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1. Relationship between periparturient diseases, metabolic markers and the dynamics of hair cortisol concentrations in dairy cows

Author

Tekin, M, Câmara, D R, Binz, T M, Bruckmaier, R M, Bollwein, H, and Wagener, K

Subjects
630 Agriculture, General Veterinary
Abstract

Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) might represent a promising marker for retrospective welfare assessment of dairy cows. The objective of the study was to explore the dynamics of HCC in diseased and healthy cows from eight-week ante partum (AP) to eight-week post partum (PP). Twenty-four pregnant cows were followed from drying off to week eight PP. Tail hair was used to measure cortisol at five different time points. The occurrence of peripartum diseases, lameness and the body condition score (BCS) were monitored on a weekly basis. Blood β-hydroxybutyric acid, non-esterified fatty acids, calcium and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations were measured. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was continuously recorded. The median values of HCC in all cows were 0.4, 0.3, 0.6, 0.8 and 0.5 pg/mg at weeks eight, four AP, calving, weeks four, eight PP, respectively. There was no association between HCC and the occurrence of peripartum diseases (P ≥ 0.05). A positive correlation between HCC and BCS loss (P

Published
2023

2. Examining the catching, carrying, and crating process during depopulation of end-of-lay hens

Author

C. Gerpe, A. Stratmann, R. Bruckmaier, and M.J. Toscano

Subjects
depopulation, laying hen, animal welfare, fracture, stress, fearfulness, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Summary: Laying hen flocks undergo depopulation at end of lay, a difficult process that has been associated with injuries and is considered stressful to hens and human collectors. To date, most assessments of depopulations have been conducted within cage housing systems, layers, or noncage broilers, thus offering little relevance to noncage laying hen systems including aviaries. Given that the predominant housing systems in Switzerland are multitier aviaries and their growing popularity in general, our study was undertaken to establish a baseline for hen injuries and stress as well as the experience of human workers during depopulation. For the effort, a total of 15 individual farms were visited, and a battery of assessments was made on a total of 603 individual end-of-lay hens. In addition, potentially influential factors such as time of day, handling duration, or time into depopulation were recorded and analyzed. The results suggest that approximately 8.1% of hens sustain severe injuries (i.e., fractures and muscle damage) or exhibit a considerable stress reaction (i.e., increased corticosterone levels), whereas 90% of laying hens are only mildly affected.

Published
2021
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3. Disturbed bovine mitochondrial lipid metabolism: a review

Author

J. H. (Han) van der Kolk, J. J. Gross, V. Gerber, and R. M. Bruckmaier

Subjects
Bovine, cow, ketosis, review, fatty acid oxidation, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

In mammals, excess energy is stored primarily as triglycerides, which are mobilized when energy demands arise and cannot be covered by feed intake. This review mainly focuses on the role of long chain fatty acids in disturbed energy metabolism of the bovine species. Long chain fatty acids regulate energy metabolism as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Carnitine acts as a carrier of fatty acyl groups as long-chain acyl-CoA derivatives do not penetrate the mitochondrial inner membrane. There are two different types of disorders in lipid metabolism which can occur in cattle, namely the hypoglycaemic-hypoinsulinaemic and the hyperglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic type with the latter not always associated with ketosis. There is general agreement that fatty acid β-oxidation capability is limited in the liver of (ketotic) cows. In accord, supplemental L-carnitine decreased liver lipid accumulation in periparturient Holstein cows. Of note, around parturition concurrent oxidation of fatty acids in skeletal muscle is highly activated. Also peroxisomal β-oxidation in liver of dairy cows may be part of the hepatic adaptations to a negative energy balance (NEB) to break down fatty acids. An elevated blood concentration of nonesterified fatty acids is one of the indicators of NEB in cattle among others like increased β-hydroxy butyrate concentration, and decreased concentrations of glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I. Assuming that liver carnitine concentrations might limit hepatic fatty acid oxidation capacity in dairy cows, further study of the role of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and/or riboflavin in bovine ketosis is warranted.

Published
2017
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5. Successful dietary support of a dog diagnosed with Lafora disease - a case report

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Gerstner, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-4122, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), and Gerstner, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-4122

Published
2021

6. Futtermittel für Wildtiere - Für Tiere? Oder Mensch?

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Gimmel, Angela, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), and Gimmel, Angela

Published
2021

7. Futtermittel für Pferde mit Mehrwert

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), and Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927

Published
2021

8. Nutritional approach to a multimorbid cat with urolithiasis and food intolorance

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Opsomer, Han, Gerstner, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-4122, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Opsomer, Han, and Gerstner, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-4122

Published
2021

9. Neueste Daten zur Zinkversorgung bei monogastrischen Nutztieren

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berardi, R, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berardi, R ( R ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Brugger, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-0335, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berardi, R, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berardi, R ( R ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), and Brugger, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-0335

Published
2021

10. Evalution of the nutritional content of the ration and bone density measurement in early bred gilts suffering from lameness in a pig farm in Switzerland. A case report.

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Giordanella, Antonia, Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Giordanella, Antonia, and Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927

Published
2021

11. Methanemissionen von Geflügel – eine Pilotstudie mit Broilern

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, Susanne E; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-3869, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( Susanne E ), Terranova, Melissa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4152-8429, Amelchanka, Sergej L, Jendly, R, Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Berard, J, Ulbrich, Susanne E; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-3869, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Berard, J ( J ), Ulbrich, S E ( Susanne E ), Terranova, Melissa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4152-8429, Amelchanka, Sergej L, Jendly, R, and Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207

Published
2021

19. Crossbred Sows Fed a Western Diet during Pre-Gestation, Gestation, Lactation, and Post-Lactation Periods Develop Signs of Lean Metabolic Syndrome That Are Partially Attenuated by Spirulina Supplementation

Author

Lugarà, R, Renner, S, Wolf, Eckhard, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, Giller, Katrin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-4548, Lugarà, R, Renner, S, Wolf, Eckhard, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5890, and Giller, Katrin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-4548

Abstract

Excessive dietary intake of fats and sugars ("Western diet", WD) is one of the leading causes of obesity. The consumption of the microalga Arthrospira platensis (spirulina, Sp) is increasing due to its presumed health benefits. Both WD and Sp are also consumed by pregnant and breastfeeding women. This study investigated if gestating and lactating domestic pigs are an appropriate model for WD-induced metabolic disturbances similar to those observed in humans and if Sp supplementation may attenuate any of these adverse effects. Pigs were fed a WD high in fat, sugars, and cholesterol or a control diet. Half of the animals per diet group were supplemented with 20 g Sp per day. The WD did not increase body weight or adipose tissue accumulation but led to metabolic impairments such as higher cholesterol concentration in plasma, lower IGF1 plasma levels, and signs of hepatic damage compared to the control group. Spirulina supplementation could not reduce all the metabolic impairments observed in WD-fed animals. These findings indicate limited suitability of gestating and lactating domestic pigs as a model for WD but a certain potential of low-dose Sp supplementation to partially attenuate negative WD effects.

Published
2022

27. Was sind die Abgangsursachen bei Mastkaninchen zu Beginn der Mast und wie kann dies durch spezielle Futterzusätze verhindert werden? - eine Darstellung erster Vorergebnisse

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Müller, Clarissa, Albini, Sarah, Schädler, J, Bolt, R, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Müller, Clarissa, Albini, Sarah, Schädler, J, and Bolt, R

Published
2019

28. Selenüberversorung und Vitamin E-Unterversorgung bei einem Pferd mit Leistungsschwäche - ein Fallbericht

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Seghers, T, Gimmel, Angela, Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Seghers, T, Gimmel, Angela, and Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927

Published
2019

29. Spontane Beinbrüche bei Ziegen: Folge eines Kupfermangels?

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Gangnat, Isabelle; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8148-3830, Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927, Nuss, Karl; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-792X, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Gangnat, Isabelle; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8148-3830, Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927, and Nuss, Karl; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-792X

Published
2019

30. Mineralstoffhomöostase, Nachweismöglichkeiten und Probleme der Mineralstoffversorung in der Praxis - mögliche prophylaktische Massnahmen gegen die damit verbundenen Krankheiten

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, A, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, A ( A ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, A, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, A ( A ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), and Ulbrich, S E ( S E )

Published
2019

31. Nutrition consultation for a dog suffering from cacium oxalate urolithiasis fed on a vegan diet - a case report

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Giordanella, Antonia, Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927, Gerstner, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-4122, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Giordanella, Antonia, Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927, and Gerstner, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-4122

Published
2019

32. Der Zusammenhang von Body Condition Score und Körperfettgehalt sowie Body Condition Score und Blutglucose bei Katzen

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Rigotti, Rahel, Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927, Frey, D, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Rigotti, Rahel, Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927, and Frey, D

Published
2019

33. Herausforderung der Diätetik durch multiple Erkrankungen

Author

Kreuzer, M, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( M ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927, Gimmel, Angela, Kreuzer, M, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( M ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Wichert, Brigitta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0927, and Gimmel, Angela

Published
2019

34. Prophylaxe der Cystinsteinbildung bei einem Hund mit der Fütterung einer hausgemachten Ration

Author

Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), Gerstner, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-4122, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Lanzini, T, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Bruckmaier, R, Hess, H D, Ulbrich, S E, Kreuzer, M ( Michael ), Lanzini, T ( T ), Liesegang, A ( Annette ), Bruckmaier, R ( R ), Hess, H D ( H D ), Ulbrich, S E ( S E ), and Gerstner, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-4122

Published
2019

35. Physiological and behavioural effects of changeover from conventional to automatic milking in dairy cows with and without previous experience

Author

D. Weiss, E. Moestl, and R. M. Bruckmaier

Subjects
automatic milking, behaviour, coping, cortisol, dairy cow, experience, heart rate, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

The effects of the changeover from conventional parlour to an automatic milking system (AMS) on behaviour and physiological parameters in dairy cows with and without previous experience in AMS milking were investigated. Heart rate increase was higher in unexperienced cows (UC) than in experienced cows (EC) during the first AMS visit (31 ± 2 and 12 ± 2 beats per min, respectively, P < 0.05). EC entered the automatic milking stall voluntarily without any intervention by the staff. In contrast, in UC the rate of voluntary visits was 4, 26, 40, 49, 63, 72, 76, 89, 91 and 94% during the first 10 d of AMS milking, respectively. Faecal cortisol metabolites were not affected by the changeover. In UC milk ejection was disturbed during the first visits, i. e. mean milk yield at the first milking in the AMS was significantly lower as compared to that in the parlour (67 ± 7%, P < 0.05), whereas milk ejection in EC was not disturbed. The total milk yield of the first 15 milkings differed significantly in UC (87.3 ± 2.4%) and EC (108.8 ± 3.3%) as compared to previous parlour yields (P < 0.05). In conclusion, cows with previous experience to AMS milking did not need a new adaptation period in the AMS after a transient period of parlour milking. In contrast, UC do need an intensive adaptation to the AMS in order to minimise production loss. Data clearly demonstrate that an adequate adaptation is crucial for successful milk production in AMS.

Published
2005
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36. Fractionized milk composition in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis

Author

R. M Bruckmaier, C. E Ontsouka, and J. W Blum

Subjects
cows, machine milking, mastitis, somatic cell counts, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Mastitis is the inflammatory reaction of the udder to invading pathogens. One of the most apparent reactions is the increased influx of immunoreactive cells from blood into milk inducing a dramatic increase of milk somatic cell counts (SCC). We have investigated (i) the relationship between log SCC/ml in infected quarters being >6 (n = 8, group I) or varying between 5.4 and 6 (n = 8, group II) and concentration of dry matter (DM), fat, protein, lactose, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, insulin, prolactin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, sodium, potassium, chloride, electrical conductivity and osmolarity as compared with the contralateral (healthy) quarter (log SCC/ml

Published
2004
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43. Short communication: Comparative estimation of colostrum quality by Brix refractometry in bovine, caprine, and ovine colostrum

Author

Kessler, E. C., Bruckmaier, R. M., and Gross, J. J.

Subjects
fluids and secretions, animal diseases, food and beverages, 590 Animals (Zoology)
Abstract

Newborn ungulates depend on the timely supply of colostrum containing sufficient immunoglobulins to obtain passive immunity against disease. Brix refractometry enables a rapid on-farm estimation of colostrum quality and has been intensively studied in bovines. However, the suitability of Brix refractometers for assessing colostrum quality in goats and ewes has been scarcely evaluated. The present study compared bovine, caprine, and ovine colostrum quality estimation using an optical Brix refractometer. In addition, between-species variations in the relationships between Brix values and colostrum constituents (IgG, fat, protein, and lactose) and the accuracy of Brix refractometry at different cutoff values were evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We measured the Brix value and contents of IgG, fat, protein, and lactose in 324 colostrum samples (108 cows, 116 does, and 100 ewes). Thresholds for classification of good colostrum quality (as determined by ELISA) were set at 50 mg IgG/mL in cows and 20 mg/mL in does and ewes. Bovine colostrum showed the greatest IgG concentrations compared with caprine and ovine colostrum. Fat and protein content was higher in sheep colostrum compared with the other species, whereas the highest lactose concentrations were detected in goat colostrum. Brix values ranged from 11.4 to 34.6% (22.1 ± 4.2%; mean ± standard deviation), 15.4 to 40.0% (28.5 ± 6.8%), and 8.8 to 39.8% (21.6 ± 5.3%) in bovine, ovine, and caprine colostrum, respectively. In all 3 species, Brix was highly correlated with IgG and protein concentrations (cows, r = 0.83 and 0.98; goats, r = 0.83 and 0.89; sheep, r = 0.75 and 0.87). Optimal cutoff points for greatest accuracy of Brix measurements were 19.3% Brix in cows [with 87.1% sensitivity (Se) and 100% specificity (Sp)], 20.7% Brix in does (with 53.5% Se and 100% Sp), and 26.5% Brix in ewes (with 75% Se and 91.3% Sp). In conclusion, Brix refractometry is an acceptable tool for on-farm estimations of colostrum quality in does and ewes despite distinct between-species variations in colostrum composition.

Published
2021
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44. Free and bound cortisol, corticosterone, and metabolic adaptations during the early inflammatory response to an intramammary lipopolysaccharide challenge in dairy cows

Author

Gross, J. J., Schwinn, A.-C., and Bruckmaier, R. M.

Subjects
590 Animals (Zoology)
Abstract

Glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol and corticosterone, are key homeostatic regulators during metabolic and endocrine adaptations including inflammatory responses. Besides the established response of total cortisol (TC) concentrations during inflammatory processes in dairy cows, we investigated changes of corticosterone, free cortisol (FC), and serum albumin as the main protein of unspecific cortisol binding, in response to an intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Furthermore, we evaluated relationships of glucocorticoid responses with concomitant alterations of metabolites and their endocrine regulators, insulin and glucagon. Blood samples of 10 multiparous Holstein dairy cows (26.8 ± 3.4 d in milk, previous lactation yield: 7,601 ± 938 kg; mean ± SD) were obtained every 30 min up to 5 h after the LPS instillation, and rectal temperature and heart rate were measured in parallel. Corticosterone was measured by enzyme immunoassay, TC by radioimmunoassay, and the proportion of FC by ultrafiltration. A mixed model was used to evaluate differences within the investigated parameters among selected time points (0, 3.5, and 5 h relative to the intramammary LPS administration). Rectal temperature increased up to 41.6 ± 0.1°C at 5 h after the LPS application. Concentrations of TC and corticosterone increased until 3.5 h, and the proportion of FC relative to TC more than doubled until 3.5 h after LPS administration. Serum albumin concentration was reduced at 5 h compared with initial values, whereas concentrations of insulin, glucagon, and glucose were increased after 5 h compared with 0 h. In conclusion, the stimulation of the immune system by the intramammary LPS administration is accompanied by distinct metabolic and endocrine changes. Corticosterone and TC concentrations react similarly in response to the LPS challenge and earlier compared with metabolic adaptations. The increased need of active cortisol is covered by both increased secretion and a higher percentage of FC.

Published
2021
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45. Invited review: The role of the blood-milk barrier and its manipulation for the efficacy of the mammary immune response and milk production

Author

Wellnitz, O. and Bruckmaier, R. M.

Subjects
food and beverages, 570 Life sciences, biology
Abstract

The intact blood-milk barrier (BMB) prevents an uncontrolled exchange of soluble and cellular components between blood and milk in the mammary gland. It enables the sustainability of the optimal milk composition for the nourishment of the offspring. Endothelial cells, connective tissue, the basal membrane, and mainly the epithelial cells provide the semipermeability of this barrier, allowing only a selective transfer of components necessary for milk production. The epithelial cells are closely connected to each other by different formations, in which the tight junctions are the most critical for separating the milk-containing compartments from the surrounding extracellular fluid and vasculature. During mastitis, the integrity of the BMB is reduced. This facilitates the transfer of immune cells and immune factors such as antibodies from blood into milk. Simultaneously, the transfer of soluble blood constituents without an obvious immune function into milk is promoted. Furthermore, a reduced BMB integrity causes a loss of milk constituents into the blood circulation. Different mechanisms are responsible for the barrier impairment including tight junction opening, but also cell degradation. To promote the cure of mastitis, the targeted manipulation of the BMB permeability may be a tool to optimize the immune function of the mammary gland. An intensified opening of the BMB supports the antibody transfer from blood into milk, which is supposed to increase the contribution of the specific immune system in the immune defense. On the contrary, a fast closure of the BMB during the recovery from mastitis can accelerate the normalization of milk composition and milk yield. Various agents have been experimentally shown to either open (e.g., pathogens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oxytocin, calcium chelators) or close (e.g., glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, natural anti-inflammatory drugs) the BMB.

Published
2021
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46. A multicomponent herbal extract to treat subclinical ketosis of dairy cows

Author

Durrer, M., Mevissen, M., Holinger, M., Hamburger, M., Graf-Schiller, S., Mayer, P., Potterat, O., Bruckmaier, R., Walkenhorst, M., Durrer, M., Mevissen, M., Holinger, M., Hamburger, M., Graf-Schiller, S., Mayer, P., Potterat, O., Bruckmaier, R., and Walkenhorst, M.

Abstract

A multicomponent herbal extract was investigated in a field study in early lactating cows to treat subclinical ketosis in 16 Swiss dairy herds. Effects of the orally administered herbal extract (HE), containing Camellia sinensis, Cichorium intybus, Gentiana lutea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Taraxacum officinale, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Zingiber officinale, were compared to placebo and a positive control (sodium propionate (SP)). A total of 123 cows received one of the blinded preparations twice a day for five days. Three successive cases of the same ketosis severity within the same farm were distributed randomly to one of the three treatments. Cows were followed up for 14 days, starting at the 1st treatment. Milking time and treatment showed a significant interaction for milk acetone as ketosis indicator: SP led to an immediate decrease, whereas HE resulted in a delayed decrease, starting on day 7, reaching significantly lower milk acetone values on day 14 (3.17 mg/L, p=0.003) compared to placebo (4.89 mg/L). SP and placebo did not differ on day 14 (SP: 3.57, p=0.10). In conclusion, HE and SP are both likely to improve subclinical ketosis in dairy cows, however, probably by different modes of action [1].

Published
2021
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47. Pathogen dependent effects of high amounts of oxytocin on the bloodmilk barrier integrity during mastitis in dairy cows

Author

Strasser, Florian Johannes, Feldmann, M, Gross, J J, Müller, A T M, Pfingstner, H, Corti, S, Stephan, Roger; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-4762, Bollwein, Heiner, Bruckmaier, R M, Wellnitz, O; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5817-3428, Strasser, Florian Johannes, Feldmann, M, Gross, J J, Müller, A T M, Pfingstner, H, Corti, S, Stephan, Roger; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-4762, Bollwein, Heiner, Bruckmaier, R M, and Wellnitz, O; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5817-3428

Abstract

English Pathogen dependent effects of high amounts of oxytocin on the bloodmilk barrier integrity during mastitis in dairy cows The reduction of antibiotic use in food producing animals becomes increasingly important. Therefore, suitable alternatives for mastitis treatment in dairy cows have to be considered. Oxytocin (OT) induces milk ejection and hence supports milk removal from infected mammary quarters. Beyond udder emptying, the injection of very high dosages of OT causes increased somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk and enables the transfer of immunoglobulins (Ig) from blood into milk through a reduced blood-milk barrier integrity. The aim of the present study was to investigate pathogen-specific changes of SCC, the blood derived milk components lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum albumin (SA), and IgG in milk of cows suffering from mastitis caused by different pathogens treated with two intravenous injections of high dosages of OT (100 IU). Milk samples from 184 dairy cows from different farms were collected on day 1 (day of clinical examination and mastitis diagnosis) and on days 2, 3, 14, and 28. Bacteriological examination (day 1) identified involved pathogens. Cows were randomly assigned to treatment (OT injections on days 1 and 2) or control group (no OT). Independently of the assigned experimental group, cows received the common therapy protocol of the veterinary practice after sample collection if the general condition was affected. Milk SCC, LDH, SA, and IgG changed specifically depending on involved pathogens. Highest values of all three parameters were measured in mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis. Changes were less pronounced with other Streptococci spp., Staphylococci spp. or Corynebacterium bovis. Oxytocin treatment did not affect any of the studied parameters independent of the involved pathogen. Only in quarters infected with Staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus a decreased SCC and increased IgG concentrations in quarters, where no

Published
2021

48. Intrauterine infusion of killed semen adversely affects uterine blood flow and endometrial gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in mares susceptible to persistent breeding-induced endometritis

Author

Lüttgenau, J, Imboden, I, Wellnitz, O, Romer, R, Scaravaggi, Iside, Neves, A P, Borel, Nicole; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1556-9262, Bruckmaier, R M, Janett, Fredi, Bollwein, Heiner, Lüttgenau, J, Imboden, I, Wellnitz, O, Romer, R, Scaravaggi, Iside, Neves, A P, Borel, Nicole; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1556-9262, Bruckmaier, R M, Janett, Fredi, and Bollwein, Heiner

Abstract

Persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) is a leading cause of infertility in mares. The objective of the study was to assess genital perfusion and endometrial gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in mares classified as susceptible (n = 5) or resistant (n = 5) to PBIE. Ten mares were examined daily during estrus until 6 d after hCG-induced ovulation for two estrous cycles. Twenty-four hours after application of 1500 IU hCG, 4 mL of killed (by repeated freezing in liquid nitrogen and thawing at 50 °C) deep-frozen semen or sterile saline was instilled into the uterine body and examinations were carried out immediately before and 3, 6, and 12 h after intrauterine infusion. Examinations included blood sampling to determine plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations, and transrectal ultrasonography in B- and color Doppler mode to determine follicular and luteal size and blood flow, the extent of intrauterine fluid, as well as time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), blood flow volume (BFV), and blood flow resistance (expressed as pulsatility index, PI) of the uterine arteries. Additionally, endometrial biopsies were obtained at 24 h before, and 2 and 7 d after infusion, and mRNA expressions of IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL10, TNF, CASP3, and COX2 were determined by qRT-PCR. Statistical analyses were performed with mixed models. Intrauterine fluid retention (diameter >20 mm for at least 3 d) was found after infusion of killed semen in five susceptible mares. There was no treatment effect (semen vs saline; P > 0.05) on genital blood flow, plasma P4 concentration, and endometrial gene expression. In comparison to resistant mares, susceptible mares had an increased (P = 0.04) BFV of the uterine arteries at 24 h before intrauterine infusion of killed semen, and an increased (P = 0.03) PI at 2 d after infusion. The TAMV, plasma P4 concentrations, and follicular and luteal size and blood flow did not differ (P > 0.05) between resistant and susceptible mares. Endometrial mRNA expres

Published
2021

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