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The probability of electric vehicle rollover accident can be effectively reduced by shortening the prediction time interval and improving the prediction accuracy. Based on a multilayer neural network, an improved time-to-rollover method is presented in this paper. Firstly, the force model of vehicle rollover is established and analyzed where the structure and mass of a battery box have an important influence on the occurrence of rollover. Then, the rollover indexes considering hyperparameters are divided into five categories, and the multi-layer neural network is used to simplify the algorithm structure of the time to rollover, and quickly calculate the operating state parameters with a variation step size in real time. Finally, the influence of the hyperparameters on the prediction results of neural network is studied, and higher efficiency is obtained by comparing with traditional methods.

A Game for Task Offloading in Reputation-Based Consortium Blockchain Networks

Atmospheric aerosols affect the global energy budget by scattering and absorbing sunlight (direct effects) and by changing the microphysical structure, lifetime, and coverage of clouds (indirect effects). Both aerosol direct and indirect effects are affected by the vertical distribution of aerosols in the atmosphere, which is further influenced by a range of processes, such as aerosol dynamics, long-range transport, and entrainment. However, many observations of these processes are based on ground measurements, limiting our ability to understand the vertical distribution of aerosols and simulate their impact on clouds and climate. In this work, we examined the vertical heterogeneity of aerosols over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) using data collected from the Holistic Interactions of Shallow Clouds, Aerosols and Land Ecosystems (HI-SCALE) campaign. The vertical profiles of meteorological and aerosol physiochemical properties up to 2500 m above the ground are examined based on the 38 flights conducted during the HI-SCALE campaign. The aerosol properties over the SGP show strong vertical heterogeneity and seasonal variabilities. The aerosol concentrations at the surface are the highest due to strong sources of emission at ground level. The mode diameter of these aerosols during summer (~ 100 nm) is larger than that during spring (~ 30 nm), potentially as a result of enhanced condensational growth due to enriched volatile organic compounds in summer. The concentration of aerosols below 30 nm in the boundary layer (BL) (e.g., below 1000 m) during spring is higher than that during summer, a result of the stronger new particle formation (NPF) events and a reduced condensation sink in spring. In the BL, the size of the aerosols gradually increases with altitude due to condensational growth and cloud processing. However, the composition of the aerosols remained similar, with organics and sulfates representing 59.8 ± 2.2 % and 22.7 ± 2.1 % of the total mass in the BL. Through the vertical profiles of aerosol properties, we noticed a considerable number of NPF events (7 out of 38) in the upper BL, where the newly formed particles continue to grow as they are mixed down to the surface. There is also an indication that deep convection brings aerosols from the free troposphere (FT) to the surface, where they grow to contribute to the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Overall, the vertical heterogeneity of aerosols over the SGP is influenced by aerosol dynamics (new particle formation, growth, and cloud processing) and transport processes (long-range transport, entrainment, and convective downward transport). Case studies showing the influence of these factors are discussed.

PDF file - 752K, Table S1. ATF3 expression and clinicopathological findings in bladder cancer. Table S2. Relationship between ATF3 and GSN expression in bladder cancer. Table S3. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression for metastasis-free survival of patients with bladder cancer. Figure S1. Establishment and characterization of the highly metastatic cell subline T24-L. Figure S2. Agreement between pathologists and automated staining categories. Figure S3. ATF3 is downregulated in bladder cancer tissue. Figure S4. ATF3 regulates GSN expression in bladder cancer cells.

Bladder cancer is associated with high recurrence and mortality rates due to metastasis. The elucidation of metastasis suppressors may offer therapeutic opportunities if their mechanisms of action can be elucidated and tractably exploited. In this study, we investigated the clinical and functional significance of the transcription factor activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in bladder cancer metastasis. Gene expression analysis revealed that decreased ATF3 was associated with bladder cancer progression and reduced survival of patients with bladder cancer. Correspondingly, ATF3 overexpression in highly metastatic bladder cancer cells decreased migration in vitro and experimental metastasis in vivo. Conversely, ATF3 silencing increased the migration of bladder cancer cells with limited metastatic capability in the absence of any effect on proliferation. In keeping with their increased motility, metastatic bladder cancer cells had increased numbers of actin filaments. Moreover, ATF3 expression correlated with expression of the actin filament severing protein gelsolin (GSN). Mechanistic studies revealed that ATF3 upregulated GSN, whereas ATF3 silencing reduced GSN levels, concomitant with alterations in the actin cytoskeleton. We identified six ATF3 regulatory elements in the first intron of the GSN gene confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Critically, GSN expression reversed the metastatic capacity of bladder cancer cells with diminished levels of ATF3. Taken together, our results indicate that ATF3 suppresses metastasis of bladder cancer cells, at least in part through the upregulation of GSN-mediated actin remodeling. These findings suggest ATF3 coupled with GSN as prognostic markers for bladder cancer metastasis. Cancer Res; 73(12); 3625–37. ©2013 AACR.

Chitosan-based probes were prepared and they could identify 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNH). CC bonds formed in a click reaction act as recognizing sites for DNH.

Shale gas wastewater is a hypersaline industrial effluent in demand of efficient treatment or resource recovery. Membrane distillation (MD) is a heat-driven desalination process of high potential to deal with such streams. However, its application is highly limited by the unsatisfactory hydrophobic membranes that involve a trade-off between vapor permeability and fouling/wetting resistance. Our previous studies highlighted the potential role of an intermediate coating layer of a carbon nanotube (CNT) for the superhydrophobic membrane with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS) grafted to address the trade-off issue against synthetic saline oily wastewater. The work herein investigated its application performance in the continuous concentration and water recovery of real shale gas wastewater, with a commercial PVDF membrane as the reference. The modified membrane recycled 48.2% of the total volume as high-quality water and rejected 99% of feed salinity, achieving a superior concentration rate and flux recovery rate compared to PVDF. The value of the COD, total nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen in the permeate after the modified membrane was less than 50, 20, and 20 mg/L, meeting the local wastewater discharge standard. It was pointed out that the inorganic fouling for the MD membrane was more of a concern in dealing with a real stream, but the modified membrane exhibited excellent fouling resistance. The cost associated with the treatment was estimated at USD 2.2/m3 for a production capacity of 2000 m3/d. The proposed superhydrophobic membrane has proven to be a feasible alternative from both technical and economic standpoints, offering the potential to improve MD effluent water quality and mitigate membrane fouling.

A mixed-ligand metal–organic framework constructed by a “partial in situ reaction strategy” from a single organic ligand showed the ability for iodine and methyl iodide adsorption.

In real training, the training conditions are often undesirable, and the use of equipment is severely limited. These problems can be solved by virtual practical training, which breaks the limit of space, lowers the training cost, while ensuring the training quality. However, the existing methods work poorly in image reconstruction, because they fail to consider the fact that the environmental perception of actual scene is strongly regular by nature. Therefore, this paper investigates the three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction for virtual talent training scene. Specifically, a fusion network model was deigned, and the deep-seated correlation between target detection and semantic segmentation was discussed for images shot in two-dimensional (2D) scenes, in order to enhance the extraction effect of image features. Next, the vertical and horizontal parallaxes of the scene were solved, and the depth-based virtual talent training scene was reconstructed three dimensionally, based on the continuity of scene depth. Finally, the proposed algorithm was proved effective through experiments.

BackgroundBone metastases (BM) from malignant tumors could disrupt the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts and affect bone homeostasis. Malignant breast cancer (BC) is rare in male patients, and co-occurrence of BM is even rarer. Given its low incidence, there is limited research evaluating risk and prognosis. Despite the widespread application of nomograms to predict uncommon malignancies, no studies have constructed predictive models focusing on the diagnosis and prognosis of male breast cancer with bone metastases (MBCBM).MethodsThis study selected all male breast cancer patients (MBC) between 2010 and 2019 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We used simple and multivariate Logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors for BM in MBC patients. Then simple and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to determine the independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in MBCBM patients. We established and validated three new nomograms based on these independent factors.ResultA total of 4187 MBC patients were included, with 191 (4.56%) having bone metastases at the time of diagnosis. The independent risk factors of BM in MBC patients included age, tumor size, marital status, T stage, and N stage. In MBCBM patients, independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS were both age, T stage, ER status, PR status, and surgery. The concordance index (C-index), the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the calibration curve, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed that these three nomograms could accurately predict the diagnosis and prognosis of MBCBM patients with excellent discrimination and clinical utility superior to the TNM staging system. We then established two prognostic-based risk stratification systems and three visualized dynamic nomograms that could be applied in clinical practice.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study aimed to establish and validate an accurate novel nomogram to objectively predict the diagnosis and prognosis of MBCBM patients. On this basis, prognostic-based risk stratification systems and visualized dynamic nomograms were constructed to facilitate doctors and patients to quantify individual BM risk probability and survival probability to assist in personalized risk assessment and clinical decision-making.

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS

IntroductionHiccup is a common disease that not only occurred on adults but also on infants, which can severely do harm to patients’ physical and psychological health. Metoclopramide has been reported to have effects on intractable hiccup. However, there is a limited evidence that describes the efficacy and safety of metoclopramide in the treatment of intractable hiccup. The aim of this article is to obtain evidence on the effectiveness and safety of metoclopramide in treating patients with intractable hiccup.Methods and analysisWe will search the following databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, Wan-fang, VIP database, CNKI and MEDLINE from their inception to 11 November 2021. All the randomised controlled trials associated with metoclopramide in treating intractable hiccup will be included. Articles screened, selected and extracted will be performed by two researchers independently. The risk of bias will be assessed by using the Cochrane Collaboration. We will carry out the meta-analysis by using RevMan V.5.4 software.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021293000.

The VEGF/SphK1/S1P pathway is closely related to angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the precise underlying mechanisms are unclear at present. Here, we explored the involvement of the VEGF/SphK1/S1P cascade in RA models and determined the effects of GE intervention. Our results showed abnormal expression of proteins related to this pathway in RA synovial tissue. Treatment with GE effectively regulated the signal axis, inhibited angiogenesis, and alleviated RA symptoms. In vitro, TNF-ɑ enhanced the VEGF/SphK1/S1P pathway in a co-culture model of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and vascular endothelial cells (VEC). GE induced downregulation of VEGF in FLS, restored the dynamic balance of pro-/antiangiogenic factors, and suppressed SphK1/S1P signaling in VEC, resulting in lower proliferation activity, migration ability, tube formation ability, and S1P secretion ability of VEC cells. Additionally, SphK1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked the VEGF/SphK1/S1P cascade, which can effectively alleviate the stimulatory effect of FLS on VEC and further enhanced the therapeutic effect of GE. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GE suppresses the VEGF/SphK1/S1P pathway and alleviates the stimulation of VEC by FLS, thereby preventing angiogenesis and promoting therapeutic effects against RA.

The topic of school bullying has become an important issue over the world. Being in disadvantaged situations of fathers’ absence, prior research suggested that left-behind children (LBC) with absent fathers in China are more vulnerable to get involved in school bullying (bullying or being bullied). In addition, fathers’ absence brings much pressure to single stay-at-home mothers, leading to more maternal psychologically controlling parenting. Following a three-wave longitudinal design, this study aimed to examine the developmental relationship between maternal psychological control and father-absent LBC’s bullying/victimization as well as its mechanism. A total of 348 father-absent LBC aged 7–11 years in China completed a battery of questionnaires at three-time points. The results indicated that there are reciprocal effects between maternal psychological control and father-absent LBC’s bullying/victimization. Specifically, maternal psychological control at T1 predicted father-absent LBC’s victimization at T2; children’s victimization at T2 predicted maternal psychological control at T3; maternal psychological control predicted later children’s bullying perpetration stably from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3; children’s bullying at T2 predicted maternal psychological control at T3. Two vicious circles happened in the above relationships. Current findings highlight the stronger effects of mothers’ negative parenting on children’s school bullying, which bring inspiration for future family education and school intervention.

Whether financial agglomeration is conducive to improving the green efficiency of water resources is of great significance for China to realize water saving and consumption reduction, and green sustainable development. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2017, this paper uses the SBM model with undesirable output to measure the green efficiency of water resources in China and empirically examines the impact of financial agglomeration on the green efficiency of water resources. The results show that the green efficiency of water resources in China presents the “N” type fluctuation characteristic, and the overall trend is increasing. The mean value of green efficiency of water resources in China fluctuates around 0.6, which is at a medium level, and there is still a large room for improvement. Secondly, there are obvious spatial differences in China’s green efficiency of water resources, showing a gradient of “Eastern>Central>Western.” Thirdly, at the national level, financial agglomeration has a significant positive impact on the green efficiency of water resources, and there is an inverted “U”-shaped relationship between financial agglomeration and green efficiency of water resources. Fourthly, at the regional level, the impact of financial agglomeration on green efficiency of water resources has significant regional differences. Finally, based on the above conclusions, specific proposals for financial agglomeration to improve the green efficiency of water resources are put forward.

BackgroundPrevious prediction models of osteosarcoma have not focused on survival in patients undergoing surgery, nor have they distinguished and compared prognostic differences among amputation, radical and local resection. This study aimed to establish and validate the first reliable prognostic nomogram to accurately predict overall survival (OS) after surgical resection in patients with osteosarcoma. On this basis, we constructed a risk stratification system and a web-based nomogram.MethodsWe enrolled all patients with primary osteosarcoma who underwent surgery between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. In patients with primary osteosarcoma after surgical resection, univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazards regression analyses were utilized to identify independent prognostic factors and construct a novel nomogram for the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS. Then the nomogram's predictive performance and clinical utility were evaluated by the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultThis study recruited 1,396 patients in all, with 837 serving as the training set (60%) and 559 as the validation set (40%). After COX regression analysis, we identified seven independent prognostic factors to develop the nomogram, including age, primary site, histological type, disease stage, AJCC stage, tumor size, and surgical method. The C-index indicated that this nomogram is considerably more accurate than the AJCC stage in predicting OS [Training set (HR: 0.741, 95% CI: 0.726–0.755) vs. (HR: 0.632, 95% CI: 0.619–0.645); Validation set (HR: 0.735, 95% CI: 0.718–0.753) vs. (HR: 0.635, 95% CI: 0.619–0.652)]. Moreover, the area under ROC curves, the calibration curves, and DCA demonstrated that this nomogram was significantly superior to the AJCC stage, with better predictive performance and more net clinical benefits.ConclusionThis study highlighted that radical surgery was the first choice for patients with primary osteosarcoma since it provided the best survival prognosis. We have established and validated a novel nomogram that could objectively predict the overall survival of patients with primary osteosarcoma after surgical resection. Furthermore, a risk stratification system and a web-based nomogram could be applied in clinical practice to assist in therapeutic decision-making.

Background: Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is generally over-expressed in human tumor tissues and catalyzes de novo synthesis of fatty acids on which tumor cells depend. Bestatin, an inhibitor of aminopeptidase/CD13, is one of the dipeptide substrates for the human oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1). Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to uncover the role of FASN inhibitors in bestatin-induced tumor cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanism, extending our understanding of the correlations between FASN and PEPT1 in cancer and providing a new strategy for tumor targeted treatment. Methods: Cerulenin, orlistat and siRNAs were applied to inhibit FASN. The cell viability and apoptosis were assessed with MTT (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) assays and annexin VFITC/ PI staining with flow cytometry analysis. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis were used to detect the protein levels and mRNA levels of the indicated genes in tumor cells, respectively. Protein degradation or stability was examined with cycloheximide chase assays. CD13 activity was detected by gelatin zymography. The HT1080 and C26 xenografts models were conducted to assess the efficacy in vivo. Results: In the current study, we found that inhibiting FASN by cerulenin and orlistat both augmented the effects of bestatin in decreasing tumor cell viability. Cerulenin increased the apoptosis rates and enhanced the cleavage of PARP caused by bestatin. Furthermore, cerulenin, orlistat and siFASNs markedly elevated PEPT1 protein levels. Indeed, cerulenin induced the upregulation of PEPT1 mRNA expression rather than affecting the protein level after the cells were treated with CHX. And Gly-Sar, a typical competitive substrate of PEPT1, could attenuate the augment of bestatin-induced cell killing by cerulenin. Moreover, synergistic restrain of tumor growth accompanied by a reduction of Ki-67 and increment of TUNEL was significantly achieved in the xenograft models. Interestingly, no clear correlation was observed between the CD13 with FASN and/or PEPT1 in tumor cells. Conclusion: FASN inhibitors facilitate tumor cells susceptible to bestatin-induced apoptosis involving the up-regulation of PEPT1 at the mRNA translation level and the transport of bestatin by PEPT1, emerging as a promising strategy for tumor targeted therapy.

2D semiconductors, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS

Due to the lack of parental care, the issue of left-behind children (LBC)’s mental health has been highlighted in the academic field. In LBC’s families, a large proportion of fathers migrated to other cities for work. Migrated fathers’ involvement also has crucial impacts on children’s development, but previous studies focused less on it. Thus, using the longitudinal data of two waves, current study examined the relationship between fathers’ involvement and the LBC’s mental health from the perspective of the Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health and its underlying mechanism. A total of 613 LBC at primary schools in China completed questionnaires twice about fathers’ involvement, paternal and maternal attachment, life satisfaction, prosocial behavior, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. The results showed that the total effects of fathers’ involvement on LBC’s life satisfaction and prosocial behavior were significant, while those on problem behaviors were insignificant. Also, father-child attachment played a mediating role in the association between fathers’ involvement and the positive indicators of LBC’s mental health. Meanwhile, mother-child attachment mediated the relationships between fathers’ involvement and LBC’s problem behaviors. The study not only highlights the positive influence of fathers’ involvement on LBC as well as the relations among different subsystems in the family but also implies the different effects of paternal and maternal attachment on LBC’s mental health, which brings inspiration for improving the mental health of LBC in China.