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Objective To systematically analyze and explore the influencing factors of insufficient physical activity of the rural elderly based on the health ecology model, so as to provide empirical basis for the health management of the rural elderly. Methods By using the method of multi -stage sampling and convenient sampling, 812 rural elderly people from 5 cities in Zhejiang Province were selected from July to November, 2022. General data physical activity questionnaire -short form (I-PAQ-sf) and Geriatric Depression scale (GDS-15) were used for investigation. Results The rate of insufficient physical activity in 812 rural elderly was 42.73%. Stratified regression analysis showed that age 3 80 years old (OR =1.771, 95% CI: 1.418-1.99& P=0.045), depressive symptoms (OR=1364, 95%CI: 1.062-1,615, P=0.001), grip strength (0R=1,747, 95%CI: 1.415-1.987, P=0,001), moderate and severe pain (OR=2.089, 95%CI: 1.862-2.282, P=0.011), and monthly income < 1 000 yuan (OR=1.645, 95%CI: 1395-1.827, P=0.024) were the main influencing factor of insufficient physical activity of the elderly in rural areas. Conclusion Health care workers should strengthen the healthy education and guidance of physical activity for the elderly in rural areas with advanced age, depressive symptoms, decreased grip strength, moderate and severe pain, and low income, so as to reduce the occurrence of lack of physical activity in rural elderly, cultivate their regular physical activity habits, and improve the quality of life of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]