187 participants, the prevalence of PPD was 13.82% throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with that in the time period before the announcement of human-to-human transmission on 19 January 2020, the depression risk was significantly lower during the traffic restriction (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.86) and public transportation reopening periods (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.59). Poor/fair family functions was associated with elevated depression risk (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.90, 4.52). Individuals reporting a low family income and smoking had high depression risks. Conclusions: A declined risk of PPD was observed over the traffic restriction period of the COVID-19 pandemic. An improved family function may help alleviate the risk of PPD during the pandemic. Health authorities are recommended to formulate targeted prevention and control strategies to handle PPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate perinatal depression in women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, and to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on perinatal depression prevalence. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted into women hospitalized for delivery in Hubei Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from December 31, 2019 to March 22, 2020, a period which encompasses the entire time frame of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was adopted to evaluate perinatal depression status. A Chi-square test and logistic regression model were utilized for data analysis. Results: A total of 2,883 participants were included, 33.71% of whom were found to suffer from depressive symptoms. In detail, 27.02%, 5.24%, and 1.46% were designated as having mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms, respectively. The perinatal depression prevalence increased as the COVID-19 pandemic worsened. Compared to the period from December 31, 2019 to January 12, 2020, perinatal depression risk significantly decreased within the 3 weeks of March 2–22, 2020 (1st week: OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.78; 2nd week: OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.73; and 3rd week: OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.94); and the postnatal depression risk significantly rose within the four weeks of January 27-February 23, 2020 (1st week: OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.68; 2nd week: OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.35, 3.04; 3rd week: OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.14; and 4th week: OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.48). Conclusion: The dynamic change of perinatal depression was associated with the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic among new mothers who were exposed to the pandemic. An elevated risk of postnatal depression was also observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathophysiology of osteoporosis (OP) is influenced by exposure to nonessential harmful metals and insufficient or excessive intake of necessary metals. Investigating multiple plasma metals, metabolites, and OP risk among older adults may reveal novel clues of underlying mechanisms for metal toxicity on bone mass. A total of 294 adults ≥ 55 years from Wuhan communities were included. Plasma concentrations of 23 metals and metabolites were measured via inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and global metabolite detection. To investigate the relationships between plasma metals, OP risk, and OP-related metabolites, three different statistical techniques were used: generalized linear regression model, two-way orthogonal partial least-squares analysis (O2PLS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS). The mean ages were 66.82 and 66.21 years in OP (n = 115) and non-OP (n = 179) groups, respectively. Of all 2999 metabolites detected, 111 differential between-group members were observed. The OP risk decreased by 58.5% (OR=0.415, 95% CI: 0.237, 0.727) per quartile increment in the WQS index indicative of metal mixture exposure. Consistency remained for bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. The O2PLS model identified the top five OP-related metabolites, namely, DG(18:2_22:6), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, TG(16:1_16:1_22:6), TG(16:0_16:0_20:4), and TG(14:1_18:2_18:3), contributing most to the joint covariation between the metal mixture and metabolites. Significant correlations between each of them and the metal mixture were found using WQS regression. Furthermore, the five metabolites mediated the associations of the metal mixtures, BMD, and OP risk. Our findings shed additional light on the mediation functions of plasma metabolites in the connection between multiple metal co-exposure and OP pathogenesis and offer new insights into the probable mechanisms underpinning the bone effects of the metal mixture. [Display omitted] • Mechanisms behind essential and non-essential metals mixture on bone still unclear. • Untargeted metabolomics approach was used to provide clues • Mixtures of essential and non-essential metals affect osteoporosis (OP). • Mixtures of essential and non-essential metals affect OP-related metabolites. • Metabolites cloud mediate the associations of metal mixtures and OP risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnancy is an important stimulus of bone lead release. Elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes for mothers and harmful lead effects on fetuses. However, the reports about maternal BLL changes during pregnancy are conflicting to some extent. This article is to explore the variations in BLLs among pregnant women. The relationships of BLLs with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T, A1298C, and G1793A polymorphisms, which are associated with bone resorption, were also studied. A total of 973 women, including 234, 249, and 248 women in their first, second, and third trimesters, respectively, and 242 non-pregnant women, were recruited at the Wuhan Women and Children Medical Health Center. Methods: BLLs were determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of MTHFR were identified with the TaqMan probe method. Results: The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of BLLs was 16.2 (1.78) μg/L for all participants. All the studied MTHFR alleles were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Multiple-linear regression analysis revealed the following results. Among the pregnant women, those that carried MTHFR 677CC (i.e. wild-genotype homozygote) and 1298CC (i.e. mutant-genotype homozygote) exhibited higher BLLs than those that carried 677CT/TT (standardized β = 0.074, P = 0.042) and 1298AC/AA (standardized β = 0.077, P = 0.035) when other covariates (e.g., age, no. of children, education and income, etc.) were adjusted. The BLLs of pregnant women consistently decreased during the pregnancy and these levels positively correlated with BMI (standard β = 0.086–0.096, P<0.05). Conclusions: The 1298CC mutant-type homozygote in the MTHFR gene is a risk factor for high BLLs among low-level environmental lead-exposed Chinese pregnant women, whose BLLs consistently decreased during gestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The rollout of 5G still faces challenges in constructing cellular networks. • We coupled heuristic algorithm with GIS to maximize the service coverage of 5G base stations. • A service coverage model is designed to spatially explicit simulate the propagation of 5G signals. • The developed model can facilitate the rollout of 5G technology. Due to the high propagation loss and blockage-sensitive characteristics of millimeter waves (mmWaves), constructing fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks involves deploying ultra-dense base stations (BSs) to achieve satisfactory communication service coverage. However, ultra-densely deployed BSs are associated with extremely high construction and operation costs for 5G cellular networks. Reducing the construction cost and decreasing the energy consumption of BSs under the premise of ensuring the quality and coverage of services have become major challenges for the rollout of 5G technology. Essentially, the location optimization of 5G BSs can be regarded as a type of maximum coverage location problem (MCLP). Hence, this study coupled geographic information system (GIS) and a heuristic optimization algorithm to spatially explicit simulate the propagation of 5G signals and to optimize the service coverage of 5G BSs. The developed model was applied to search for the optimal solutions in 5G cellular network planning for an urban outdoor area in Wuhan, China. The optimal solutions and comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed model can provide reasonable and robust results to support 5G cellular network planning. Therefore, this approach can help address the cost and energy consumption challenges faced in constructing 5G infrastructures and facilitate the rollout of 5G technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strontium is receiving widespread attention due to its remarkable biological qualities in preventing bone resorption and fostering osteogenesis. However, the chemical processes behind strontium's dual activities on bone cells are not yet fully understood. This study used the metabolomic technique to identify and examine potential biomarkers between strontium exposure and osteoporosis (OP) risk. A total of 806 participants were recruited for the detection of plasma strontium content via inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Plasma metabolites were profiled in 254 participants through an untargeted metabolomics technique. Generalized linear models were primarily used to analyze associations among plasma strontium, metabolites, and OP. The mediating effects of metabolites on the strontium–OP association were further investigated. A total of 31 differential metabolites were observed, 10 of which were upregulated and 21 were downregulated in the OP group compared with the non-OP group. Five metabolites (3-phenoxybenzoic acid, Cer (t18:0/16:1), HexCer(t16:1/12:1(2OH)), HexCer(t14:2/18:1(2OH)), and TG(16:0–18:1–24:4)) were selected as potential mediators based on their significant association with OP risk and with femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). Moreover, all except TG(16:0–18:1–24:4) were involved in the OP discrimination model with excellent power combined with several traditional variables. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid and Cer(t18:0/16:1) had significant indirect effects on the strontium–OP association. The five candidate metabolites mediated 83.79 % of the strontium–OP association. Plasma strontium level was associated with reduced OP risk in the Han population in Wuhan. Thus, plasma metabolite profiling revealed five BMD/OP-associated metabolites that acted as mediators in the strontium–OP association. Our findings provided evidence of the mediating role of host plasma metabolites in strontium's effect on OP pathology. [Display omitted] • Strontium contributes to reduced osteoporosis (OP) risk in Chinese population. • Plasma metabolites are associated with OP risk and bone mineral density. • Candidate metabolites exert improved prediction performance for OP risk. • Candidate metabolites mediate a total of 83.79 % of the strontium–OP association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human beings are extensively and concurrently exposed to multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs, including some Class I human carcinogens), which may induce oxidative stress in human body. Data on urinary metabolites of VOCs (mVOCs) among young children are limited. No studies have examined their inter-day variability of mVOCs and their associations with oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs) using repeated urine samples from children. In this study, we measured twenty one mVOCs and three OSBs [8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; for DNA), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG; for RNA], and 4-hydroxy nonenal mercapturic acid (HNEMA; for lipid)] in 390 urine samples of 130 children (three samples on three consecutive days provided by each participant) aged 0–7 years from September 2018 to January 2019 in Shenzhen, south China, and Wuhan, central China. HPMMA (3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl mercapturic acid/N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)- l -cysteine), 3HPMA (3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid/N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)- l -cysteine), and ATCA (2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid) had higher specific gravity-adjusted median concentrations (1 383, 286, and 273 μg/L, respectively) than the others. Intraclass correlation coefficients of mVOCs ranged from 0.29 to 0.71. After false-discovery rate (FDR, defined as FDR q -value < 0.05) adjustment, linear mixed-effects models revealed that 14 mVOCs were positively associated with 8-OHdG (β range: 0.09–0.37), 11 mVOCs were positively associated with 8-OHG (β range: 0.08–0.30), and 11 mVOCs were positively associated with HNEMA (β range: 0.21–0.70) in urine. Considering the weight of the mVOC index accounted for the associations, based on the weighted quantile sum regression model, parent compounds of DHBMA (3,4-dihydroxybutyl mercapturic acid/N-Acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)- l -cysteine) and t,t-MA (trans,trans -muconic acid) should be listed as priority VOCs for management to mitigate health risks. For the first time, this study characterized the inter-day variability of urinary mVOCs and their associations with selected OSBs (8-OHdG, 8-OHG, and NHEMA) in young, healthy Chinese children. [Display omitted] • First to characterize the profile of urinary mVOCs in Chinese infants and toddler. • Inter-day variability of the mVOCs among young children was evaluated. • Over ten mVOCs were positively associated with 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, and HNEMA. • DHBMA was the major contributor in elevated 8-OHdG and 8-OHG. • t,t-MA was the major contributor in elevated HNEMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]