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1. Arrow of Time in Estimation and Control: Duality Theory Beyond the Linear Gaussian Model

Author

Kim, Jin Won and Mehta, Prashant G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

Duality between estimation and control is a foundational concept in Control Theory. Most students learn about the elementary duality -- between observability and controllability -- in their first graduate course in linear systems theory. Therefore, it comes as a surprise that for a more general class of nonlinear stochastic systems (hidden Markov models or HMMs), duality is incomplete. Our objective in writing this article is two-fold: (i) To describe the difficulty in extending duality to HMMs; and (ii) To discuss its recent resolution by the authors. A key message is that the main difficulty in extending duality comes from time reversal in going from estimation to control. The reason for time reversal is explained with the aid of the familiar linear deterministic and linear Gaussian models. The explanation is used to motivate the difference between the linear and the nonlinear models. Once the difference is understood, duality for HMMs is described based on our recent work. The article also includes a comparison and discussion of the different types of duality considered in literature.

Published
2024

2. Backward Map for Filter Stability Analysis

Author

Kim, Jin Won, Joshi, Anant A., and Mehta, Prashant G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability, Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

In this paper, a backward map is introduced for the purposes of analysis of the nonlinear (stochastic) filter stability. The backward map is important because the filter-stability in the sense of $\chisq$-divergence follows from showing a certain variance decay property for the backward map. To show this property requires additional assumptions on the model properties of the hidden Markov model (HMM). The analysis in this paper is based on introducing a Poincar\'e Inequality (PI) for HMMs with white noise observations. In finite state-space settings, PI is related to both the ergodicity of the Markov process as well as the observability of the HMM. It is shown that the Poincar\'e constant is positive if and only if the HMM is detectable., Comment: Conference proceeding related to arXiv:2305.12850

Published
2024

3. Divergence metrics in the study of Markov and hidden Markov processes

Author

Kim, Jin Won, Taghvaei, Amirhossein, and Mehta, Prashant G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

This paper is divided into two parts. The first part reviews the formulae for f-divergences in the study of continuous-time Markov processes and explores their applications in areas such as stochastic stability, the second law of thermodynamics, and its non-equilibrium extensions. This sets the foundation for the second part, which focuses on f-divergence in the study of hidden Markov processes. In this context, we present analyses of filter stability and stochastic thermodynamics, with the latter being used to illustrate the concept of a Maxwell demon in an over-damped Langevin model with white noise observations. The paper's expository style and unified formalism for both Markov and hidden Markov processes aim to serve as a valuable resource for researchers working across related fields.

Published
2024

5. Sex-dependent different clinicopathological characterization of Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma: a large-scale study

Author

Kim, Ji-Hyun, Kim, Nayoung, Song, Du Hyun, Choi, Yonghoon, Jeon, Eun-Bi, Kim, Sihyun, Jun, Yu Kyung, Yoon, Hyuk, Shin, Cheol Min, Park, Young Soo, Lee, Dong Ho, Oh, Hyeon Jeong, Lee, Hye Seung, Park, Young Suk, Ahn, Sang-Hoon, Suh, Yun-Suhk, Park, Do Joong, Kim, Hyung Ho, Kim, Ji-Won, Kim, Jin Won, Lee, Keun-Wook, Chang, Won, Park, Ji Hoon, Lee, Yoon Jin, Lee, Kyoung Ho, Kim, Young Hoon, and Ahn, Soyeon

Published
2024
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6. Variance Decay Property for Filter Stability

Author

Kim, Jin Won and Mehta, Prashant G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

This paper is concerned with the problem of nonlinear (stochastic) filter stability of a hidden Markov model (HMM) with white noise observations. A contribution is the variance decay property which is used to conclude filter stability. For this purpose, a new notion of the Poincar\'e inequality (PI) is introduced for the nonlinear filter. PI is related to both the ergodicity of the Markov process as well as the observability of the HMM. The proofs are based upon a recently discovered minimum variance duality which is used to transform the nonlinear filtering problem into a stochastic optimal control problem for a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE)., Comment: 16 pages

Published
2023
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7. On forward-backward SDE approaches to continuous-time minimum variance estimation

Author

Kim, Jin Won and Reich, Sebastian

Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Mathematics - Statistics Theory, 90E10, 90E11, 60G35, 62M20, 93E11, 93E20
Abstract

The work of Kalman and Bucy has established a duality between filtering and optimal estimation in the context of time-continuous linear systems. This duality has recently been extended to time-continuous nonlinear systems in terms of an optimization problem constrained by a backward stochastic partial differential equation. Here we revisit this problem from the perspective of appropriate forward-backward stochastic differential equations. This approach sheds new light on the estimation problem and provides a unifying perspective. It is also demonstrated that certain formulations of the estimation problem lead to deterministic formulations similar to the linear Gaussian case as originally investigated by Kalman and Bucy. Finally, optimal control of partially observed diffusion processes is discussed as an application of the proposed estimators.

Published
2023

10. Duality for Nonlinear Filtering I: Observability

Author

Kim, Jin Won and Mehta, Prashant G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

This paper is concerned with the development and use of duality theory for a hidden Markov model (HMM) with white noise observations. The main contribution of this work is to introduce a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) as a dual control system. A key outcome is that stochastic observability (resp. detectability) of the HMM is expressed in dual terms: as controllability (resp. stabilizability) of the dual control system. All aspects of controllability, namely, definition of controllable space and controllability gramian, along with their properties and explicit formulae, are discussed. The proposed duality is shown to be an exact extension of the classical duality in linear systems theory. One can then relate and compare the linear and the nonlinear systems. A side-by-side summary of this relationship is given in a tabular form (Table~II)., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2207.07709

Published
2022

11. Duality for Nonlinear Filtering II: Optimal Control

Author

Kim, Jin Won and Mehta, Prashant G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

This paper is concerned with the development and use of duality theory for a nonlinear filtering model with white noise observations. The main contribution of this paper is to introduce a stochastic optimal control problem as a dual to the nonlinear filtering problem. The mathematical statement of the dual relationship between the two problems is given in the form of a duality principle. The constraint for the optimal control problem is the backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) introduced in the companion paper. The optimal control solution is obtained from an application of the maximum principle, and subsequently used to derive the equation of the nonlinear filter. The proposed duality is shown to be an exact extension of the classical Kalman-Bucy duality, and different from other types of optimal control and variational formulations given in literature.

Published
2022

12. Duality for nonlinear filtering

Author

Kim, Jin Won

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

This thesis is concerned with the stochastic filtering problem for a hidden Markov model (HMM) with the white noise observation model. For this filtering problem, we make three types of original contributions: (1) dual controllability characterization of stochastic observability, (2) dual minimum variance optimal control formulation of the stochastic filtering problem, and (3) filter stability analysis using the dual optimal control formulation. For the first contribution of this thesis, a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) is proposed as the dual control system. The observability (detectability) of the HMM is shown to be equivalent to the controllability (stabilizability) of the dual control system. For the linear-Gaussian model, the dual relationship reduces to classical duality in linear systems theory. The second contribution is to transform the minimum variance estimation problem into an optimal control problem. The constraint is given by the dual control system. The optimal solution is obtained via two approaches: (1) by an application of maximum principle and (2) by the martingale characterization of the optimal value. The optimal solution is used to derive the nonlinear filter. The third contribution is to carry out filter stability analysis by studying the dual optimal control problem. Two approaches are presented through Chapters 7 and 8. In Chapter 7, conditional Poincar\'e inequality (PI) is introduced. Based on conditional PI, various convergence rates are obtained and related to literature. In Chapter 8, the stabilizability of the dual control system is shown to be a necessary and sufficient condition for filter stability on certain finite state space model., Comment: Ph.D. Thesis of the author

Published
2022

13. How does a Rational Agent Act in an Epidemic?

Author

Olmez, S. Yagiz, Aggarwal, Shubham, Kim, Jin Won, Miehling, Erik, Başar, Tamer, West, Matthew, and Mehta, Prashant G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, Computer Science - Multiagent Systems, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

Evolution of disease in a large population is a function of the top-down policy measures from a centralized planner, as well as the self-interested decisions (to be socially active) of individual agents in a large heterogeneous population. This paper is concerned with understanding the latter based on a mean-field type optimal control model. Specifically, the model is used to investigate the role of partial information on an agent's decision-making, and study the impact of such decisions by a large number of agents on the spread of the virus in the population. The motivation comes from the presymptomatic and asymptomatic spread of the COVID-19 virus where an agent unwittingly spreads the virus. We show that even in a setting with fully rational agents, limited information on the viral state can result in an epidemic growth., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2111.10422

Published
2022

15. Optical coherence tomography-guided versus angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with complex lesions (OCCUPI): an investigator-initiated, multicentre, randomised, open-label, superiority trial in South Korea

Author

Hong, Sung-Jin, Lee, Seung-Jun, Lee, Sang-Hyup, Lee, Jong-Young, Cho, Deok-Kyu, Kim, Jin Won, Kim, Sang Min, Hur, Seung-Ho, Heo, Jung Ho, Jang, Ji-Yong, Koh, Jin Sin, Won, Hoyoun, Lee, Jun-Won, Hong, Soon Jun, Kim, Dong-Kie, Choe, Jeong Cheon, Lee, Jin Bae, Kim, Soo-Joong, Yang, Tae-Hyun, Lee, Jung-Hee, Hong, Young Joon, Ahn, Jong-Hwa, Lee, Yong-Joon, Ahn, Chul-Min, Kim, Jung-Sun, Ko, Young-Guk, Choi, Donghoon, Hong, Myeong-Ki, Jang, Yangsoo, and Kim, Byeong-Keuk

Published
2024
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16. Durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced biliary tract cancer: A large real-life worldwide population

Author

Rimini, Margherita, Fornaro, Lorenzo, Rizzato, Mario Domenico, Antonuzzo, Lorenzo, Rossari, Federico, Satake, Tomoyuki, Vandeputte, Hanne, Vivaldi, Caterina, Pressiani, Tiziana, Lucchetti, Jessica, Kim, Jin Won, Abidoye, Oluseyi, Rapposelli, Ilario Giovanni, Tamberi, Stefano, Finkelmeier, Fabian, Giordano, Guido, Nichetti, Federico, Chon, Hong Jae, Braconi, Chiara, Pirrone, Chiara, Castet, Florian, Tamburini, Emiliano, Yoo, Changhoon, Parisi, Alessandro, Diana, Anna, Scartozzi, Mario, Prager, Gerald W., Avallone, Antonio, Schirripa, Marta, Kim, Il Hwan, Perkhofer, Lukas, Oneda, Ester, Verrico, Monica, Adeva, Jorge, Chan, Stephen L., Spinelli, Gian Paolo, Personeni, Nicola, Garajova, Ingrid, Rodriquenz, Maria Grazia, Leo, Silvana, Salani, Francesca, De Rosa, Antonio, Lavacchi, Daniele, Foti, Silvia, Ikeda, Masafumi, Dekervel, Jeroen, Niger, Monica, Balsano, Rita, Tonini, Giuseppe, Kang, Minsu, Bekaii-Saab, Tanios, Esposito, Luca, Boccaccino, Alessandra, Himmelsbach, Vera, Landriscina, Matteo, Djaballah, Selma Ahcene, Zanuso, Valentina, Masi, Gianluca, Lonardi, Sara, Rimassa, Lorenza, and Casadei-Gardini, Andrea

Published
2024
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18. Biodegradable Polymer Versus Polymer-Free Ultrathin Sirolimus-Eluting Stents: Analysis of the Stent Arm Registry From the HOST-IDEA Randomized Trial

Author

Han, Jung-Kyu, Yang, Seokhun, Hwang, Doyeon, Park, Sang-Hyeon, Kang, Jeehoon, Yang, Han-Mo, Park, Kyung Woo, Kang, Hyun-Jae, Koo, Bon-Kwon, Cho, Jin-Man, Cho, Janghyun, Bang, Duk Won, Lee, Jae-Hwan, Lee, Han Cheol, Kim, Kyung-Jin, Chun, Woo Jung, Seo, Won-Woo, Park, Woo-Jung, Park, Sang Min, Kim, Jin Won, and Kim, Hyo-Soo

Published
2024
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19. Modeling Presymptomatic Spread in Epidemics via Mean-Field Games

Author

Olmez, S. Yagiz, Aggarwal, Shubham, Kim, Jin Won, Miehling, Erik, Başar, Tamer, West, Matthew, and Mehta, Prashant G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory
Abstract

This paper is concerned with developing mean-field game models for the evolution of epidemics. Specifically, an agent's decision -- to be socially active in the midst of an epidemic -- is modeled as a mean-field game with health-related costs and activity-related rewards. By considering the fully and partially observed versions of this problem, the role of information in guiding an agent's rational decision is highlighted. The main contributions of the paper are to derive the equations for the mean-field game in both fully and partially observed settings of the problem, to present a complete analysis of the fully observed case, and to present some analytical results for the partially observed case.

Published
2021

20. A Dynamic Programming Formulation for the Nonlinear Filter

Author

Kim, Jin Won and Mehta, Prashant G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

This paper build on our recent work where we presented a dual stochastic optimal control formulation of the nonlinear filtering problem [1]. The constraint for the dual problem is a backward stochastic differential equations (BSDE). The solution is obtained via an application of the maximum principle (MP). In the present paper, a dynamic programming (DP) principle is presented for a special class of BSDE-constrained stochastic optimal control problems. The principle is applied to derive the solution of the nonlinear filtering problem.

Published
2021

22. Durvalumab or placebo plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in participants with advanced biliary tract cancer (TOPAZ-1): updated overall survival from a randomised phase 3 study

Author

Oh, Do-Youn, He, Aiwu Ruth, Bouattour, Mohamed, Okusaka, Takuji, Qin, Shukui, Chen, Li-Tzong, Kitano, Masayuki, Lee, Choong-kun, Kim, Jin Won, Chen, Ming-Huang, Suksombooncharoen, Thatthan, Ikeda, Masafumi, Lee, Myung Ah, Chen, Jen-Shi, Potemski, Piotr, Burris, Howard A, III, Ostwal, Vikas, Tanasanvimon, Suebpong, Morizane, Chigusa, Zaucha, Renata E, McNamara, Mairéad G, Avallone, Antonio, Cundom, Juan E, Breder, Valeriy, Tan, Benjamin, Shimizu, Satoshi, Tougeron, David, Evesque, Ludovic, Petrova, Mila, Zhen, David B, Gillmore, Roopinder, Gupta, Vineet Govinda, Dayyani, Farshid, Park, Joon Oh, Buchschacher, Gary L, Jr, Rey, Felipe, Kim, Hyosung, Wang, Julie, Morgan, Claire, Rokutanda, Nana, Żotkiewicz, Magdalena, Vogel, Arndt, and Valle, Juan W

Published
2024
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29. Correction: Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication after subtotal gastrectomy on the survival rate of patients with gastric cancer: follow-up for up to 15 years

Author

Choi, Yonghoon, Kim, Nayoung, Yun, Chang Yong, Choi, Yoon Jin, Yoon, Hyuk, Shin, Cheol Min, Park, Young Soo, Ahn, Sang-Hoon, Joong Park, Do, Lee, Hye Seung, Kim, Ji-Won, Kim, Jin Won, Lee, Keun-Wook, Chang, Won, Park, Ji Hoon, Lee, Yoon Jin, Lee, Kyoung Ho, Kim, Young Hoon, Lee, Dong Ho, and Kim, Hyung-Ho

Published
2023
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31. The Conditional Poincar\'e Inequality for Filter Stability

Author

Kim, Jin Won, Mehta, Prashant G., and Meyn, Sean

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability, Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

This paper is concerned with the problem of nonlinear filter stability of ergodic Markov processes. The main contribution is the conditional Poincar\'e inequality (PI), which is shown to yield filter stability. The proof is based upon a recently discovered duality which is used to transform the nonlinear filtering problem into a stochastic optimal control problem for a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE). Based on these dual formalisms, a comparison is drawn between the stochastic stability of a Markov process and the filter stability. The latter relies on the conditional PI described in this paper, whereas the former relies on the standard form of PI., Comment: 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

Published
2021

32. A Dual Characterization of the Stability of the Wonham Filter

Author

Kim, Jin Won and Mehta, Prashant G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability, Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

This paper revisits the classical question of the stability of the nonlinear Wonham filter. The novel contributions of this paper are two-fold: (i) definition of the stabilizability for the (control-theoretic) dual to the nonlinear filter; and (ii) the use of this definition to obtain conclusions on the stability of the Wonham filter. Specifically, it is shown that the stabilizability of the dual system is necessary for filter stability and conversely stabilizability implies that the filter asymptotically detects the correct ergodic class. The formulation and the proofs are based upon a recently discovered duality result whereby the nonlinear filtering problem is cast as a stochastic optimal control problem for a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE). The control-theoretic proof techniques and results may be viewed as a generalization of the classical work on the stability of the Kalman filter., Comment: 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

Published
2021

34. Feedback Particle Filter for Collective Inference

Author

Kim, Jin Won, Taghvaei, Amirhossein, Chen, Yongxin, and Mehta, Prashant G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, 60G35, 62M20 (Primary) 94A12 (Secondary)
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to describe the feedback particle filter algorithm for problems where there are a large number ($M$) of non-interacting agents (targets) with a large number ($M$) of non-agent specific observations (measurements) that originate from these agents. In its basic form, the problem is characterized by data association uncertainty whereby the association between the observations and agents must be deduced in addition to the agent state. In this paper, the large-$M$ limit is interpreted as a problem of collective inference. This viewpoint is used to derive the equation for the empirical distribution of the hidden agent states. A feedback particle filter (FPF) algorithm for this problem is presented and illustrated via numerical simulations. Results are presented for the Euclidean and the finite state-space cases, both in continuous-time settings. The classical FPF algorithm is shown to be the special case (with $M=1$) of these more general results. The simulations help show that the algorithm well approximates the empirical distribution of the hidden states for large $M$., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to FoDA

Published
2020

35. A Review of Professional Learning Community (PLC) Instruments

Author

Lee, Moosung, Kim, Jin Won, Mo, Youngmin, and Walker, Allan David

Abstract

Purpose: Despite the continuous growth of empirical studies exploring professional learning communities (PLCs) across different education systems, little is known about PLC instruments developed and used in existing research. This article aims to capture a full picture of existing PLC instruments developed since 1990. In so doing, the authors also pay attention to the seminal work of Karen Seashore Louis in alignment with the theme of the special issue. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the authors' searching databases, the authors identified eleven PLC instruments and 26 applied studies using the PLC instruments since 1990. Following this, the authors closely reviewed the identified studies and their relationships (i.e. which one influences which). Findings: The authors' review illuminates the measurement domains, conceptual origins and methodological soundness of the existing instruments and captures the impact of Louis's work on the applied studies using PLC instruments. Originality/value: Given that PLCs are seen as a policy measure to sustain and scale up school improvement internationally, the authors' review provides a better understanding of what and how researchers have measured the effect of PLCs on school improvement. As the first of its kind, the authors believe that their findings can give researchers valuable ideas about how to develop and use a PLC instrument.

Published
2022
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37. Zanidatamab for HER2-amplified, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer (HERIZON-BTC-01): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2b study

Author

Abou-Alfa, Ghassan, Alfonso, Jorge Adeva, Aglietta, Massimo, Baron, Ari, Beg, Muhammad, Aguirre, Paula Carrasco, Chen, Eric, Cheng, Ying, Gracián, Antonio Cubillo, Dahan, Laetitia, De Braud, Filippo, Fenocchio, Elisabetta, Gbolohon, Olumide, Gillmore, Roopinder, Jary, Marine, Javle, Milind, Jiang, Yixing, Kang, Jung Hun, King, Gentry George, Kundranda, Madappa, Layos, Laura, Li, Daneng, Liang, Tingbo, Lonardi, Sara, Marathe, Omkar, Mondaca, Sebastian, Martin, Andrés J. Muñoz, Park, Joon Oh, Pazo Cid, Roberto, Fernandez, Paula Ribera, Rimassa, Lorenza, Alonso, Rosa Rodriguez, Sadeghi, Saeed, Scott, Aaron, Tan, Benjamin, Tougeron, David, Yan, Qiang, Yin, Xiaoyu, Zhao, Haitao, Harding, James J, Fan, Jia, Oh, Do-Youn, Choi, Hye Jin, Kim, Jin Won, Chang, Heung-Moon, Bao, Lequn, Sun, Hui-Chuan, Macarulla, Teresa, Xie, Feng, Metges, Jean-Phillippe, Ying, Jie'er, Bridgewater, John, Lee, Myung-Ah, Tejani, Mohamedtaki A, Chen, Emerson Y, Kim, Dong Uk, Wasan, Harpreet, Ducreux, Michel, Bao, Yuanyuan, Boyken, Lisa, Ma, Jiafang, Garfin, Phillip, and Pant, Shubham

Published
2023
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38. Pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (KEYNOTE-966): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Author

Akce, Mehmet, Ales Diaz, Inmaculada, Alves, Gustavo, Anand, Sumitra, Arslan, Cagatay, Asselah, Jamil, Assenat, Eric, Aubin, Francine, Bai, Li-Yuan, Bai, Yuxian, Barajas, Olga, Bates, Susan, Begbie, Stephen, Ben-Aharon, Irit, Beri, Nina, Berres, Marie-Luise, Blanc, Jean-Frederic, Borbath, Ivan, Bordonaro, Robert, Bouattour, Mohamed, Brandi, Giovanni, Burgoyne, Adam, Butthongkomvong, Kritiya, Camandaroba, Marcos, Cao, Ke, Carballido, Marcela, Chan, Stephan Lam, Chen, Jen-Shi, Chen, Ming-Huang, Chen, Xiaoming, Cheng, Ashley, Chiu, Tai-Jan, Choi, Hye Jin, Chon, Hong Jae, Collignon, Joelle, Cubillo Gracian, Antonio, Davis, Sarah, de Carvalho, Ricardo Saraiva, de Groot, D.J.A., Demols, Anne, De Vos, Judith, Diab, Maria, Easaw, Jacob, Eatock, Martin, Edeline, Julien, Elias, Rawad, Eskens, Fredericus, Falcone, Alfredo, Fernandez, Plinio, Finn, Richard, Franke, Fabio, Furukawa, Masayuki, Furuse, Junji, Gbolahan, Olumide, Geboes, Karen, Geneser, Keri-Lee, Geng, Zhimin, Geva, Ravit, Gillmore, Roopinder, Goetze, Thorsten, Gou, Hongfeng, Grasselli, Julieta, Gu, Shanzhi, Gumus, Mahmut, Haj Mohammad, Nadia, Hao, Chunyi, Harputluoglu, Hakan, Hatoum, Hassan, Heinemann, Volker, Ho, Wang Kwong, Hsu, Chiun, Hubert, Ayala, Hwang, Juneul, Inanc, Mevlude, Iseas, Soledad, Jeyasingam, Vaishnavi, Jimenez Fonseca, Paula, Joubert, Warren, Juengsamarn, Jitlada, Kaen, Diego, Kanai, Masashi, Kasper-Virchow, Stefan, Kazemi, Ghazaleh, Kelleher, Fergal, Kelley, Robin, Kim, Jin Won, Kim, Jong Gwang, Kinupe Abrahao, Ana Beatriz, Klumpen, Heinz, Kochenderfer, Mark, Kose, Fatih, Lam, Ho Ching, Lee, Choong-kun, Lee, Hyun Woo, Lee, Margaret, Lee, Myung Ah, Lee, Wai Man Sarah, Le Sourd, Samuel, Li, Dongliang, Li, Wei, Liang, Houjie, Liang, Tingbo, Lim, Chun Sen, Lingerfelt, Brian, Lopez, Charles, Low, John, Macarulla Mercade, Teresa, Malka, David, Mao, Yimin, Masi, Gianluca, McCune, Steven, McDermott, Ray, McWhirter, Elaine, Mendez, Guillermo, Milella, Michele, Mizuno, Nobumasa, Mizutani, Tomonori, Moniz, Camila, Morales, Luisa, Munoz Martin, Andres Jesús, Nervi, Bruno, Ngamphaiboon, Nuttapong, Oh, Sang Cheul, Oksuzoglu, Berna, Outlaw, Darryl, Ozaka, Masato, Ozguroglu, Mustafa, Ozyilkan, Ozgur, Painemal, Claudio, Pan, Yueyin, Park, Joon Oh, Pelzer, Uwe, Peng, Chuang, Petorin, Caroline, Pezet, Denis, Power, Derek, Qin, Shukui, Ren, Zhenggang, Roohullah, Aflah, Ryu, Hyewon, Salman, Pamela, Sasaki, Mitsuhito, Sasidharan, Rita, Satoh, Taroh, Schulze, Kornelius, Scott-Brown, Martin, Segovia, Ruben, Seufferlein, Thomas, Siena, Salvatore, Sinapi, Isabelle, Smolenschi, Cristina, Song, Tianqiang, Sookprasert, Aumkhae, Soparattanapaisarn, Nopadol, Starling, Naureen, Stein, Stacey, Stemmer, Salomon, Su, Haichuan, Sugimoto, Rie, Suksombooncharoen, Thatthan, Tam, Vincent, Tan, Ai Lian, Tan, Chih Kiang, Tanasanvimon, Suebpong, Tonini, Giuseppe, Tortora, Giampaolo, Tsuji, Akihito, Ueno, Makoto, Uribe, Rodrigo, Venerito, Marino, Verdaguer Mata, Helena, Verslype, Chris, Victorino, Ana Paula, Vogel, Arndt, Wade, James, Waldschmidt, Dirk Thomas, Wang, Lu, Wan Isahk, Wan Zamaniah, Wasan, Harpeet, Weschenfelder, Rui, Wong, Chun Yin, Wong, Yoke Fui, Yalcin, Suayib, Yanez Weber, Patricio, Yang, Xuezhong, Yasui, Hisateru, Yau, Thomas, Yazici, Ozan, Yen, Chia-Jui, Ying, Jieer, Yoo, Changhoon, Yu, Wenchang, Zhao, Haitao, Kelley, Robin Kate, Finn, Richard S, Klümpen, Heinz-Josef, Chan, Stephen L, Valle, Juan W, Yu, Li, Malhotra, Usha, and Siegel, Abby B

Published
2023
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43. Zanidatamab, a novel bispecific antibody, for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic HER2-expressing or HER2-amplified cancers: a phase 1, dose-escalation and expansion study

Author

Meric-Bernstam, Funda, Beeram, Muralidhar, Hamilton, Erika, Oh, Do-Youn, Hanna, Diana L, Kang, Yoon-Koo, Elimova, Elena, Chaves, Jorge, Goodwin, Rachel, Lee, Jeeyun, Nabell, Lisle, Rha, Sun Young, Mayordomo, Jose, El-Khoueiry, Anthony, Pant, Shubham, Raghav, Kanwal, Kim, Jin Won, Patnaik, Amita, Gray, Todd, Davies, Rupert, Ozog, Mark A, Woolery, Joseph, and Lee, Keun-Wook

Published
2022
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46. Pre-Service Teachers' International Study Experiences or In-Service Teachers' Professional Learning Communities: What Comes into Play in Finnish Teachers' Self-Efficacy in Multicultural Classrooms?

Author

Mo, Youngmin, Appel, Margie, Kim, Jin Won, and Lee, Moosung

Abstract

Across many countries, schools and classrooms are becoming culturally diverse. In response to this global trend, culturally responsive teaching (CRT) has been highlighted. Within this context, we have a two-fold goal in this study; to explore 1) whether and how pre-service teachers' international study experiences can impact their self-efficacy in multicultural classrooms when becoming practicing teachers and 2) whether and how in-service teachers' engagements in professional learning communities (PLC) can improve their self-efficacy in multicultural classrooms. Drawing on 2,714 Finnish teachers from 139 schools in the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018, we found a positive relationship between teachers' study abroad experiences during their pre-service teacher education and their self-efficacy in multicultural classrooms. However, this significant result is not maintained with the addition of important variables. In contradistinction with this vanishing effect of teachers' study abroad experiences, we found that teachers' engagements in PLCs play a significant role in their self-efficacy in multicultural classrooms. We discuss implications of the contrasting findings for research and practice.

Published
2021
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50. A plain language summary of the results from the phase 2b HERIZON-BTC-01 study of zanidatamab in participants with HER2-amplified biliary tract cancer.

Author

Harding, James J, Fan, Jia, Oh, Do-Youn, Choi, Hye Jin, Kim, Jin Won, Chang, Heung-Moon, Bao, Lequn, Sun, Hui-Chuan, Macarulla, Teresa, Xie, Feng, Metges, Jean-Phillippe, Ying, Jie'er, Bridgewater, John, Lee, Myung-Ah, Tejani, Mohamedtaki A, Chen, Emerson Y, Kim, Dong Uk, Wasan, Harpreet, Ducreux, Michel, and Bao, Yuanyuan

Abstract

What is this summary about? Researchers wanted to study whether the research drug zanidatamab could help people with a type of cancer called biliary tract cancer. In some people, biliary tract cancer cells make extra copies of a gene called HER2 (also called ERBB2). This is known as being HER2-amplified. Zanidatamab is an antibody designed to destroy cancer cells that have higher-than-normal HER2 protein or gene levels. Zanidatamab is currently under research and is not yet approved for any diseases. Participants in this phase 2b clinical study had tumors that were HER2-amplified and at the advanced or metastatic stage. Participants also had cancer which had become worse after previous chemotherapy or had side effects that were too bad to continue chemotherapy. They also had to meet other requirements to be enrolled. Researchers measured the amount of HER2 protein in the tumor samples of the participants who were enrolled. There were 80 participants with tumors that were both HER2 amplified and had higher-than-normal HER2 protein amounts (considered to be 'HER2-positive'). There were 7 participants with tumors that were HER2-amplified, but had little-to-no levels of the HER2 protein (considered to be 'HER2-low'). All participants in the study were treated with zanidatamab and no other cancer treatments once every 2 weeks. What are the key takeaways? In the HER2-positive group, 33 of 80 (41%) participants had their tumors shrink by 30% or more of their original size. In half of these participants, their tumors did not grow for 13 months or longer. No participant in the HER2-low group had their tumors shrink by 30% or more. In total, 63 of 87 participants (72%) had at least one side effect believed to be related to zanidatamab treatment. Most side effects were mild or moderate in severity. No participant died from complications related to zanidatamab. Diarrhea was one of the more common side effects and was experienced by 32 of 87 participants (37%). Side effects related to receiving zanidatamab through the vein, such as chills, fever, or high blood pressure, were experienced by 29 of 87 participants (33%). What are the conclusions reported by the researchers? The results of this study support the potential for zanidatamab as a new therapy for people with HER2-positive biliary tract cancer after they had already received chemotherapy. More research is occurring to support these results. Clinical Trial Registration:NCT04466891 (HERIZON-BTC-01 study) Tweetable Abstract The HERIZON-BTC-01 study revealed zanidatamab as a potentially effective treatment for HER2-positive biliary tract cancer after standard chemotherapy fails. Read more in the lay summary by @hardingjjmd, @DrShubhamPant, and coauthors. #BiliaryTractCancer #HER2 #zanidatamab Infographic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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