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The agriculture segment is one of the key regions to distinguish the quantity of utilizations for work using obsolete resources. Our project relates to seed fodder, pesticides and multipurpose farming machinery for fertilizers and dumping, giving the farmer the most economical and multi-use tools that are clean, easy to maintain, effortless to handle and don't require direct fuel, thus reducing costs and helping farmers in their fields. This machine uses the power of the tractor to carry out all agricultural operations. Mechanization employs the utilization of a hybrid machine between the source of power and the work. The project uses power take off wire to transmit power from the tractor to the multipurpose machine. This power extends to all the necessary processes such as sowing, watering, spraying, plowing and cutting.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of two novel gladiolus hybrid selections IIHRG-7 and IIHRG-11 along with commercial checks, for flower quality traits and Fusarium wilt resistance in completely randomized block design, during 2012-13 to 2014-15. Three years data were pooled and analyzed statistically. The hybrid selections IIHRG-7 and IIHRG-11 had been developed through hybridization by crossing Arka Meera x Picardy and Gold Medal 412 x Arka Poonam, respectively followed by selection. IIHRG-7 has novel flower colour (as per RHS Colour Chart) i.e., Red-Purple (65.B) having Red-Purple (62.A) streaks with Red-Purple (67.B) splash and spike with variegated florets, while, IIHRG-11 has novel floret colour as Red (41.C) having Red (41.A) margin. Blotch Red (46.B) with yellow (13.C) border and resistance to Fusarium wilt disease. These hybrid selections are suitable for cut-flower and flower arrangement purposes. Further, these hybrid selections will be useful for developing new gladiolus hybrid selections with novel traits and resistance to Fusarium wilt disease.

A study was conducted on the impact of Covid 19 pandemic among selected microenterprises of women’s Self Help Groups (SHGs) in marine fisheries sector in Kerala State. Their level of performance and extent of empowerment were assessed through appropriate indices of measurement based on the data from SHGs of 16 different conspicuous fishery based micro enterprises in Kerala state. The gender analysis and economic feasibility analysis based on personal interview and focus group interaction meetings with members of SHGs were undertaken. The male and female counterparts of the families of respondents were separately interviewed to assess the gender mainstreaming impact in terms of equity and equality to access and control over the resources, participation profile, decision making, gender need analysis etc.

The host–guest complexes of cucurbituril and azobenzene are investigated using dispersion corrected density functional theoretical methods. Different orientations of the guest azobenzene inside cucurbiturils of different sizes are examined. The host–guest interaction and the alteration of the physical properties of constituent units are studied. Among different orientations of azobenzene inside cucurbituril, the horizontally oriented cis complex is found to be the most stable. The maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) of trans isomer undergoes red shift due to the confinement inside the cucurbituril cage whereas that of the cis isomer exhibits a blue shift when aligned horizontally inside the cucurbituril cage. The transfer of electron density and the non-linear optical properties of these complexes are also discussed.

Present study investigated the use of fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) sheet roof as alternate roofing material in goat shelters. Twenty lactating goats, 10 each, housed under pen having cemented sheet roof (CR) and FRP sheet roof (PR) were managed uniformly during winter. Analysis of data revealed that microclimate and physiological responses of does were similar and does were equally comfortable. The milk yield was significantly lower up to 30 days, recorded lower trend up to 60 and 90 days of lactation in does housed under PR than does under CR. The overall mean weekly test day milk yield and body weight of does recorded under PR was significantly lower than does under CR. Results indicated that the provision of FRP roof as alternate roofing material in goat shelters in semi-arid areas may not be beneficial in increasing production of lactating goats during winter.

The electronic and transport properties of various devices made of carbon nanotube (CNT), B, Al, N-doped and BN, AlN co-doped carbon nanotubes sandwiched between boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) electrodes were investigated using combined density functional theoretical and the non-equilibrium Green's function (DFT-NEGF) methods. The undoped, doped and co-doped CNTs exhibit low band gap which make them suitable for semiconductor devices. The transport properties such as transmission spectrum, density of states (DOS) and current-voltage characteristic of all the devices were determined. A negative differential resistance (NDR) is observed for undoped, doped and co-doped CNTs at high bias (±1 to ±3 V). It is revealed that the NDR region as well as the peak-to-valley ratio of CNT can be tuned by doping B, N, Al, BN and AlN. The rectification ratio of CNT varies with the type of dopant atoms. The NDR effect in the current-voltage curve along with high rectification ratio proffer the potential applications of doped and co-doped CNTs in nano-rectifiers.

The reduction of SO2 by CO at various sites of CnAun (n = 4, 8 and 16) clusters is studied using the dispersion corrected density functional theory. The energy required for the desorption of the final product COS from the respective clusters is lower than the maximum activation energy barrier of the reaction indicating that the clusters considered are free from sulphur poisoning. The rate determining step of the reaction in presence of the above clusters is also determined. The competing pathways which arise due to the presence of other available possible reaction sites are discussed.

Plasticulture refers to use of plastics in agriculture in a scientific manner which not only improves the productivity but also optimizes the input resources. The plastic use in livestock farms is also becoming important, particularly for livestock products, for improving its keeping quality; livestock farm operations like storage of feed, feeding and watering devices; animal identification; milking machines and its tubings; milk cans; semen straws and AI sheaths, etc. Recently, the research work has been initiated for the usefulness of plastics in livestock shelter components like floor, wall partitions, protection panels, etc. under AICRP on PET project with ICAR-CIRG, Makhdoom and ICAR-NRCY, Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh for goats and Yaks, respectively as its animal science components. The main plastic products that are utilized on livestock farms are low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP). This review paper discusses in brief about the plastic use in various stages of livestock production to marketing of its products.

A series of azobenzene derivatives which differ in the number of rings attached to benzene is investigated using dispersion-corrected density-functional theoretical methods. The studies on the effect of extended rings on the energy of cis and trans isomers (��Ecis���trans) of the derivatives revealed that ��Ecis���trans is increased from azobenzene to azoanthracene, however, decreased when the rings are extended in two dimensions. The time-dependent density-functional theoretical studies showed that the extension of rings in two-dimension shifts absorption maximum from ultraviolet to visible region. The investigations on fluorine and amino-substituted derivatives of azocoronene showed its cis isomer as lower in energy than trans isomer.

The concept of design and fabrication of hybrid vehicle was mainly intended for differently abled people and the elderly. It is a vehicle which is solar powered by solar and electrical energy. This vehicle is an electric vehicle powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the surface of the vehicle. Solar vehicles are not practical day-to-day transportation devices at present, but are used as primary demonstration vehicle and for engineering exercises. The battery is the energy storage device which can store charge from single-phase 230 V wall socket or through the solar panel. A BLDC motor is the prime mover, and it drives the vehicle with the support of two wheels. This vehicle has the capability to carry weights up to limits of 150 kg and can travel at speeds of 40 km/h. It is designed as user-friendly which is free from pollution, and it is different from conventional vehicles. Our main motto is to fabricate a vehicle which supports differently abled and elder people at the lowest cost possible.

The invasion of the male urogenital tract by microorganisms, and its subsequent effects on sperm fertilising ability, has not been well discussed in bucks. The present study was conducted to assess the bacterial load in fresh semen of the 2-6 years old bucks. For conducting the experiment, semen ejaculates from 18 bucks (6 from each breed namely Jakhrana, Jamunapari and Barbari) were used. We collected 5 ejaculates from each buck in each season (Summer-April to June, Rainy-July to Sept and Winter-November to January). Semen was collected with the artificial vagina (AV) method, and separate AV was used for each buck every time. The semen collection frequency was once in a week. Immediately after initial evaluation, collected semen samples were transferred to the microbiology laboratory of the institute. Thereafter, the semen samples were subjected to bacteriological examination to assess the microbial load. The results of the current study indicate that the microbial load in the semen was significantly (p

Herein, two new triazole-appended pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazolone based colorimetric chemosensors (4a and 4b) have been designed and synthesized by a click-chemistry approach for recognition of Fe3+ and H2PO4− ions. The chemosensors (4a and 4b) display excellent selectivity for Fe3+ ions in the presence of competitive metal ions with an instantaneous change in color that is perceptible to the naked eye. The selectivity and sensitivity of 4a and 4b were investigated through colorimetric and UV-vis studies in a mixed aqueous medium (MeOH/H2O (8 : 2, v/v)). The binding constant (Ka) of chemosensor 4b for binding Fe3+ ions was determined to be 1.27 × 103 M−1 which is higher than that of chemosensor 4a (Ka = 5.9 × 102 M−1). The binding mechanisms of 4a and 4b were investigated by 1H NMR, FT-IR, HR-MS and UV-vis spectroscopy which were further supported by DFT studies. Moreover, 4a-Fe3+ and 4b-Fe3+ complexes were found to respond to H2PO4− ions out of all other competitive anions. The chemosensor 4b was also found to be reversible for 4 cycles. Furthermore, the reversible colorimetric changes observed upon addition of Fe3+ and H2PO4− ions to 4b were found to mimic an ‘INHIBIT’ molecular logic gate. The practical application of chemosensor 4b was also demonstrated successfully by evaluating the capability of the chemosensor to detect Fe3+ ions in real samples.

A triazine-based nanoporous multifunctional polymer with a SABET of 304 m2 g−1 has shown versatile catalytic activity in the conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates at 4 bar with almost 100% yield and selectivity, and in the conversion of CO2 to methanol and methane electrochemically. Additionally, it also catalyzes C–C bond formation via the Knoevenagel reaction.