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212 results on '"Mulè, Giuseppina"'

3. Phylogenomic Analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-Gene Dataset Resolves a Monophyletic Fusarium that Includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex.

Author

Geiser, David M, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah MS, Aoki, Takayuki, Arie, Tsutomu, Balmas, Virgilio, Barnes, Irene, Bergstrom, Gary C, Bhattacharyya, Madan K, Blomquist, Cheryl L, Bowden, Robert L, Brankovics, Balázs, Brown, Daren W, Burgess, Lester W, Bushley, Kathryn, Busman, Mark, Cano-Lira, José F, Carrillo, Joseph D, Chang, Hao-Xun, Chen, Chi-Yu, Chen, Wanquan, Chilvers, Martin, Chulze, Sofia, Coleman, Jeffrey J, Cuomo, Christina A, de Beer, Z Wilhelm, de Hoog, G Sybren, Del Castillo-Múnera, Johanna, Del Ponte, Emerson M, Diéguez-Uribeondo, Javier, Di Pietro, Antonio, Edel-Hermann, Véronique, Elmer, Wade H, Epstein, Lynn, Eskalen, Akif, Esposto, Maria Carmela, Everts, Kathryne L, Fernández-Pavía, Sylvia P, da Silva, Gilvan Ferreira, Foroud, Nora A, Fourie, Gerda, Frandsen, Rasmus JN, Freeman, Stanley, Freitag, Michael, Frenkel, Omer, Fuller, Kevin K, Gagkaeva, Tatiana, Gardiner, Donald M, Glenn, Anthony E, Gold, Scott E, Gordon, Thomas R, Gregory, Nancy F, Gryzenhout, Marieka, Guarro, Josep, Gugino, Beth K, Gutierrez, Santiago, Hammond-Kosack, Kim E, Harris, Linda J, Homa, Mónika, Hong, Cheng-Fang, Hornok, László, Huang, Jenn-Wen, Ilkit, Macit, Jacobs, Adriaana, Jacobs, Karin, Jiang, Cong, Jiménez-Gasco, María Del Mar, Kang, Seogchan, Kasson, Matthew T, Kazan, Kemal, Kennell, John C, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Kuldau, Gretchen A, Kulik, Tomasz, Kurzai, Oliver, Laraba, Imane, Laurence, Matthew H, Lee, Theresa, Lee, Yin-Won, Lee, Yong-Hwan, Leslie, John F, Liew, Edward CY, Lofton, Lily W, Logrieco, Antonio F, S López-Berges, Manuel, Luque, Alicia G, Lysøe, Erik, Ma, Li-Jun, Marra, Robert E, Martin, Frank N, May, Sara R, McCormick, Susan P, McGee, Chyanna, Meis, Jacques F, Migheli, Quirico, Mohamed Nor, NMI, Monod, Michel, Moretti, Antonio, Mostert, Diane, and Mulè, Giuseppina

Subjects
evolution, fungal pathogens, Plant Biology & Botany, Microbiology, Plant Biology, Crop and Pasture Production
Abstract

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user's needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available.

Published
2021

13. Aflatoxin B 1 Degradation by Ery4 Laccase: From In Vitro to Contaminated Corn.

Author

Loi, Martina, De Leonardis, Silvana, Ciasca, Biancamaria, Paciolla, Costantino, Mulè, Giuseppina, and Haidukowski, Miriam

Subjects
LACCASE, AFLATOXINS, CORN, METABOLITES, VITAMIN C, FOOD safety, POLLUTANTS
Abstract

Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. and are found in food and feed as contaminants worldwide. Due to climate change, AFs occurrence is expected to increase also in western Europe. Therefore, to ensure food and feed safety, it is mandatory to develop green technologies for AFs reduction in contaminated matrices. With this regard, enzymatic degradation is an effective and environmentally friendly approach under mild operational conditions and with minor impact on the food and feed matrix. In this work, Ery4 laccase, acetosyringone, ascorbic acid, and dehydroascorbic acid were investigated in vitro, then applied in artificially contaminated corn for AFB1 reduction. AFB1 (0.1 µg/mL) was completely removed in vitro and reduced by 26% in corn. Several degradation products were detected in vitro by UHPLC-HRMS and likely corresponded to AFQ1, epi-AFQ1, AFB1-diol, or AFB1dialehyde, AFB2a, and AFM1. Protein content was not altered by the enzymatic treatment, while slightly higher levels of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 were detected. Although further studies are needed to improve AFB1 reduction and reduce the impact of this treatment in corn, the results of this study are promising and suggest that Ery4 laccase can be effectively applied for the reduction in AFB1 in corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. ENZYMATIC TRANSFORMATION OF AFLATOXIN B 1 BY RH_DYPB PEROXIDASE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE REACTION PRODUCTS

Author

Loi Martina, Renaud Justin, Rosini Elena, Pollegioni Loredano, Vignali Elisa, Haidukowski Miram, Sumarah Mark, Logrieco Antonio Francesco, and Mulè Giuseppina

Subjects
food safety, remediation, aflatoxin, peroxidase
Abstract

Aflatoxins (AFs) are fungal secondary metabolites which contaminate several staple food and feed commodities worldwide. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is highly toxic and hepatocarcinogenic in humans. AF's exposure, especially in food-insecure countries, increases the rate of liver cancer, child mortality, malnutrition, immune suppression and hepatotoxicity, also in livestock animals. Biological methods, such as enzymatic biotransformation, represent a mild and environmental friendly method to reduce AFs contamination. Different peroxidases have been shown to degrade several mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the degrading capability of a recombinant type B dye decolorizing peroxidase (Rh_DypB) towards AFB1. In vitro assays were set up in 50 mM sodium malonate buffer, pH 6.0 containing 2 mM MnCl2 and AFB1 (1 µg/mL) using different enzyme and H2O2 concentrations. Kinetic parameters on AFB1 were assessed, its reduction was assessed by HPLC during a 96 hours bioconversion time and the reaction products were characterized by mass spectrometry analysis. AFB1 was reduced up to 96% using low enzyme and H2O2 dosages; an approximative maximal rate of 0.0021 µg/mL x min and a Km of 3.2 mM were estimated at the optimal enzyme and H2O2 concentrations. AFB1 was quantitatively converted to the hydroxylated metabolite AFQ1, which is known to possess lower acute toxicity and mutagenicity than AFB1. Further studies are currently ongoing to investigate the mechanism of action of Rh_DypB through the use of enzyme mutants and to identify other reaction products other than AFQ1. Rh_DypB application could represent an effective method to reduce AFs contamination, especially in highly contaminated feed commodities.

Published
2021

21. Changes in Antioxidant Metabolism and Plant Growth of Wild Rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia(L.) DC cv Dallas Leaves as Affected by Different Nutrient Supply Levels and Growing Systems

Author

Villani, Alessandra, Loi, Martina, Serio, Francesco, Montesano, Francesco Fabiano, D’Imperio, Massimiliano, De Leonardis, Silvana, Mulè, Giuseppina, and Paciolla, Costantino

Abstract

It has been widely assessed that the quality and quantity of nutrient supply and the growing system can strongly affect the growth and development of plants, the nutritional quality, and the levels of minerals, phytochemicals, and vitamins. The study was conducted on leaves of wild rockets grown in soil and soilless to examine the effect of growing conditions and mineral fertilization doses on the quality, mineral content, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and oxidative stress. The experiment was conducted in a plastic greenhouse into two independent sectors, one for soil-bound cultivation and another equipped for soilless cultivation. The crop was subjected to a high compared to a low-input fertilization program. Ion exchange chromatography, spectrophotometrically, and microbiological techniques were utilized. The soil-bound treatments increased the fresh weight, leaves number, chloride content, and microbial load. Exogenous application of higher nitrogen levels significantly boosted the ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide levels. Wild rocket growth in soilless showed a higher content of sulphates and polyphenols, and enhanced activity of the antioxidant enzymes dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase. The fertilization rate and the cultivation system did not modify the content of nitrates, except in the soilless system treated with high fertilization program, where nitrate levels slightly exceeded regulatory limits. The yield and overall quality of wild rockets can be improved by combining the proper fertilizer dose with the growth system (soilless or soil) and suggested fertilization management is provided.

Published
2023
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32. Gut Dysbiosis and Muscle Aging: Searching for Novel Targets against Sarcopenia

Author

Picca, Anna, Fanelli, Francesca, Calvani, Riccardo, Mulè, Giuseppina, Pesce, Vito, Sisto, Alex, Pantanelli, Cecilia, Bernabei, Roberto, Landi, Francesco, and Marzetti, Emanuele

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Advanced age is characterized by several changes, one of which is the impairment of the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota. These alterations critically influence host health and have been associated with morbidity and mortality in older adults. “Inflammaging,” an age-related chronic inflammatory process, is a common trait of several conditions, including sarcopenia. Interestingly, imbalanced intestinal microbial community has been suggested to contribute to inflammaging. Changes in gut microbiota accompanying sarcopenia may be attenuated by supplementation with pre- and probiotics. Although muscle aging has been increasingly recognized as a biomarker of aging, the pathophysiology of sarcopenia is to date only partially appreciated. Due to its development in the context of the age-related inflammatory milieu, several studies favor the hypothesis of a tight connection between sarcopenia and inflammaging. However, conclusive evidence describing the signaling pathways involved has not yet been produced. Here, we review the current knowledge of the changes in intestinal microbiota that occur in advanced age with a special emphasis on findings supporting the idea of a modulation of muscle physiology through alterations in gut microbial composition and activity.

Published
2018
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34. Mycokey round table discussions of future directions in research on chemical detection methods, genetics and biodiversity of mycotoxins

Author

Leslie, John F., Lattanzio, Veronica, Audenaert, Kris, Battilani, Paola, Cary, Jeffrey, Chulze, Sofia N., De Saeger, Sarah, Gerardino, Annamaria, Karlovsky, Petr, Liao, Yu Cai, Maragos, Chris M., Meca, Giuseppe, Medina, Angel, Moretti, Antonio, Munkvold, Gary, Mulè, Giuseppina, Njobeh, Patrick, Pecorelli, Ivan, Perrone, Giancarlo, Pietri, Amedeo, Palazzini, Juan M., Proctor, Robert H., Rahayu, Endang S., Ramírez, Maria L., Samson, Robert, Stroka, Jörg, Sulyok, Michael, Sumarah, Mark, Waalwijk, Cees, Zhang, Qi, Zhang, Hao, Logrieco, Antonio F., Leslie, John F., Lattanzio, Veronica, Audenaert, Kris, Battilani, Paola, Cary, Jeffrey, Chulze, Sofia N., De Saeger, Sarah, Gerardino, Annamaria, Karlovsky, Petr, Liao, Yu Cai, Maragos, Chris M., Meca, Giuseppe, Medina, Angel, Moretti, Antonio, Munkvold, Gary, Mulè, Giuseppina, Njobeh, Patrick, Pecorelli, Ivan, Perrone, Giancarlo, Pietri, Amedeo, Palazzini, Juan M., Proctor, Robert H., Rahayu, Endang S., Ramírez, Maria L., Samson, Robert, Stroka, Jörg, Sulyok, Michael, Sumarah, Mark, Waalwijk, Cees, Zhang, Qi, Zhang, Hao, and Logrieco, Antonio F.

Abstract

MycoKey, an EU-funded Horizon 2020 project, includes a series of “Roundtable Discussions” to gather information on trending research areas in the field of mycotoxicology. This paper includes summaries of the Roundtable Discussions on Chemical Detection and Monitoring of mycotoxins and on the role of genetics and biodiversity in mycotoxin production. Discussions were managed by using the nominal group discussion technique, which generates numerous ideas and provides a ranking for those identified as the most important. Four questions were posed for each research area, as well as two questions that were common to both discussions. Test kits, usually antibody based, were one major focus of the discussions at the Chemical Detection and Monitoring roundtable because of their many favorable features, e.g., cost, speed and ease of use. The second area of focus for this roundtable was multi-mycotoxin detection protocols and the challenges still to be met to enable these protocols to become methods of choice for regulated mycotoxins. For the genetic and biodiversity group, both the depth and the breadth of trending research areas were notable. For some areas, e.g., microbiome studies, the suggested research questions were primarily of a descriptive nature. In other areas, multiple experimental approaches, e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, RNAi and gene deletions, are needed to understand the regulation of toxin production and mechanisms underlying successful biological controls. Answers to the research questions will provide starting points for developing acceptable prevention and remediation processes. Forging a partnership between scientists and appropriately-placed communications experts was recognized by both groups as an essential step to communicating risks, while retaining overall confidence in the safety of the food supply and the integrity of the food production chain.

Published
2018

35. MycoKey Round Table Discussions of Future Directions in Research on Chemical Detection Methods, Genetics and Biodiversity of Mycotoxins

Author

Leslie, John, primary, Lattanzio, Veronica, additional, Audenaert, Kris, additional, Battilani, Paola, additional, Cary, Jeffrey, additional, Chulze, Sofia, additional, De Saeger, Sarah, additional, Gerardino, Annamaria, additional, Karlovsky, Petr, additional, Liao, Yu-Cai, additional, Maragos, Chris, additional, Meca, Giuseppe, additional, Medina, Angel, additional, Moretti, Antonio, additional, Munkvold, Gary, additional, Mulè, Giuseppina, additional, Njobeh, Patrick, additional, Pecorelli, Ivan, additional, Perrone, Giancarlo, additional, Pietri, Amedeo, additional, Palazzini, Juan, additional, Proctor, Robert, additional, Rahayu, Endang, additional, Ramírez, Maria, additional, Samson, Robert, additional, Stroka, Jörg, additional, Sulyok, Michael, additional, Sumarah, Mark, additional, Waalwijk, Cees, additional, Zhang, Qi, additional, Zhang, Hao, additional, and Logrieco, Antonio, additional

Published
2018
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40. Transcriptional Analysis of Acinetobacter sp. neg1 Capable of Degrading Ochratoxin A

Author

Liuzzi, Vania C., primary, Fanelli, Francesca, additional, Tristezza, Mariana, additional, Haidukowski, Miriam, additional, Picardi, Ernesto, additional, Manzari, Caterina, additional, Lionetti, Claudia, additional, Grieco, Francesco, additional, Logrieco, Antonio F., additional, Thon, Michael R., additional, Pesole, Graziano, additional, and Mulè, Giuseppina, additional

Published
2017
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41. Transcriptional analysis of Acinetobacter sp. neg1 capable of degrading ochratoxin A

Author

Liuzzi Vania C Fanelli Francesca Manzari Caterina Lionetti Claudia Thon Michael Mulè Giuseppina

Subjects
transcriptional analysis, Acinetobacter, ochratoxin A, degradation
Abstract

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic and potentially carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, contaminating grapes, wine and a variety of food products. We recently isolated from soil a novel free-living Acinetobacter strain, named Acinetobacter sp. neg1, able to degrade OTA. Biochemical studies demonstrated that Acinetobacter sp. neg1 was able to degrade OTA into the not toxic catabolic product OTalpha (OT?), suggesting that the degradation reaction proceeds via peptide bond hydrolysis with phenylalanine release. The identification of the enzymes and biochemical pathway responsible for the degradation is the first step in the development of biotechnology applications for OTA reduction in the food chain. Numerous potential peptidase encoding genes are present in the genome of Acinetobacter sp. neg1, but in the absence of a comprehensive evaluation of the capacity of members of the genus to degrade OTA, the identification of candidate genes through comparative genomic approaches remains difficult. In order to find genes responsible for OTA degradation we made a differential expression analysis of Acinetobacter sp. neg1 grown in the presence or absence of the toxin. Briefly, total RNA was isolated from bacteria grown in the two conditions and mRNA was selectively enriched through rRNA depletion. Samples were then fragmented and used to obtain cDNA libraries that were sequenced with the Illumina MiSeq system, obtaining 4 x 106 paired-end reads with an average per base quality score > 30. The RNA seq data were analyzed in the discovery environment of iplant (http://www.iplantcollaborative.org/). In particular, reads were aligned to the reference genome using TopHat2. Then, Cuffdiff was used to calculate RPKM and detect significant differences between the two conditions. This analysis revealed more than 100 differential expressed genes. Among them, we found 4 genes coding for peptidases or hydrolases that could be involved in the reaction of degradation: 2 serine-type endopeptidases were up-regulated at 6 hours, while one aminopeptidase and one hydrolase were up-regolated at 12 hours. The enrichment analysis for Gene Ontology terms revealed the over-representation of molecular functions which could be involved or consequent to OTA degradation, such as serine-type endopeptidase activity, amino acid transmembrane transporter activity, D-amino acid metabolic process and protein maturation. These results confirmed that OTA degradation proceeds through peptidase activities. We hypothesize that this reaction induces the activation of pathways potentially involved in the phenylalanine metabolism. Further analysis are ongoing to verify the OTA degradation activity of the candidate genes.

Published
2015

42. Complexity and dynamics of the winemaking bacterial communities in berries, musts, and wines from apulian grape cultivars through time and space

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ALBCOM - Algorismia, Bioinformàtica, Complexitat i Mètodes Formals, Marzano, Marinella, Fosso, Bruno, Manzari, Caterina, Grieco, Francesco, Intranuovo, Marianna, Cozzi, Giuseppe, Mulè, Giuseppina, Scioscia, Gaetano, Valiente Feruglio, Gabriel Alejandro, Tullo, Apollonia, Sbisa, Elisabetta, Pesole, Graziano, Santamaria, Monica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ALBCOM - Algorismia, Bioinformàtica, Complexitat i Mètodes Formals, Marzano, Marinella, Fosso, Bruno, Manzari, Caterina, Grieco, Francesco, Intranuovo, Marianna, Cozzi, Giuseppe, Mulè, Giuseppina, Scioscia, Gaetano, Valiente Feruglio, Gabriel Alejandro, Tullo, Apollonia, Sbisa, Elisabetta, Pesole, Graziano, and Santamaria, Monica

Abstract

Currently, there is very little information available regarding the microbiome associated with the wine production chain. Here, we used an amplicon sequencing approach based on high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the bacterial community associated with the production of three Apulian red wines, from grape to final product. The relationships among grape variety, the microbial community, and fermentation was investigated. Moreover, the winery microbiota was evaluated compared to the autochthonous species in vineyards that persist until the end of the winemaking process. The analysis highlighted the remarkable dynamics within the microbial communities during fermentation. A common microbial core shared among the examined wine varieties was observed, and the unique taxonomic signature of each wine appellation was revealed. New species belonging to the genus Halomonas were also reported. This study demonstrates the potential of this metagenomic approach, supported by optimized protocols, for identifying the biodiversity of the wine supply chain. The developed experimental pipeline offers new prospects for other research fields in which a comprehensive view of microbial community complexity and dynamics is desirable., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Published
2016

45. Complexity and Dynamics of the Winemaking Bacterial Communities in Berries, Musts, and Wines from Apulian Grape Cultivars through Time and Space

Author

Marzano, Marinella, primary, Fosso, Bruno, additional, Manzari, Caterina, additional, Grieco, Francesco, additional, Intranuovo, Marianna, additional, Cozzi, Giuseppe, additional, Mulè, Giuseppina, additional, Scioscia, Gaetano, additional, Valiente, Gabriel, additional, Tullo, Apollonia, additional, Sbisà, Elisabetta, additional, Pesole, Graziano, additional, and Santamaria, Monica, additional

Published
2016
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