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Impatiens spiralis, a new species of Balsaminaceae from Hekou County, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is similar to I. hongkongensis, but differs in its obovate‐lanceolate or oblong lamina, without glands at base, spirally curved spur and dorsal petal suborbicular or oblate. Moreover, a phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ITS and plastid atpB‐rbcL suggests that the new species should be placed in I. subg. Clavicarpa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impatiens shangjiangensis Y.Y. Cong & J.Z. Gu, a new species of Balsaminaceae from Lushui County, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to I. bahanensis, but differs from it in having bigger flowers, a curved-saccate lower sepal, and a reniform dorsal petal. Pollen grains are also different in the two species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impatiens rapiformis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Malipo County, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is superficially similar to I. apalophylla, I. malipoensis and I. guizhouensis, but differs by having cylindric or subfusiform root tuber, elliptic or obovate‐oblong leaf blades and falcate outer lateral sepals. The characters of its seed micromorphology and pollen morphology under SEM are given. A preliminary molecular phylogenetic study suggests that I. rapiformis should be placed in I. subg. Clavicarpa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Summarized the practice of combined national park protection around the world. • Analyzed spatial patterns of 87 protected areas in the Greater Shangri-La region. • Proposed screening framework for national park agglomerations. • The framework covers ecosystem, landscape, culture, distance, and management. National park agglomerations are a collection of multiple types of regional protected areas, and these agglomerations are of great importance for giving play to the functions of various ecosystem services in protected areas, establishing ecological corridors, and improving the level of regional ecological protection. The Greater Shangri-La region is located at the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet Provinces in China and is in the transition zone of two major biogeographical regions, the Palearctic and Indo-Malay regions, with numerous and rich types of protected areas. This study summarizes the practice of combined national park protection globally, analyzes the spatial pattern of 87 protected areas in the Greater Shangri-La region, proposes a framework for the spatial identification and screening of national park agglomerations based on ecoregions, and establishes the ecosystem, landscape type, cultural heritage, spatial distance, and protection management used as indicators for the screening framework of national park agglomerations. Five national park agglomerations, namely, Three Parallel Rivers, Shaluli Mountain-Daxue Mountain, Southeast Tibetan Plateau, Liangshan Mountain, and Panxi Rift, are present in this area, covering 52 protected areas, with characteristics of spatial agglomeration, diverse types, and natural and cultural heritage-rich features. These results help improve the environmental protection system in the Greater Shangri-La region and better promote the construction of national park agglomerations in other places of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]