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AbstractBackgroundObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusionInfluenza A viruses are a major cause of viral respiratory infections in humans, leading to a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild to severe, particularly in high-risk groups. Monitoring the frequency and evolution of A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses is essential for guiding vaccine strain selection and maintaining vaccine effectiveness.To characterize the evolution of circulating influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains in Mar del Plata(MDQ), Argentina, and estimate vaccine efficacy from 2015 to 2020, before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.We analyzed 46 influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains detected by RT-PCR from patients with acute respiratory infections in MDQ between 2015 and 2020. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood, and vaccine efficacy was estimated with the Pepitope model.Seven genetic clades were identified: 6B in 2015, 6B.1 in 2016–2017, 6B.1A, 6B.1A.1, and 6B.1A.3 in 2018, 6B.1A.5A in 2019–2020, and 6B.1A.5a.2 in 2020. Genetic diversity and regional clustering suggested multiple strain introductions from other Argentinian regions or countries. The predicted vaccine efficacy was highest when the frequency of influenza A (H1N1)pmd09 was below 2%, decreasing as viral frequency increased, due to mutations occurring particularly in haemagglutinin epitopes B, C, and E.Our findings highlight the dynamic evolution of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in MDQ and emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance and regular vaccine updates. Additionally, the Pepitope model proved useful in estimating vaccine efficacy. The impact of vaccination in reducing viral frequency when circulating and vaccine strains are well-matched further supports annual influenza vaccination recommendations to minimize viral burden in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the job postings for open innovation (OI) specialists to determine a universal archetype of what competencies and tasks are requested from said professionals and their implications for corporate sustainability and responsibility. This research uses Bayesian statistics and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling to measure multiple dimensions of the 341 sampled job postings. Our empirical findings unveil the pivotal role that OI specialists have in engaging with stakeholders and monitoring OI dynamics. Multiple dimensions are expected from OI specialists, addressing a multitude of concerns, such as the environment and technologies. Moreover, this study underlines the need for OI specialists to comprehend both internal and external stakeholders' needs. This research contributes to the literature as follows. First, it underlines the value of topic modeling analysis in job profiling research. Second, it bridges existing knowledge gaps on OI specialists' competencies and roles with empirical evidence obtained from a global dataset. Third, it outlines the current market expectations and requirements for OI specialists, which is useful to both candidates and companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Unintentional injuries such as falls, are particularly frequent in early childhood. To date, epidemiological studies in this field have been carried out using routine data sources or registries and many studies were observational studies with a cross-sectional design. The aims of the study are to describe unintentional injuries in the first two years of life in the Piccolipiù birth cohort, and to investigate the association between mother and children characteristics and the First Event of Raised surface Fall (FERF). Methods This longitudinal observational study included 3038 children from an Italian birth cohort. Data on socio-demographic factors, socio-economic indicators, maternal health and lifestyle characteristics and child’s sleeping behavior, obtained from questionnaires completed at birth, 12 and 24 months of age, were considered in the analyses as potential risk factors of FERF. Time of occurrence of FERF was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The multivariable analysis for time to event was carried out using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results Falls from raised surfaces are the leading cause of unintentional injuries in the cohort with 610 (21.1%) and 577 (20.0%) cases among children during the first and second year of life, respectively. An increased risk of FERF was associated with several risk factors: maternal psychological distress (HR 1.41, 95%CI 1.10–1.81), maternal alcohol intake (HR 1.26, 95%CI 1.10–1.45), and child’s sleeping problems (HR 1.28, 95%CI 1.09–1.51). Children with older aged mothers (HR 0.98, 95%CI 0.96–0.99) and living in northern Italy (HR 0.64, 95%CI 0.55–0.75) had a lower risk of FERF. Conclusion The results of the study suggest that a higher risk of FERF is associated with socio-demographic factors, maternal characteristics and child sleeping behavior that could hinder parent empowerment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has lately been driven by Omicron. This work aimed to study the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages during the third and fourth waves of COVID-19 in Argentina. Molecular surveillance was performed on 3431 samples from Argentina, between EW44/2021 and EW31/2022. Sequencing, phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses were performed. A differential dynamic between the Omicron waves was found. The third wave was associated with lineage BA.1, characterized by a high number of cases, very fast displacement of Delta, doubling times of 3.3 days and a low level of lineage diversity and clustering. In contrast, the fourth wave was longer but associated with a lower number of cases, initially caused by BA.2, and later by BA.4/BA.5, with doubling times of about 10 days. Several BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 sublineages and introductions were detected, although very few clusters with a constrained geographical distribution were observed, suggesting limited transmission chains. The differential dynamic could be due to waning immunity and an increase in population gatherings in the BA.1 wave, and a boosted population (for vaccination or recent prior immunity for BA.1 infection) in the wave caused by BA2/BA.4/BA.5, which may have limited the establishment of the new lineages.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which strategies and business models (BMs) are disclosed in Integrated Reports (IRs). In addition, this paper seeks to understand the reasons for the changes in such disclosures over time. A longitudinal case study focusing on Terna, an Italian listed public utility operating in the electricity sector, is presented. Multiple methods of data collection and analysis were adopted. A content analysis based on the framework of Sukhari and De Villiers (2018) was performed on Terna’s IRs from 2011 to 2017. Interviews were conducted with several managers to integrate the data stemming from the content analysis. The paper opens up the ‘black box’ of corporate strategy disclosures, showing how they can evolve over time. The findings reveal a resistance to fully communicating sensitive corporate information related to strategic goals and their implementatio

Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are one of the most frequent causes of respiratory infections around the world, causing mild to severe disease. In Argentina, many studies focused on the association of HAdV respiratory infection with severe disease and fatal outcomes leading to the discovery in 1984 of a genomic variant 7h associated with high fatality. Although several molecular studies reported the presence of at least 4 HAdV species (B, C, D and E) in Argentina, few sequences were available in the databases. In this study, sequences from the hexon gene region were obtained from 141 patients as a first approach to assess the genetic diversity of HAdVs circulating in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences and others recovered from public databases confirmed the circulation of the four above-mentioned species represented by 11 genotypes, with predominance in species B and C and shifts in their proportion in the studied period (2000 to 2018). The variants detected in Argentina, for most of the genotypes, were similar to those already described in other countries. However, uncommon lineages belonging to genotypes C2, C5 and E4 were detected, which might indicate the circulation of local variants and will deserve further studies of whole-genome sequences.

Abstract Background Bat-borne virus surveillance is necessary for determining inter-species transmission risks and is important due to the wide-range of bat species which may harbour potential pathogens. This study aimed to monitor coronaviruses (CoVs) and paramyxoviruses (PMVs) in bats roosting in northwest Italian regions. Our investigation was focused on CoVs and PMVs due to their proven ability to switch host and their zoonotic potential. Here we provide the phylogenetic characterization of the highly conserved polymerase gene fragments. Results Family-wide PCR screenings were used to test 302 bats belonging to 19 different bat species. Thirty-eight animals from 12 locations were confirmed as PCR positive, with an overall detection rate of 12.6% [95% CI: 9.3–16.8]. CoV RNA was found in 36 bats belonging to eight species, while PMV RNA in three Pipistrellus spp. Phylogenetic characterization have been obtained for 15 alpha- CoVs, 5 beta-CoVs and three PMVs; moreover one P. pipistrellus resulted co-infected with both CoV and PMV. A divergent alpha-CoV clade from Myotis nattereri SpA is also described. The compact cluster of beta-CoVs from R. ferrumequinum roosts expands the current viral sequence database, specifically for this species in Europe. To our knowledge this is the first report of CoVs in Plecotus auritus and M. oxygnathus, and of PMVs in P. kuhlii. Conclusions This study identified alpha and beta-CoVs in new bat species and in previously unsurveyed Italian regions. To our knowledge this represents the first and unique report of PMVs in Italy. The 23 new bat genetic sequences presented will expand the current molecular bat-borne virus databases. Considering the amount of novel bat-borne PMVs associated with the emergence of zoonotic infections in animals and humans in the last years, the definition of viral diversity within European bat species is needed. Performing surveillance studies within a specific geographic area can provide awareness of viral burden where bats roost in close proximity to spillover hosts, and form the basis for the appropriate control measures against potential threats for public health and optimal management of bats and their habitats.

Una stele frammentaria, la cui presenza è ricordata a Καστελλόριζο (antica Megiste) nel 1907, fu trasferita insieme ad altre iscrizioni a Mytilene (Lesbos) e di qui a Lemnos, dove è tuttora conservata presso il Museo Archeologico di Myrina. Il testo, che era noto solo da una approssimativa edizione del 1917, è qui pubblicato per la prima volta secondo i moderni canoni scientifici. Esso conserva un decreto onorario di età ellenistica per un benefattore locale del ginnasio. Il presente contributo intende inoltre ricostruire le vicende erranti della pietra e stabilire la sua provenienza originaria. Identifica in particolare la comunità committente con la polis di Antiphellos (Lycia), che accoglie una precedente iniziativa onoraria deliberata da un raggruppamento interno del locale ginnasio. Sottolinea inoltre la volontà della città di confermare gli onori e di assicurare la loro attuazione nel tempo attraverso il riferimento a specifici garanti. Propone infine di riconoscere nell’anonimo onorato un benefattore che potrebbe aver costituito una fondazione per i neoi o per altro gruppo ginnasiale. A fragmentary stele, which was recorded at Καστελλόριζο (ancient Megiste) in 1907, was transferred along with other inscriptions to Mytilene (Lesbos) and from there to Lemnos, where it is still preserved at the Archaeological Museum of Myrina. The text, which was so far only known from an unsatisfying edition of 1917, is for the first time published according to modern standards. It contains a Hellenistic honorary decree for a local benefactor of the gymnasium. The present paper further intends to reconstruct the wanderings of the stone and establish its original provenance. It identifies in particular the committing community with the polis of Antiphellos (Lycia), which ratifies a previous honorary initiative deliberated by an inner group of the local gymnasium. It also underlines the city’s commitment to confirm the honors and to ensure their implementation in the future by referring to specific guarantees. Finally, it proposes to recognize in the anonymous honorand a benefactor who could have constituted a foundation for the neoi or for another gymnasium group.

The epigraphic document on which this paper is focused is a letter of the Macedonian king Philip V to the boule and the demos of the Athenians of Hephaestia, on the island of Lemnos, which was found in 1938 in the area of the late Roman Telesterion of the sanctuary of the Kabeiroi. A new edition of the inscription is here offered, along with a detailed epigraphic, historical and linguistic commentary. The text is not entirely preserved, and some points of it are quite difficult to interpret. However, the document is extremely interesting, less for its possible connection with specific events than for the information it provides on several historical issues of a more general kind: the relationship between the Antigonid kings and Lemnos; the inner organisation and institutions of the community of the Athenians on the island; Philip V’s ‘religious policy’ as described by the king himself and by literary sources, and so on.