Search

Abstract This paper aimed to predict the trend of carbon emissions during the green transformation process in Shanghai, with a focus on the city’s urban system structure. Green development has become an inevitable trend in urban progress, as traditional urban development has led to severe environmental problems caused by the emissions of a large amount of carbon dioxide. This study was motivated by the need for cities to actively pursue green transformation and achieve carbon peaking targets. Through a literature analysis, it was found that urban green transformation is influenced by various factors such as economy, energy, population, technology, and policy. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions primarily arise from fossil fuels and are regulated by carbon emission trading (CET) policies. With this knowledge, the urban system was divided, and the flow of carbon was analyzed. Using the general methodology of the IPCC, the carbon production resulting from energy consumption in Shanghai from 2014 to 2019 is calculated to construct an urban system dynamic (SD) model, which is used to predict the carbon emissions expected during the green transformation from 2020 to 2025. The key findings of the study are as follows: (1) The dynamic model of the urban green transformation system proved to be effective in predicting carbon emissions. (2) Based on the current status of green transformation in Shanghai, the city is capable of achieving its expected carbon emission peaking target by 2025. (3) The progress and timing of green transformation and carbon peaking in Shanghai vary across different scenarios, highlighting the importance of collective adjustments to identify the most appropriate path for urban green transformation. These findings provide valuable insights for cities seeking to adopt green development measures, facilitating the acceleration of their green transformation efforts and early attainment of carbon peaking targets.

BackgroundThe value of semiquantitative resting myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in coronary artery disease (CAD) is limited. At present, quantitative MPI can be performed by a new cadmium zinc tellurium single-photon emission computed tomography (CZT-SPECT) scan. The quantitative index of resting myocardial blood flow (MBF) has received little attention, and its manifestations and clinical value in the presence of unstable coronary blood flow have not been clarified.PurposeIn patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), whether resting MBF can provide additional value of blood flow than semi-quantitative resting MPI is not sure. We also explored the influencing factors of resting MBF.MethodsThis was a retrospective clinical study. We included 75 patients with STEMI in the subacute phase who underwent resting MPI and dynamic scans after reperfusion therapy. General patient information, STEMI-related data, MPI, gated MPI (G-MPI), and resting MBF data were collected and recorded. According to the clinically provided culprit vessels, the resting MBF was divided into ischemic MBF and non-ischemic MBF. The paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for resting MBF. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal threshold for ischemia, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of resting MBF.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between the ischemic MBF and non-ischemic MBF [0.59 (0.47–0.72) vs. 0.76 (0.64–0.93), p

This study explores the impact of bank market structure on firm innovation in China using a two-way fixed effects model. Our analysis is based on a dataset comprising 2,412,316 firm-city level observations. Our findings suggest that there exists a U-shaped relationship between bank market structure and firm innovation in China. Specifically, we identify that the financing channel is a crucial pathway through which bank market structure influences firm innovation. Moreover, our results indicate that this relationship is mainly driven by small firms and innovative firms, and is more pronounced in regions with stronger intellectual property rights protection or greater openness to foreign markets. In sum, this study contributes to the existing literature by advancing our understanding of the impact of bank market structure on innovation in Chinese firms.

Highlights Key synthesis technologies and properties of nanobiochars were discussed. The interactions pathways of nanobiochar with pollutants were elucidated. Role of environmental factors on pollutants remediation and life cycle was delineated. Important research outlooks on nanobiochar’s potential in pollutant remediation were elaborated.

Highlights SRSF9 is a potential independent risk factor for HCC. High methylation status of cg06116271 predicted a better prognosis in HCC. SRSF9 knockdown inhibited the Wnt signaling pathway and cell cycle pathway. SRSF9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

Ideological and Political Education in the Curriculum is a new type of teaching concept. The author of the Guangzhou Polytechnic Institute of Environmental Design professional courses as an example, to find out the urgent problems, combined with the PSPL research method for the ecological design of artificial engineering practice class research means research an old district in Guangzhou environmental space as an entry point, through the street environment and the residents of the study and analysis, analysis of the problems, put forward the design strategy and program, on the It provides design and ideas for the protection and development of urban renewal, and at the same time, builds a new mode of teaching with the connotation of thinking and politics for the professional course of environmental design, which is based on the practice of actual knowledge.

In the context of “Carbon Emissions Peak” and “Carbon Neutrality”, grazing exclusion (GE) has been applied widely to rehabilitate degraded grasslands and increase carbon sequestration. However, on the QingZang Plateau (QZP), the impacts of GE on the carbon dynamics of alpine grasslands are poorly understood, particularly at a regional scale. To fill this knowledge gap, we evaluated the responses of carbon sequestration to GE in different alpine grasslands across QZP by using meta-analysis. The effects of GE on ecosystem carbon fractions were dependent on GE duration, grassland types and climate factors. Specifically, our results indicated that GE had more obviously positive effects on carbon stock across the alpine meadow than the alpine steppe. However, when considering different GE duration, the longer duration of GE was more effective for increasing ecosystem carbon sequestration (R2 = 0.52, P

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system. Traditional diagnosis and treatment methods have not significantly improved the overall survival of patients. In this study, we explored the value of ATP2A1 as a biomarker in predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. We used the TCGA database to reveal the relationship between ATP2A1 mRNA level and prognosis, methylation, and immune invasion in colorectal cancer. The results showed that the expression of ATP2A1 was increased in colorectal cancer. The overall survival of patients with high expression of ATP2A1 was significantly lower than patients with low expression of ATP2A1. Cox regression analysis showed that high expression of ATP2A1 was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. In addition, we used three datasets to perform a meta-analysis, which further confirmed the reliability of the results. Furthermore, we revealed that ATP2A1 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the autophagy process and was associated with several immune cells, especially CD8 + T cells. Finally, four small molecule drugs with potential inhibition of ATP2A1 expression were found by CMap analysis. This study demonstrates for the first time that ATP2A1 is a potential pathogenic factor, which may play a significant role in colorectal cancer.

Leaf traits are important indicators of plants’ adaptive strategy to environmental changes. It is an established fact that leaf traits are jointly regulated by climatic and edaphic factors besides genetic factors. However, the relative importance of these abiotic forces in determining the general patterns of herbaceous plant leaf traits across different climatic regions in China is far from clear. We collected 1,653 observations of 542 species of herbaceous plant leaf traits including leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen, and leaf phosphorus from 316 sampling sites across four climatic regions. We found that the leaf mass per area in the arid region was apparently larger than the others, whereas the smallest mass-based leaf nitrogen and mass-based leaf phosphorus were found in the humid region. Increased growing season temperature and evapotranspiration consistently promoted a conservative growth strategy indicated by higher relative benefit of leaf mass per area, especially in the arid region. Solar radiation in growing season promoted an acquisitive growth strategy indicated by higher relative benefits of mass-based leaf nitrogen and phosphorus in the humid region, but opposite patterns were found in the arid region and semi-humid region. Of all the soil nutrients including soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available nitrogen, soil available nitrogen was the strongest predictor of relative benefits of leaf traits associated with a nutrient acquisitive strategy, except in the nutrient-rich semi-humid region. There was a relatively larger number of abiotic factors contributing to relative benefits of leaf traits in the arid and humid regions. We concluded that plant functionality could respond divergently to the same factor facing different habitat conditions. Moreover, the relative benefits of leaf traits tended to be more vulnerable to abiotic filtering in more stressful conditions. Our findings have important implications for understanding the context-dependency of plant functionality to environmental filtering and further improving the predictability of plant dynamics under global change.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are vulnerable to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) due to risk factors such as immunosuppression, antimicrobial use, and frequent hospitalization. We systematically searched PubMed and Embase to screen relevant studies from April 2014 to November 2021. A meta-analysis was performed to identify the association between CDI and hematopoietic transplantation based on the standard mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among the 431 retrieved citations, we obtained 43 eligible articles, which included 15,911 HSCT patients at risk. The overall estimated prevalence of CDI was 13.2%. The prevalence of CDI among the 10,685 allogeneic transplantation patients (15.3%) was significantly higher than that among the 3,840 autologous HSCT recipients (9.2%). Different incidence rates of CDI diagnosis over the last 7 years were found worldwide, of which North America (14.1%) was significantly higher than Europe (10.7%) but not significantly different from the prevalence among Asia (11.6%). Notably, we found that the estimated prevalence of CDI diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (17.7%) was significantly higher than that diagnosed by enzyme immunoassay (11.5%), indicating a significant discrepancy in the incidence rate of CDI owing to differences in the sensibility and specificity of the detection methods. Recurrence of CDI was found in approximately 15% of the initial patients with CDI. Furthermore, 20.3% of CDI cases were severe. CDI was found to be a common complication among HSCT recipients, displaying an evident increase in the morbidity of infection.

In the face of the era of big data, how to ensure the authenticity of electronic data has become an important practical issue. Online preservation methods based on hash operation, time stamp, and blockchain technology can effectively guarantee the authenticity and security of electronic data. Blockchains are inherently traceable, de-centralized, and difficult to tamper with, which can be enough served as the basic technology of electronic data certification. Preservation by blockchain mainly includes the following links: platform registration and identity authentication, generation and transmission of electronic data, and storage of electronic data. Preservation by blockchain has higher security than centralized online security because of distributed storage. However, it should be acknowledged that the preservation by blockchain is not without risk. The court should adhere to the principle of individual review of each case and review the electronic data from its generation, transmission, reception, storage, and collection.

Abstract Background Primary intraosseous cavernous hemangiomas (PICHs) of the skull are extremely rare. To date, diffuse cranial hemangioma of skull has not been reported. In cancer patients, it is often misdiagnosed as metastasis. Case presentation Here, we presented a case of a 50-year-old female patient suffering from slightly headache who received breast cancer modified radical mastectomy in 2004, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings revealed abnormal lesions of diffuse skull which were misdiagnosed as skull metastasis, and the relevant literatures were also reviewed. Conclusions Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the skull is exceedingly rare, and imaging data are not typical. The condition is often misdiagnosed, and pathological evaluation is necessary and important. In cases where the mass cannot be completely removed by surgery, radiotherapy could be beneficial.

Soil available nutrient contents are critical for regulating ecosystem structure and function; therefore, exploring patterns, dynamics, and drivers of soil available nutrient contents is helpful for understanding the geochemical cycle at the regional scale. However, learning the patterns and dynamics of soil available nutrients across a regional scale is quite limited, especially the soil available nitrogen (SAN) and soil available phosphorus (SAP) in alpine grasslands. In this study, we used machine learning (Random Forest) to map the SAN and SAP at a soil depth of 0–30 cm in alpine grasslands across the QingZang Plateau (QZP) in 2015. Our results showed that the current (2015) contents of the SAN and SAP in alpine grasslands on the QZP were 139.96 mg kg−1 and 2.63 mg kg−1, respectively. Compared to the 1980s, the SAN significantly increased by 18.12 mg kg−1 (14.83%, p < 0.05) and the SAP decreased by 1.71 mg kg−1 (39.40%, p < 0.05). The SAN and SAP contents of alpine meadows were higher than those of alpine steppes. The increases in SAN were not significantly (p > 0.05) different between those two grassland types, while the decrease in SAP was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in alpine meadows than in alpine grasslands. Combined with redundancy analysis, we quantified the impact of environmental drivers, and 80% of the spatial variation in SAN and SAP could be explained by environmental factors. Our findings also highlighted that in the context of global change, the increase in SAP and decrease in SAP might lead to weakening of nitrogen limitation and intensification of phosphorus limitation, especially in alpine meadows. In general, this study expanded the knowledge about the patterns and dynamics of SAN and SAP, and deepened the understanding of the driving mechanisms, which provided a basis for sustainable management of grasslands and optimization of ecological security barrier functions on the QZP.

Quantifying the contribution of natural ecosystems on air quality regulation can help to lay the foundation for ecological construction, and to promote the sustainable development of natural ecosystems. To identify the spatio-temporal dynamic changes of natural vegetation regulation on SO _2 absorption and the underlying mechanism of these changes in Qinghai Province, an important ecological barrier and the unique natural ecosystems, the Biome-BGC model was improved to simulate the canopy conductance to SO _2 and leaf area index (LAI) on the daily scale, and then the SO _2 absorption by vegetation was estimated coupling SO _2 concentration from satellite data. Our results showed that the annual average SO _2 absorption of the natural ecosystems in Qinghai Province was 4.74 × 10 ^4 tons yr ^−1 from 2005 to 2018, accounting for about 40% of the total emissions. Spatially, the ecosystem service of SO _2 absorption gradually decreased from southeast to northwest, and varied from 0 in Haixi state to 14.37 kg SO _2 ha ^−1 yr ^−1 in Haibei state. The annual average SO _2 absorption in unit area was 0.68 kg SO _2 ha ^−1 yr ^−1 , and significantly higher SO _2 absorption was observed in summer with 0.45 kg SO _2 ha ^−1 quarterly. The canopy conductance and LAI controlled by climate variables would be the dominant driving factors for the variation of SO _2 absorption for natural ecosystems. The sensitivity analysis showed that SO _2 concentration contributed more to the uncertainties of SO _2 absorption than the conductance in this study. Our results could provide powerful supports for realistic eco-environmental policy and decision making.