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To realize the high‐efficiency utilization of iron‐rich coal, it is necessary to conduct in‐depth research on the ash fusion characteristics and regulation mechanism. In this paper, the ash fusion temperature test of iron‐rich coal in Xinjiang (ZC) under different atmospheres was first carried out. Then, red mud (HJ) from Huajin Aluminum Industry and black water pipe scale (GDG) were selected as the additives. After the same ashing procedure, the two additives were mixed with iron‐rich coal ash in different proportions to realize the regulation of the chemical composition of the coal ash to improve the ash fusion characteristic. The ash fusion temperature (AFT) experiment was carried out in the automatic ash melting point analyzer, and high‐temperature ash melting slags at different temperatures were prepared. The mineral phases of coal ash and slag were characterized by XRD and compared with the Factsage simulation calculation results to reveal the influence mechanism of coal ash fusion temperature. The result shows that the fusion temperature of ZC iron‐rich coal ash is significantly different between oxidizing atmosphere and weak reducing atmosphere. Compared with the oxidizing atmosphere, the four characteristic temperatures of ZC iron‐rich coal ash are significantly lower under weak reducing conditions, and the difference is about 150°C. The addition of red mud and pipeline scale increased the fusion temperature of ZC coal ash to varying degrees. The addition of HJ ash has little effect on the deformation temperature of ZC coal ash, while the addition of different proportions of HJ ash significantly increases the flow temperature of ZC coal ash. When the addition ratio of HJ ash is 40%, the flow temperature FT of ZC coal ash increases most obviously, which is about 50°C. The addition of HJ ash and GDG ash will lead to an increase in the content of iron‐containing spinel, thereby increasing the ash flow temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize the high‐efficiency utilization of iron‐rich coal (ZC), it is necessary to conduct in‐depth research on its ash fusion characteristics and regulation mechanism. In this paper, the fusion temperature test of ZC coal ash was first carried out in a weak reducing atmosphere, and diatomite (GZT) and Naomaohu high‐calcium coal (NMH) were selected as additives. The results show that the four characteristic temperatures of ZC coal ash are all low under weak reducing conditions. The addition of NMH ash lowered the fusion temperature of ZC coal ash, while the GZT ash increased the fusion temperature to varying degrees. When the addition ratio of NMH ash is less than 40 %, the effect of increasing the difference between the deformation temperature and flow temperature of ZC coal ash is still positive. The addition of NMH ash made the slag system generate a high content of calcium‐magnesium feldspar and calcium‐iron feldspar, decreasing the fusion temperature of the blended coal ash. The addition of GZT ash increased the content of SiO2 in the slag system and promoted the increase of the iron‐pyroxene content, and the formation of the iron‐aluminum pyroxene and cordierite mineral phases, thereby increasing the coal ash fusion temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taraxacum kok‐saghyz Rodin (TKS) is an important potential alternative source of natural inulin and rubber production, which has great significance for the production of industrial products. In this study, we sequenced 58 wild TKS individuals collected from four different geography regions worldwide to elucidate the population structure, genetic diversity, and the patterns of evolution. Also, the first flowering time, crown diameter, morphological characteristics of leaf, and scape of all TKS individuals were measured and evaluated statistically. Phylogenetic analysis based on SNPs and cluster analysis based on agronomic traits showed that all 58 TKS individuals could be roughly divided into three distinct groups: (a) Zhaosu County in Xinjiang (population AB, including a few individuals from population C and D); (b) Tekes County in Xinjiang (population C); and (c) Tuzkol lake in Kazakhstan (population D). Population D exhibited a closer genetic relationship with population C compared with population AB. Genetic diversity analysis further revealed that population expansion from C and D to AB occurred, as well as gene flow between them. Additionally, some natural selection regions were identified in AB population. Function annotation of candidate genes identified in these regions revealed that they mainly participated in biological regulation processes, such as transporter activity, structural molecule activity, and molecular function regulator. We speculated that the genes identified in selective sweep regions may contribute to TKS adaptation to the Yili River Valley of Xinjiang. In general, this study provides new insights in clarifying population structure and genetic diversity analysis of TKS using SNP molecular markers and agronomic traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]